scholarly journals Prevalence of Long COVID symptoms in Bangladesh: A Prospective Inception Cohort Study of COVID-19 survivors.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Anwar Hossain ◽  
K M Amran Hossain ◽  
Karen Saunders ◽  
Zakir Uddin ◽  
Lori Maria Walton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Functional Limitation ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Inception Cohort ◽  
Persistent Symptoms ◽  
Respiratory Parameters ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Health Initiatives ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Background: The aim of this study was to identify the prevalence of 'Long COVID' symptoms (LCS) in a large cohort of survivors and identify any potential associated risk factors. Methods: A prospective survey was undertaken of an inception cohort of confirmed COVID-19 survivors (Aged 18 to 87 years). 14392 participants were recruited from 24 testing facilities across Bangladesh between June, and November 2020. All participants had a previously confirmed positive COVID-19 diagnosis, and reported persistent symptoms and difficulties in performing daily activities. Participants who consented, were contacted by telephone, and were interviewed regarding LCS, and restriction of activities of daily living. Cardio-respiratory parameters were also measured. Statistical analysis included binary logistic and multiple linear regressions were performed with LCS as the dependent variable. Associated risk factors were identified using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). Findings: Among 2198 participants, the prevalence of LCS at 12 weeks was 16.1%. Overall, eight LCS were identified and in descending order of prominence are: fatigue, pain, dyspnea, cough, anosmia, appetite loss, headache, and chest pain. COVID survivors experienced between 1 to 5 LCS with an overall duration period of 21.8 SD 5.2 weeks. SEM predicted the length of LCS to be related to younger age, female gender, rural residence, prior functional limitation and smoking. Interpretation: In this cohort of survivors, at 31 weeks post diagnosis, the prevalence of LCS was 16.1%. The risk factors identified for presence and longer length of LCS warrant further research and consideration to support public health initiatives. Funding: No funding

scholarly journals Prevalence of Long COVID symptoms in Bangladesh: a prospective Inception Cohort Study of COVID-19 survivors

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. e006838
Author(s):  
Mohammad Anwar Hossain ◽  
K M Amran Hossain ◽  
Karen Saunders ◽  
Zakir Uddin ◽  
Lori Maria Walton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Functional Limitation ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Inception Cohort ◽  
Persistent Symptoms ◽  
Health Initiatives ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

BackgroundThe objective of this study was to identify the prevalence of long COVID symptoms in a large cohort of people living with and affected by long COVID and identify any potential associated risk factors.MethodsA prospective survey was undertaken of an inception cohort of confirmed people living with and affected by long COVID (aged 18–87 years). 14392 participants were recruited from 24 testing facilities across Bangladesh between June and November 2020. All participants had a previously confirmed positive COVID-19 diagnosis, and reported persistent symptoms and difficulties in performing daily activities. Participants who consented were contacted by face-to-face interview, and were interviewed regarding long COVID, and restriction of activities of daily living using post COVID-19 functional status scale. Cardiorespiratory parameters measured at rest (heart rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, oxygen saturation levels, maximal oxygen consumption, inspiratory and expiratory lung volume) were also measured.ResultsAmong 2198 participants, the prevalence of long COVID symptoms at 12 weeks was 16.1%. Overall, eight long COVID symptoms were identified and in descending order of prominence are: fatigue, pain, dyspnoea, cough, anosmia, appetite loss, headache and chest pain. People living with and affected by long COVID experienced between 1 and 8 long COVID symptoms with an overall duration period of 21.8±5.2 weeks. Structural equation modelling predicted the length of long COVID to be related to younger age, female gender, rural residence, prior functional limitation and smoking.ConclusionIn this cohort, at 31 weeks post diagnosis, the prevalence of long COVID symptoms was 16.1%. The risk factors identified for presence and longer length of long COVID symptoms warrant further research and consideration to support public health initiatives.

