scholarly journals Circulatory systems and mortality rates

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gurdip Uppal ◽  
Dervis Can Vural
Keyword(s):  
Complex Systems ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Theoretic Model ◽  
Convection Diffusion ◽  
Multiple Factors ◽  
Theories Of Aging ◽  
Flow Parameters ◽  
Macroscopic Structure ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Subcellular Processes

Aging is a complex process involving multiple factors and subcellular processes, ultimately leading to the death of an organism. The microscopic processes that cause aging are relatively well understood and effective macroscopic theories help explain the universality of aging in complex systems. However, these theories fail to explain the diversity of aging observed for various lifeforms. As such, more complete "mesoscopic" theories of aging are needed, combining the biophysical details of microscopic failure and the macroscopic structure of complex systems. Here we explore two models: (1) a network theoretic model, and (2) a convection diffusion model emphasizing the biophysical details of communicated signals. The first model allows us to explore the effects of connectivity structures on aging. In our second model, cells interact through cooperative and antagonistic factors. We find by varying the ratio at which these factors affect cell death, as well as the reaction kinetics, diffusive and flow parameters, we obtain a wide diversity of mortality curves. As such, the connectivity structures as well as the biophysical details of how various factors are transported in an organism may explain the diversity of aging observed across different lifeforms.

The Simulation of the Ship Production Design Process Based on Hierarchical Timed Petri Net

2012 ◽  
Vol 544 ◽  
pp. 170-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Yan ◽  
Ping Jiang ◽  
Wei Jia Li ◽  
Jun Yan ◽  
Long Wen
Keyword(s):  
Complex Systems ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Petri Net ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
Sea Transport ◽  
Timed Petri Net ◽  
Project Environment ◽  
Complex Process

Shipbuilding is a very important industry for its irreplaceable role into the sea transport and oceans exploration. But ship production design is a very complex process, causing the inefficiency of the shipbuilding. At the same time, the current situation of most shipbuilding enterprises is the multi-project environment and the resources among them are shared, the large and complex systems are hardly to simulate. In this research, a multi-resources oriented hierarchical timed petri net (HTPN) are constructed to model the ship production design process under the multi-project environment and a WFPN software is developed based on HTPN. To evaluate the efficiency and applicability of WFPN, a case study is conducted and the results show that it’s practicable. Beside on it, the analyses of the resource loads are also providing a way to promote the efficiency of the shipbuilding enterprises.

scholarly journals Loss of dmrt1 restores zebrafish female fates in the absence of cyp19a1a but not rbpms2a/b

Development ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 147 (18) ◽  
pp. dev190942
Author(s):  
Shannon Romano ◽  
Odelya H. Kaufman ◽  
Florence L. Marlow
Keyword(s):  
Sex Determination ◽  
Somatic Tissue ◽  
Male Factor ◽  
Fate Specification ◽  
Multiple Factors ◽  
Apply Genetic ◽  
Specific Differentiation ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Genetic Epistasis

ABSTRACTSex determination and differentiation is a complex process regulated by multiple factors, including factors from the germline or surrounding somatic tissue. In zebrafish, sex-determination involves establishment of a bipotential ovary that undergoes sex-specific differentiation and maintenance to form the functional adult gonad. However, the relationships among these factors are not fully understood. Here, we identify potential Rbpms2 targets and apply genetic epistasis experiments to decipher the genetic hierarchy of regulators of sex-specific differentiation. We provide genetic evidence that the crucial female factor rbpms2 is epistatic to the male factor dmrt1 in terms of adult sex. Moreover, the role of Rbpms2 in promoting female fates extends beyond repression of Dmrt1, as Rbpms2 is essential for female differentiation even in the absence of Dmrt1. In contrast, female fates can be restored in mutants lacking both cyp19a1a and dmrt1, and prolonged in bmp15 mutants in the absence of dmrt1. Taken together, this work indicates that cyp19a1a-mediated suppression of dmrt1 establishes a bipotential ovary and initiates female fate acquisition. Then, after female fate specification, Cyp19a1a regulates subsequent oocyte maturation and sustains female fates independently of Dmrt1 repression.

scholarly journals Utility of Procalcitonin as a Biomarker for Sepsis in Children

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin J. Downes ◽  
Julie C. Fitzgerald ◽  
Scott L. Weiss
Keyword(s):  
Host Response ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Sepsis Management ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Significant Research ◽  
Sepsis Risk ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
Pediatric Sepsis

