Functional connectivity of the developing mouse cortex

Cross-sectional studies have established a variety of structural, synaptic and cell physiological changes corresponding to key critical periods in cortical development. However, the emergence of functional connectivity (FC) in development has not been fully characterized, and hemodynamic-based measures are vulnerable to any neurovascular coupling changes occurring in parallel. We therefore used optical fluorescence imaging to trace longitudinal calcium FC in the awake, resting-state mouse cortex in the same mice at 5 developmental time points beginning at postnatal day 15 (P15) and ending in early adulthood (P60), resulting in over 500 imaging epochs with both calcium and hemodynamics available as a resource for the field. Proof-of-principle analyses revealed that calcium FC displayed coherent functional maps as early as P15, and FC significantly varied in connections between many regions across development, with the developmental trajectory's shape specific to the functional region. This longitudinal developmental calcium FC dataset provides an essential resource for further algorithm development and studies of healthy development and neurodevelopmental disorders.

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The development of human amygdala functional connectivity at rest from 4 to 23years: A cross-sectional study

NeuroImage ◽

10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.03.038 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 95 ◽

pp. 193-207 ◽

Cited By ~ 183

Author(s):

Laurel J. Gabard-Durnam ◽

Jessica Flannery ◽

Bonnie Goff ◽

Dylan G. Gee ◽

Kathryn L. Humphreys ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Functional Connectivity ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional

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Multiple breath washout (MBW) testing using sulfur hexafluoride: reference values and influence of anthropometric parameters

Thorax ◽

10.1136/thoraxjnl-2020-214717 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. thoraxjnl-2020-214717

Author(s):

Frederik Trinkmann ◽

Máté Maros ◽

Katharina Roth ◽

Arne Hermanns ◽

Julia Schäfer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Reference Values ◽

Sulfur Hexafluoride ◽

Early Adulthood ◽

Anthropometric Parameters ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Outcome Parameters ◽

Ventilation Heterogeneity ◽

Multiple Breath Washout ◽

Registration Number ◽

Never Smokers

BackgroundMultiple breath washout (MBW) using sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) has the potential to reveal ventilation heterogeneity which is frequent in patients with obstructive lung disease and associated small airway dysfunction. However, reference data are scarce for this technique and mostly restricted to younger cohorts. We therefore set out to evaluate the influence of anthropometric parameters on SF6-MBW reference values in pulmonary healthy adults.MethodsWe evaluated cross-sectional data from 100 pulmonary healthy never-smokers and smokers (mean 51 (SD 20), range 20–88 years). Lung clearance index (LCI), acinar (Sacin) and conductive (Scond) ventilation heterogeneity were derived from triplicate SF6-MBW measurements. Global ventilation heterogeneity was calculated for the 2.5% (LCI2.5) and 5% (LCI5) stopping points. Upper limit of normal (ULN) was defined as the 95th percentile.ResultsAge was the only meaningful parameter influencing SF6-MBW parameters, explaining 47% (CI 33% to 59%) of the variance in LCI, 32% (CI 18% to 47%) in Sacin and 10% (CI 2% to 22%) in Scond. Mean LCI increases from 6.3 (ULN 7.4) to 8.8 (ULN 9.9) in subjects between 20 and 90 years. Smoking accounted for 2% (CI 0% to 8%) of the variability in LCI, 4% (CI 0% to 13%) in Sacin and 3% (CI 0% to 13%) in Scond.ConclusionSF6-MBW outcome parameters showed an age-dependent increase from early adulthood to old age. The effect was most pronounced for global and acinar ventilation heterogeneity and smaller for conductive ventilation heterogeneity. No influence of height, weight and sex was seen. Reference values can now be provided for all important SF6-MBW outcome parameters over the whole age range.Trial registration numberNCT04099225.