Stress, anxiety, depression and burnout in frontline health care workers during COVID-19 pandemic: a brief systematic review and new data from Russia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Mosolova ◽  
Dmitry Sosin ◽  
Sergey Mosolov
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Anxiety Depression ◽  
The Impact

During the COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare workers (HCWs) have been subject to increased workload while also exposed to many psychosocial stressors. In a systematic review we analyze the impact that the pandemic has had on HCWs mental state and associated risk factors. Most studies reported high levels of depression and anxiety among HCWs worldwide, however, due to a wide range of assessment tools, cut-off scores, and number of frontline participants in the studies, results were difficult to compare. Our study is based on two online surveys of 2195 HCWs from different regions of Russia during spring and autumn epidemic outbreaks revealed the rates of anxiety, stress, depression, emotional exhaustion and depersonalization and perceived stress as 32.3%, 31.1%, 45.5%, 74.2%, 37.7% ,67.8%, respectively. Moreover, 2.4% of HCWs reported suicidal thoughts. The most common risk factors include: female gender, nurse as an occupation, younger age, working for over 6 months, chronic diseases, smoking, high working demands, lack of personal protective equipment, low salary, lack of social support, isolation from families, the fear of relatives getting infected. These results demonstrate the need for urgent supportive programs for HCWs fighting COVID-19 that fall into higher risk factors groups.

Incidence of postural headache after lumbar puncture requiring epidural blood patch: Effects of needle caliber; 2-year experience

2021 ◽  
pp. 197140092110006
Author(s):  
Warren Chang ◽  
Ajla Kadribegic ◽  
Kate Denham ◽  
Matthew Kulzer ◽  
Tyson Tragon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Lumbar Puncture ◽  
Conservative Management ◽  
Epidural Blood Patch ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Regional Hospital ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Blood Patch ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Difference

Purpose A common complication of lumbar puncture (LP) is postural headaches. Epidural blood patches are recommended if patients fail conservative management. Owing to a perceived increase in the number of post-lumbar puncture headaches (PLPHs) requiring epidural blood patches at a regional hospital in our network, the decision was made to switch from 20 to 22 gauge needles for routine diagnostic LPs. Materials and methods Patients presenting for LP and myelography at one network regional hospital were included in the study. The patients were contacted by nursing staff 3 days post-procedure; those patients who still had postural headaches after conservative management and received epidural blood patches were considered positive cases. In total, 292 patients were included; 134 underwent LP with 20-gauge needles (53 male, 81 female, average age 57.7) and 158 underwent LP with 22-gauge needles (79 male, 79 female, average age 54.6). Results Of 134 patients undergoing LP with 20-gauge needles, 15 (11%) had PLPH requiring epidural blood patch (11 female, 3 male, average age 38). Of 158 patients undergoing LP with 22-gauge needles, only 5 (3%) required epidural blood patches (all female, average age 43). The difference was statistically significant ( p < 0.01). Risk factors for PLPH included female gender, younger age, lower body mass index, history of prior PLPH and history of headaches. Conclusion Switching from 20-gauge to 22-gauge needles significantly decreased the incidence of PLPH requiring epidural blood patch. Narrower gauge or non-cutting needles should be considered in patients with risk factors for PLPH, allowing for CSF requirements.

Pattern of Congenital Heart Diseases and Associated Risk Factors among Children at a Tertiary Care Hospital

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 2451-2453
Author(s):  
Shahid Iqbal ◽  
Muhammad Fareed Khan ◽  
Raja Imtiaz Ahmed ◽  
Shahab Saidullah ◽  
Nisar Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Folic Acid ◽  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Febrile Illness ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
History Of ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Objective: To find out the pattern of CHD and associated risk factors among children presenting at a tertiary care hospital. Study Design: A case-control study. Place and Duration of the Study: The Department of Pediatrics and Department of Cardiology, Sheikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Al Nahyan Hospital, Rawlakot from July 2020 to June 2021. Material and Methods: A total of 207 children of both genders, screened by ECG along with chest x-ray and further confirmed with the diagnosis of CHD through echocardiography were enrolled as cases. Same number of healthy controls (n=207) were recruited from immunization center of the study institution. Among cases, types of CHD were noted. For cases and controls, demographic, antenatal and maternal risk factors including maternal age, gender of the child, history of consanguinity, history of febrile illness in pregnancy, use or multi-vitamin or folic acid in pregnancy, bad obstetrical history and maternal diabetes mellitus were noted. Results: In a total of 414 children (207 cases and 207 controls), there were 219 (53.8%) male. In terms of CHD types among cases, VSD was the most noted in 62 (30.0%), ASD 35 (16.9%), TOF 33 (15.9%) and PDA in 30 (14.5%). Cases were found to have significant association with younger age (78.3% cases below 1 year of age vs. 64.7% in controls, p=0.0085), bad obstetrical history (p=0.0002), history of febrile illness in 1st trimester of pregnancy (p=0.0229) and lack of multivitamins and folic acid in the 1st trimester of pregnancy (p=0.0147). Conclusion: Majority of the children with CHDs were male and aged below 1 year. VSD, ASD, TOF and PDA were the most frequent types of CHD. Younger age, bad obstetrical history, history of febrile illness in 1st trimester of pregnancy and lack of multivitamins and folic acid in the 1st trimester of pregnancy were found to have significant association with CHDs among children. Keywords: Congenital heart disease, echocardiography, ventricular septal defect.