ABSTRACT Sepsis is a complex process defined as life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. It is associated with significant morbidity and mortality rates in both adults and children, and emphasis has been placed on its early recognition and prompt provision of antimicrobials. Owing to limitations of current diagnostic tests (i.e., poor sensitivity and delayed results), significant research has been conducted to identify sepsis biomarkers. Ideally, a biomarker could reliably and rapidly distinguish bacterial infection from other, noninfectious causes of systemic inflammatory illness. In doing so, a sepsis biomarker could be used for earlier identification of sepsis, risk stratification/prognostication, and/or guidance of antibiotic decision-making. In this minireview, we review one of the most common clinically used sepsis biomarkers, procalcitonin, and its roles in sepsis management in these three areas. We highlight key findings in the adult literature but focus the bulk of this review on pediatric sepsis. The challenges and limitations of procalcitonin measurement in sepsis are also discussed.

Numerical Analysis of the Sulcus Vocalis Disorder on the Function of the Vocal Folds

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 513-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Vazifehdoostsaleh ◽  
N. Fatouraee ◽  
M. Navidbakhsh ◽  
F. Izadi
Keyword(s):  
Stokes Equations ◽  
Vocal Folds ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Navier Stokes ◽  
Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian ◽  
Navier Stokes Equations ◽  
Flow Parameters ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Sulcus Vocalis ◽  
First Time

AbstractSpeaking is a very complex process resulting from the interaction between the air flow along the larynx and the vibrating structure of the vocal folds. Sulcus is a disease missing layers in the vocal folds result in cracks resulting in some disorders in producing sounds. Sulcus and its effects on the vocal cord vibrations are numerically studied for the first time in this paper. An ideal model of healthy vocal folds and Sulcus vocalis has been two-dimensionally defined and the finite element model of vocal folds is solved in a fully coupled form. The proposed calculative model was used in a fluid range of the computational fluid dynamics, arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE), incompressible continuity and Navier-Stokes equations and in a structure range of a three-layer elastic linear model. Self-excited oscillations were presented for vocal folds among type II patients and compared with healthy models. Responses were qualitatively and quantitatively studied. The healthy model was compared with numerical and empirical results. In addition, the effects of the disease on the flow parameters and the vibration frequency of the vocal folds were studied. According to the simulated model, the oscillation frequency decreased 25% and the average and instantaneous volume flux significantly increased compared to healthy samples. Results may help present a guideline for surgery and subsequently evaluate patients’ improvement.

scholarly journals Loss of dmrt1 restores female fates in the absence of cyp19a1a but not rbpms2

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shannon Romano ◽  
Odelya H. Kaufman ◽  
Florence L. Marlow
Keyword(s):  
Sex Determination ◽  
Somatic Tissue ◽  
Male Factor ◽  
Fate Specification ◽  
Multiple Factors ◽  
Apply Genetic ◽  
Specific Differentiation ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Genetic Epistasis ◽  
Bipotential Gonad

AbstractSex determination and differentiation is a complex process regulated by multiple factors, including factors from the germline or surrounding somatic tissue. In zebrafish, sex-determination begins with establishment of a bipotential gonad that undergoes sex-specific differentiation and maintenance to form the functional adult gonad. However, the relationships among these factors are not fully understood. Here we identify potential Rbpms2 targets and apply genetic epistasis experiments to decipher the genetic hierarchy of regulators of sex-specific differentiation. We provide evidence that the critical female factor, rbpms2 is epistatic to the male factor dmrt1 in terms of adult sex. Moreover, Rbpms2’s role in promoting female fates extends beyond repression of Dmrt1, as Rbpms2 is essential for female differentiation even in the absence of Dmrt1. In contrast, female fates can be restored in mutants lacking cyp19a1a in the absence of dmrt1. Taken together this work indicates that Cyp19a1a-mediated suppression of Dmrt1 is key to establish a bipotential gonad and initiate female fate acquisition, possibly by promoting rbpms2. Then, after female fate specification, Cyp19a1a regulates subsequent oocyte maturation and sustains female fates independent of Dmrt1 repression.Author SummaryWe show that cyp19a1a-mediated suppression of dmrt1 establishes a bipotential gonad and female fate acquisition, possibly through rbpms2 which is required for female fates, even in the absence of Dmrt1.