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Health Literacy of Parents and Carers in a Regional Community: A Cross-Sectional Study

International Quarterly of Community Health Education ◽

10.1177/0272684x211022572 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 0272684X2110225

Author(s):

Matthew J. Leach ◽

Sue Nichols ◽

Sven Trenholm ◽

Martin Jones

Keyword(s):

Health Literacy ◽

Primary School ◽

Tertiary Education ◽

Functional Health ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Healthy Development ◽

School Aged Children ◽

Australian Community ◽

Literacy Scores ◽

The Impact

Background Supporting a child’s healthy development is determined, in part, by a parent’s ability to seek, access, interpret and effectively utilize health information. This aspect of parenting draws on a set of skills referred to as health literacy. Objective To assess the level of health literacy among parents/carers in a regional South Australian community. Methods Parents/carers of primary school-aged children, residing in Whyalla, South Australia, were invited to complete the 13-item All Aspects of Health Literacy Survey. Results 155 parents/carers completed the survey (79% mothers). Most participants were English-speaking (97%), employed (62%) and had 2–3 children (62%), with 52% completing tertiary education. Median total health literacy scores were mostly in the moderate-high range (median 27, IQR 26,27), as were critical health literacy scores (median 7, IQR 6,8). Higher scores were reported for functional health literacy (median 8, IQR 7,9), communicative health literacy (median 9, IQR 8,9) and empowerment health literacy (median 4, IQR 3,5). Conclusions Our findings reveal modest levels of health literacy among a sample of parents/carers of primary school-aged children in a regional South Australian community. Further work is needed to understand the differential effect of parental health literacy on child health outcomes, and the types of strategies that may mitigate the impact of these barriers on a child’s healthy development.

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Early adulthood psychiatric diagnoses and the subsequent risk of life-time incarceration: a cohort study

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291719002009 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 50 (11) ◽

pp. 1906-1913

Author(s):

Sophie D. Walsh ◽

Bruce P. Dohrenwend ◽

Itzhak Levav ◽

Mark Weiser ◽

Gilad Gal

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Psychiatric Disorders ◽

Early Adulthood ◽

Vital Statistics ◽

Birth Cohort Study ◽

Psychiatric Diagnoses ◽

Antisocial Personality ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Psychiatric Interview

AbstractBackgroundThe association between incarceration and psychiatric disorders has been noted. Yet, existing studies are cross-sectional or examine the risk of recidivism, which has limited the predictive validity of psychiatric disorders as a risk factor for incarceration. To overcome this limitation, this study used a prospective cohort to examine whether psychiatric diagnoses in early adulthood predicted incarceration throughout a 30-year follow-up. It tested the association between psychiatric diagnoses with future incarcerations, their number and durations, controlling for education and ethnic status.MethodsThis study merged data from three sources in Israel: a prospective 10-year birth cohort study of young adults aged 25–34, conducted in the 1980s (N = 4914) that included a psychiatric interview; data from the Prison Service, including the cause, number and duration of incarcerations; and from the Vital Statistics Registry on death records.ResultsMultivariate analysis showed that substance-use disorders, antisocial personality and lower levels of education predicted future incarceration, their number and maximum duration. The remainder diagnoses were not significantly associated with future incarceration.ConclusionsResults limited the prediction of future incarcerations to persons diagnosed with substance use and antisocial personality, and do not support an independent predictive association between additional psychiatric diagnoses and future incarceration.

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Developmental changes in cortisol secretion in normal and at-risk youth

Development and Psychopathology ◽

10.1017/s0954579401003169 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 721-732 ◽

Cited By ~ 126

Author(s):

ELAINE F. WALKER ◽

DEBORAH J. WALDER ◽

FELICIA REYNOLDS

Keyword(s):

Hpa Axis ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Psychiatric Symptoms ◽

Early Adulthood ◽

At Risk Youth ◽

Cortisol Secretion ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Axis Ii ◽

Schizotypal Personality ◽

Cortisol Levels

Adolescence is associated with an increase in the rate of certain psychiatric symptoms, and it is typically the developmental period when prodromal features of the major psychiatric disorders emerge. This is especially true of schizophrenia, with the majority of patients showing a marked postpubertal rise in schizotypal signs that predates the onset of clinical symptoms in early adulthood. Cross-sectional studies of youth have revealed a positive correlation between age and saliva cortisol level, suggesting a normative maturational increase in activity of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis. It has been hypothesized that this increase may trigger the expression of symptoms in vulnerable individuals. The present longitudinal study measured cortisol secretion and its relation with symptom development in samples of youth with schizotypal personality disorder (SPD), other personality disorders, or no Axis II disorder. The findings indicate moderate stability in cortisol levels across a 2-year period, with a longitudinal increase in cortisol levels over time. Cortisol levels at the first and second assessments were correlated with the severity of SPD symptoms at follow-up. The results are consistent with the notion that the HPA axis undergoes a postpubertal maturational process that moderates the expression of psychiatric symptoms.