scholarly journals Prevalence, incidence and associated risk factors of STIs during pregnancy in South Africa

2020 ◽  
pp. sextrans-2020-054631
Author(s):  
Dorothy Chiwoniso Nyemba ◽  
Andrew Medina-Marino ◽  
Remco P H Peters ◽  
Jeffrey D Klausner ◽  
Phuti Ngwepe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Birth Outcomes ◽  
Syndromic Management ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Pregnancy And Birth Outcomes ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Pregnancy And Birth

ObjectiveSTIs during pregnancy increase adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes and may increase HIV risk. STI syndromic management is standard of care in South Africa. Our study evaluated the prevalence and incidence of STIs in pregnant women and the associated risk factors.MethodsWe combined data from two prospective observational studies of pregnant women enrolled while attending their first antenatal clinic (ANC) visit in Tshwane District and Cape Town. Women ≥18 years were tested at first ANC visit and at their first postpartum visit for Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Trichomonas vaginalis using Xpert assays (Cepheid, USA). We evaluated the prevalence and incidence of STI and the associated risk factors using multivariable regression models.ResultsWe enrolled 669 pregnant women, 64% (n=427) from Tshwane District and 36% (n=242) from Cape Town; 80% (n=534) were women living with HIV (WLHIV) and 20% (n=135) without HIV. At enrolment, 37% (n=250) were diagnosed with at least one STI, of which 76% (n=190) were asymptomatic. STI prevalence was 40% (n=213) in WLHIV and 27% (n=37) in women without HIV (p=0.01). Baseline STI infection was associated with younger age (OR=0.95 per year, 95% CI 0.92 to 0.98), higher gestational age (adjusted OR (aOR)=1.03 per week, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.05), single relationship status (aOR=1.53, 95% CI 1.09 to 2.15) and HIV status (aOR=1.86, 95% CI 1.17 to 2.95). Of 419 participants with no STI at baseline, 21 had an incident STI during follow-up, with a mean follow-up time of 140 days. The incidence rate of STI during pregnancy and early post partum was 15 infections per 100 women-years (95% CI 9 to 23). Younger age was associated with STI incidence.ConclusionOur study shows high prevalence and incidence of STIs in pregnancy, especially in WLHIV, demonstrating the need for STI screening in ANC to prevent adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes. Most STI cases were asymptomatic and would have gone untreated with syndromic management. Aetiological STI screening is urgently needed to reduce the burden of STIs in pregnancy.

scholarly journals The Prevalence and Risk Factors for Symptomatic Dry Eye in Adults in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 277-282
Author(s):  
Anas Abdulaziz Almujalli ◽  
Abdulaziz Abdullah Almatrafi ◽  
Anas Abdullah Aldael ◽  
Talal Waleed Aljudi ◽  
Bahaa-Eldin Hasan Abdulhalim
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Dry Eye ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Contact Lenses ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Objectives: The objective of this study is to estimate the prevalence of symptomatic suspected dry eye, diagnosed dry eye syndrome (DES), and associated risk factors; in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 654 participants was employed using a self-administered semi-structured questionnaire that included demographic characteristics like age, gender, and risk factors (smoking, using contact lenses, chronic comorbidities, etc.). Results: There were 266 (40.7%) previously diagnosed DES participants and 388 (59.3%) non-diagnosed DES, of which 497 were female and 157 were male. Females had a significantly higher rate of diagnosed DES than males (p<0.001), with a significant increase in the rate of DES diagnosis with age (p<0.001). There was also a significant increase in DES in participants with diabetes mellitus, allergic eye, thyroid eye, and skin diseases, as well as having undergone laser surgery or using contact lenses. There was no significant increase in DES in cases of smoking, daily use of electronic devices, or duration of sleep. Conclusion: The prevalence of dry eye among adults in Riyadh was 46.6%, with the most important risk factors being female gender, increasing age, Lasik refractive surgery, skin disease around the eye, and thyroid eye disease.