A Complex Systems Paradox of Organizational Learning and Knowledge Management

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 53-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soheil Ghili ◽  
Serima Nazarian ◽  
Madjid Tavana ◽  
Sepehr Keyvanshokouhi ◽  
Mohammad Taghi Isaai
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Management ◽  
Organizational Learning ◽  
Complex Systems ◽  
Systems Theory ◽  
Complexity Theory ◽  
Organizational Innovation ◽  
Economic Environment ◽  
Complex Process

Many organizations are striving to survive and remain competitive in the current uncertain and rapidly changing economic environment. Businesses must innovate to face this volatility and maintain their competitiveness. Organizational learning is a complex process with many interrelated elements linking knowledge management with organizational innovation. In this paper we use several theories (i.e., organizational learning, knowledge management, organizational innovation, complexity theory, and systems theory) to discover and study the interrelationships among the organizational learning elements. The purpose of this paper is threefold: (1) We identify organizational learning as a mediating variable between knowledge management and organizational innovation; (2) We further present a paradox where decisions that are expected to improve organizational learning, surprisingly do not work; and (3) We show this paradox is not the result of overlooking organizational learning elements, but rather, caused by neglecting to consider the complex interrelationships and interdependencies among them.

scholarly journals Re-modelling scientific change: complex systems frames innovative problem solving

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-12
Author(s):  
Cliff Hooker
Keyword(s):  
Complex System ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Complex Systems ◽  
Philosophy Of Science ◽  
Scientific Change ◽  
Science Of Science ◽  
Complex Process

Complex systems are used, studied and instantiated in science, with what consequences? To be clear and systematic in response it is necessary to distinguish the consequences, (i) for science, of science using and studying complex systems, (ii) for philosophy of science, of science using and studying complex systems, (iii) for philosophy of science, of philosophy of science modelling science as a complex system. Each of these is explored in turn, especially (iii). While (iii) has been least studied, it will be shown how modelling science as a complex process may change our conception of science and thereby query what a philosophy of science adequate to this complexity might look like.

scholarly journals Formulation of Low Peclet Number Based Grid Expansion Factor for the Solution of the Convection Diffusion Equation

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 2680-2684
Author(s):  
A. Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Peclet Number ◽  
Computational Domain ◽  
Expansion Factor ◽  
Structured Decision Making ◽  
Péclet Number ◽  
Convection Diffusion ◽  
Convection Diffusion Equation ◽  
Flow Parameters ◽  
Dimensional Parameters ◽  
Logarithmic Relationship

Convection-diffusion problems, due to its fundamental nature, are found in various science and engineering applications. In this research, the importance of the relationship between grid structure and flow parameters in such problems is emphasized. In particular, we propose a systematic technique in the selection of the grid expansion factor based on its logarithmic relationship with low Peclet number. Such linear mathematical connection between the two non-dimensional parameters serves as a guideline for more structured decision-making and improves the heuristic process in the determination of the computational domain grid for the numerical solution of convection-diffusion equations especially in the prediction of the concentration of the scalar. Results confirm the effectiveness of the new approach.

scholarly journals Fractional Field Theory Approach to Protein Folding Dynamics

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hosein Nasrolahpour
Keyword(s):  
Field Theory ◽  
Protein Folding ◽  
Fractional Calculus ◽  
Complex Systems ◽  
Theoretical Approach ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Biological Complexity ◽  
Modeling Tool ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Folding Dynamics

AbstractUnderstanding biological complexity is one of the most important scientific challenges nowadays. Protein folding is a complex process involving many interactions between the molecules. Fractional calculus is an effective modeling tool for complex systems and processes. In this work we have proposed a new fractional field theoretical approach to protein folding.

scholarly journals Analyzing policy processes as complex systems: The case of Mesoamerican Sustainable Development Initiative.Analyzing policy processes as complex systems: Mesoamerican Sustainable Development Initiative.

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (1/2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Almaguer-Kalixto ◽  
José A. Amozurrutia ◽  
Chaime Marcuello Servós
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Complex Systems ◽  
Policy Process ◽  
Regional Integration ◽  
Central American ◽  
Global Level ◽  
Policy Action ◽  
Southern States ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Total Process

This paper presents a research methodology for analyzing policy processes that are defined at the global level but implemented locally. The interrelations between these two levels pose great conceptual challenges in explaining the changes, transformations and continuations occurring in this complex process based on empirical information. Understanding the policy process as a complex system, this paper proposes analyzing macro, meso and micro levels as subsystems of the total process, identifying the interrelations between policy action, actors and discourses. The paper takes the example of the Mesoamerican Sustainable Development Initiative (MSDI) of the Puebla Panama Plan (PPP), a regional integration plan for a new ‘Mesoamerica’ that originally included the seven Central American countries and the southern states of Mexico.

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