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The Development of Ecstasy Use Among Juvenile Offenders and Risk Factors for Predicting Heterogeneity: A Group-Based Approach

Journal of Drug Issues ◽

10.1177/0022042618781100 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 48 (4) ◽

pp. 546-559 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Thomas W. Wojciechowski

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Juvenile Offenders ◽

Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽

Early Adulthood ◽

Personal Characteristics ◽

Self Control ◽

Group Model ◽

Critical Periods ◽

Developmental Patterns ◽

Peer Association

This study seeks to examine heterogeneity in developmental patterns of ecstasy use during adolescence and early adulthood among juvenile offenders and identify risk factors predicting development. Group-based trajectory modeling was utilized to elucidate heterogeneity in developmental patterns of ecstasy use. Multinomial logistic regression was utilized to identify covariates that affected the risk of assignment to groups elucidated in the trajectory model. A five-group model was found to best fit the ecstasy use data. Baseline measures of deviant peer association, self-control, other drug use, and race were identified as important risk factors predicting patterns of development. Risk of ecstasy use may be greatest for some juvenile offenders during critical periods of the life course and some social and personal characteristics that may elevate risk. Stability that is characteristic of self-control may be highly relevant for predicting persistent ecstasy use during adolescence and early adulthood.

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Assessment of knowledge regarding issues related to adolescence among male students in Allahabad district, India

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20184820 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (12) ◽

pp. 5375

Author(s):

Deepak Anand ◽

Khurshid Parveen ◽

Gyan Prakash

Keyword(s):

Sexually Transmitted Diseases ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Male Students ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Sexually Transmitted ◽

Healthy Development ◽

Important Means ◽

Level Of Knowledge ◽

Physical Changes

Background: Providing information about changes during adolescence and sexually transmitted diseases is an important means of promoting healthy development and reducing negative outcomes of social behaviors in adolescents. For this purpose we must know their level of knowledge. So this study was designed to assess the knowledge of male students of class VIth to IXth about issues related to adolescence, their attitude for sexuality related problem and their source of information.Methods: It is a cross-sectional study, sample size was 400. Data was collected between August 2017 and December 2017 by using structured questionnaire.Results: Regarding physical changes 4.5% students have no knowledge, 58.75% have some knowledge and 36.75% have satisfactory knowledge. Whereas 9.75% have no knowledge, 80.75% have some knowledge and 9.50% have satisfactory knowledge regarding sexually transmitted diseases. Only 24.75% students knew legal age for marriage.Conclusions: It was found in study that majority of students do not have satisfactory knowledge and there is a need for targeted education for providing proper knowledge.

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Association Between Pain with Disability in the Elderly with Dementia

Archives of Neuroscience ◽

10.5812/ans.119913 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol In Press (In Press) ◽

Author(s):

Masoud Hatefi ◽

Lida Nouri

Keyword(s):

Pain Score ◽

The Elderly ◽

Critical Periods ◽

Disability Score ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

People With Dementia ◽

Pain Status ◽

Degree Of Disability ◽

Disability Questionnaire ◽

The Relationship

Background: Elderly is one of the most important and critical periods of life, and paying attention to the issues and problems of this period is very important. Objectives: The present study was performed to investigate the relationship between pain and disability in the elderly with dementia in 2021. Methods: In the present cross-sectional descriptive study, 120 elderly people with dementia were included. The instruments used in the four sections were the demographic profile form, the P-APS pain observation tool, and Stanford Disability Questionnaire questions. the researcher identified the elderly with dementia by available sampling method and if the elderly with dementia were eligible and written informed consent was obtained from the elderly and their primary caregivers, the questionnaires were completed. Conditions of pain and disability were described by descriptive tests, and then the relationship between pain and the degree of disability in patients was analyzed by statistical analysis using SPSS16 software. Results: The results showed mean (SD) pain score was 14.45 (4.23), disability score was 12.75 (3.09), and fall score was 37 (30.8%). According to pain score status classification, 4 (3.3%) of the elderly had no pain, 8 (6.7%) had mild pain, 27 (22.5%) had moderate pain, and 81 (67.5%) had severe pain. There is a significant relationship between pain status and disability in the elderly with dementia. By increase in pain, the patients had more disability (P = 0.000, F = 79.971). Conclusions: As the pain increased, the disability of the elderly with dementia decreased. For this reason, preventive interventions are explained in this field.