scholarly journals Cross-Sectional Investigation of Stress Fractures in German Elite Triathletes

Sports ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neidel ◽  
Wolfram ◽  
Hotfiel ◽  
Engelhardt ◽  
Koch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Professional Community ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Stress Fractures ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Competitive Athletes ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Retrospective Questionnaire

Triathlon is a popular sport for both recreational and competitive athletes. This study investigated the rates and patterns of stress fractures in the German national triathlon squad. We developed a web-based retrospective questionnaire containing questions about the frequency of stress fractures, anatomic localisation and associated risk factors. The survey was conducted as an explorative cross-sectional study. Eighty-six athletes completed the questionnaire. Twenty athletes (23%) sustained at least one stress fracture. All documented stress fractures were located in the lower extremities. Factors associated with a higher risk for stress fractures were female gender, competitive sport prior to triathlon career, Vitamin D or iron deficiency, menstrual disturbances and a high number of annual training hours. Disseminating knowledge among athletes and their professional community in order to raise awareness about early symptoms and relevant risk factors could help to improve prevention and reduce the incidence of stress fractures.

scholarly journals Spatial Analysis of HIV Infection and Associated Risk Factors in Botswana

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 3424
Author(s):  
Malebogo Solomon ◽  
Luis Furuya-Kanamori ◽  
Kinley Wangdi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
Scan Statistics ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Botswana has the third highest human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevalence globally, and the severity of the epidemic within the country varies considerably between the districts. This study aimed to identify clusters of HIV and associated factors among adults in Botswana. Data from the Botswana Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) Impact Survey IV (BIAS IV), a nationally representative household-based survey, were used for this study. Multivariable logistic regression and Kulldorf’s scan statistics were used to identify the risk factors and HIV clusters. Socio-demographic characteristics were compared within and outside the clusters. HIV prevalence among the study participants was 25.1% (95% CI 23.3–26.4). HIV infection was significantly higher among the female gender, those older than 24 years and those reporting the use of condoms, while tertiary education had a protective effect. Two significant HIV clusters were identified, one located between Selibe-Phikwe and Francistown and another in the Central Mahalapye district. Clusters had higher levels of unemployment, less people with tertiary education and more people residing in rural areas compared to regions outside the clusters. Our study identified high-risk populations and regions with a high burden of HIV infection in Botswana. This calls for focused innovative and cost-effective HIV interventions on these vulnerable populations and regions to curb the HIV epidemic in Botswana.

scholarly journals Stress, Anxiety, Depression and Burnout in Frontline Healthcare Workers during COVID-19 Pandemic in Russia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Mosolova ◽  
Dmitry Sosin ◽  
Sergey Mosolov
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Online Surveys ◽  
Saint Petersburg ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Frontline Healthcare Workers ◽  
Anxiety Depression ◽  
Regions Of Russia

During the COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare workers (HCWs) have been subject to increased workload while also exposed to many psychosocial stressors. Most studies reported high levels of depression and anxiety among HCWs worldwide. Our study is based on two online surveys of 2195 HCWs from different regions of Russia during spring and autumn epidemic outbreaks revealed the rates of anxiety, stress, depression, emotional exhaustion and depersonalization and perceived stress as 32.3%, 31.1%, 45.5%, 74.2%, 37.7%,67.8%, respectively. Moreover, 2.4% of HCWs reported suicidal thoughts. Revealed risk factors included: female gender, younger age, working for over 6 months, living outside of Moscow or Saint Petersburg, the fear of getting infected or infecting family and friends. These results demonstrate the need for urgent supportive programs for HCWs fighting COVID-19 that fall into higher risk factors groups.

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