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Lifespan trajectories of relative corpus callosum thickness: regional differences and cognitive relevance.

10.31234/osf.io/v58s4 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Vilde M. Danielsen ◽

Didac Vidal Pineiro ◽

Athanasia M. Mowinckel ◽

Donatas Sederevicius ◽

Anders M. Fjell ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Corpus Callosum ◽

Early Adulthood ◽

Structural Connectivity ◽

Older Age ◽

Lifespan Development ◽

Valuable Insight ◽

Structural Development ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Visual Spatial ◽

Age Related

The cerebral hemispheres are specialized for different cognitive functions and receive divergent information from the sensory organs, so that the interaction between the hemispheres is a crucial aspect of perception and cognition. At the same time, the major fiber tract responsible for this interaction, the corpus callosum, shows a structural development across the lifespan which is over-proportional. That is, compared to changes in overall forebrain volume, the corpus callosum shows an accentuated growth during childhood, adolescence, and early adulthood, as well as pronounced decline in older age. However, this over-proportionality of growth and decline along with potential consequences for cognition, have been largely overlooked in empirical research. In the present study we systematically address the proportionality of callosal development in a large mixed cross-sectional and longitudinal sample (1867 datasets from 1014 unique participants), covering the human lifespan (age range 4 to 93 years), and examine the cognitive consequences of the observed changes. Relative corpus callosum thickness was measured at 60 segments along the midsagittal surface, and lifespan trajectories were clustered to identify callosal subsections of comparable lifespan development. While confirming the expected inverted u-shaped lifespan trajectories, we also found substantial regional variation. Compared with anterior clusters, posterior sections exhibited an accentuated growth during development which extends well into the third decade of life, and a protracted decline in older age which is delayed by about 10 years (starting mid to late 50s). We further showed that the observed longitudinal changes in relative thickness of the mid splenium significantly mediates age-related changes in tests assessing verbal knowledge and non-verbal visual-spatial abilities across the lifespan. In summary, we demonstrate that analyzing the proportionality of callosal growth and decline offers valuable insight into lifespan development of structural connectivity between the hemispheres, and suggests consequences for the cognitive development of perception and cognition.

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Parental Education, Ethnicity, and Functional Connectivity between Nucleus Accumbens and Frontoparietal Network

10.5772/intechopen.101335 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Shervin Assari

Keyword(s):

Nucleus Accumbens ◽

Functional Connectivity ◽

Resting State ◽

Parental Education ◽

Black People ◽

Right Hemisphere ◽

Latino Youth ◽

Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Frontoparietal Network

While studies have indicated an association between socioeconomic status (SES) and neuroimaging measures, weaker SES effects are shown for Blacks than Whites. This is, in part, due to processes such as stratification, racism, minoritization, and othering of Black people in the United States. However, less is known about Latino youth. This study had two aims: First, to test the association between parental education and the right and left nucleus accumbens (NAcc) resting-state functional connectivity with the frontoparietal network (FPN) in children; and second, to investigate ethnic heterogeneity in this association. This cross-sectional study used data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study. We analyzed the resting-state functional connectivity data (rsFC) of 10,840 US preadolescents who were between 9 and 10 years old. The main outcomes were the NAcc resting-state functional connectivity with FPN separately calculated for right and left hemispheres. Parental education was our independent variable. Family structure, sex, and age were covariates. Furthermore, ethnicity (Latino vs. non-Latino) was regarded as the moderator. We used mixed-effects regression for data analysis with and without interaction terms between parental education and ethnicity. Most participants (n = 8690; 80.2%) were non-Latino and 2150 (19.8%) were Latino. Parental education was associated with higher right and left NAcc resting-state functional connectivity with FPN. Ethnicity showed statistically significant interactions with parental education, suggesting that the positive associations between parental education and right and left NAcc resting-state functional connectivity with FPN were different in non-Latino and Latino children. For right hemisphere, we found significantly stronger and for left hemisphere, we found significantly weaker association for Latino compared with non-Latino preadolescents. Preadolescents’ NAcc resting-state functional connectivity with FPN depends on the intersections of ethnicity, parental education, and laterality.

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