The epidemiology of Achilles tendon re-rupture and associated risk factors: male gender, younger age and traditional immobilising rehabilitation are risk factors

During the COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare workers (HCWs) have been subject to increased workload while also exposed to many psychosocial stressors. In a systematic review we analyze the impact that the pandemic has had on HCWs mental state and associated risk factors. Most studies reported high levels of depression and anxiety among HCWs worldwide, however, due to a wide range of assessment tools, cut-off scores, and number of frontline participants in the studies, results were difficult to compare. Our study is based on two online surveys of 2195 HCWs from different regions of Russia during spring and autumn epidemic outbreaks revealed the rates of anxiety, stress, depression, emotional exhaustion and depersonalization and perceived stress as 32.3%, 31.1%, 45.5%, 74.2%, 37.7% ,67.8%, respectively. Moreover, 2.4% of HCWs reported suicidal thoughts. The most common risk factors include: female gender, nurse as an occupation, younger age, working for over 6 months, chronic diseases, smoking, high working demands, lack of personal protective equipment, low salary, lack of social support, isolation from families, the fear of relatives getting infected. These results demonstrate the need for urgent supportive programs for HCWs fighting COVID-19 that fall into higher risk factors groups.

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Pattern of Congenital Heart Diseases and Associated Risk Factors among Children at a Tertiary Care Hospital

10.53350/pjmhs211592451 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (9) ◽

pp. 2451-2453

Author(s):

Shahid Iqbal ◽

Muhammad Fareed Khan ◽

Raja Imtiaz Ahmed ◽

Shahab Saidullah ◽

Nisar Ahmed ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Folic Acid ◽

Congenital Heart ◽

Tertiary Care Hospital ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Febrile Illness ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Younger Age ◽

History Of ◽

Associated Risk Factors

Objective: To find out the pattern of CHD and associated risk factors among children presenting at a tertiary care hospital. Study Design: A case-control study. Place and Duration of the Study: The Department of Pediatrics and Department of Cardiology, Sheikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Al Nahyan Hospital, Rawlakot from July 2020 to June 2021. Material and Methods: A total of 207 children of both genders, screened by ECG along with chest x-ray and further confirmed with the diagnosis of CHD through echocardiography were enrolled as cases. Same number of healthy controls (n=207) were recruited from immunization center of the study institution. Among cases, types of CHD were noted. For cases and controls, demographic, antenatal and maternal risk factors including maternal age, gender of the child, history of consanguinity, history of febrile illness in pregnancy, use or multi-vitamin or folic acid in pregnancy, bad obstetrical history and maternal diabetes mellitus were noted. Results: In a total of 414 children (207 cases and 207 controls), there were 219 (53.8%) male. In terms of CHD types among cases, VSD was the most noted in 62 (30.0%), ASD 35 (16.9%), TOF 33 (15.9%) and PDA in 30 (14.5%). Cases were found to have significant association with younger age (78.3% cases below 1 year of age vs. 64.7% in controls, p=0.0085), bad obstetrical history (p=0.0002), history of febrile illness in 1st trimester of pregnancy (p=0.0229) and lack of multivitamins and folic acid in the 1st trimester of pregnancy (p=0.0147). Conclusion: Majority of the children with CHDs were male and aged below 1 year. VSD, ASD, TOF and PDA were the most frequent types of CHD. Younger age, bad obstetrical history, history of febrile illness in 1st trimester of pregnancy and lack of multivitamins and folic acid in the 1st trimester of pregnancy were found to have significant association with CHDs among children. Keywords: Congenital heart disease, echocardiography, ventricular septal defect.

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Prevalence, incidence and associated risk factors of STIs during pregnancy in South Africa

Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽

10.1136/sextrans-2020-054631 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. sextrans-2020-054631

Author(s):

Dorothy Chiwoniso Nyemba ◽

Andrew Medina-Marino ◽

Remco P H Peters ◽

Jeffrey D Klausner ◽

Phuti Ngwepe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Birth Outcomes ◽

Syndromic Management ◽

Younger Age ◽

Pregnancy And Birth Outcomes ◽

Adverse Pregnancy ◽

Associated Risk Factors ◽

Pregnancy And Birth

ObjectiveSTIs during pregnancy increase adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes and may increase HIV risk. STI syndromic management is standard of care in South Africa. Our study evaluated the prevalence and incidence of STIs in pregnant women and the associated risk factors.MethodsWe combined data from two prospective observational studies of pregnant women enrolled while attending their first antenatal clinic (ANC) visit in Tshwane District and Cape Town. Women ≥18 years were tested at first ANC visit and at their first postpartum visit for Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Trichomonas vaginalis using Xpert assays (Cepheid, USA). We evaluated the prevalence and incidence of STI and the associated risk factors using multivariable regression models.ResultsWe enrolled 669 pregnant women, 64% (n=427) from Tshwane District and 36% (n=242) from Cape Town; 80% (n=534) were women living with HIV (WLHIV) and 20% (n=135) without HIV. At enrolment, 37% (n=250) were diagnosed with at least one STI, of which 76% (n=190) were asymptomatic. STI prevalence was 40% (n=213) in WLHIV and 27% (n=37) in women without HIV (p=0.01). Baseline STI infection was associated with younger age (OR=0.95 per year, 95% CI 0.92 to 0.98), higher gestational age (adjusted OR (aOR)=1.03 per week, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.05), single relationship status (aOR=1.53, 95% CI 1.09 to 2.15) and HIV status (aOR=1.86, 95% CI 1.17 to 2.95). Of 419 participants with no STI at baseline, 21 had an incident STI during follow-up, with a mean follow-up time of 140 days. The incidence rate of STI during pregnancy and early post partum was 15 infections per 100 women-years (95% CI 9 to 23). Younger age was associated with STI incidence.ConclusionOur study shows high prevalence and incidence of STIs in pregnancy, especially in WLHIV, demonstrating the need for STI screening in ANC to prevent adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes. Most STI cases were asymptomatic and would have gone untreated with syndromic management. Aetiological STI screening is urgently needed to reduce the burden of STIs in pregnancy.

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Running injuries in the participants of Ljubljana Marathon

Slovenian Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1515/sjph-2017-0027 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 56 (4) ◽

pp. 196-202 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Luka Vitez ◽

Petra Zupet ◽

Vesna Zadnik ◽

Matej Drobnič

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Achilles Tendon ◽

Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Life Time ◽

Male Gender ◽

Chi Square ◽

Body Regions ◽

Running Injuries ◽

History Of ◽

Running Injury

Abstract Introduction The aim of our study was to determine the self-reported incidence and prevalence of running-related injuries among participants of the 18th Ljubljana Marathon, and to identify risk factors for their occurrence. Methods A customized questionnaire was distributed over registration. Independent samples of t-test and chi-square test were used to calculate the differences in risk factors occurrence in the injured and non-injured group. Factors which appeared significantly more frequently in the injured group were included further into multiple logistic regression analysis. Results The reported lifetime running injury (absence >2 weeks) incidence was: 46% none, 47% rarely, 4% occasionally, and 2% often. Most commonly injured body regions were: knee (30%), ankle and Achilles’ tendon (24%), foot (15%), and calf (12%). Male gender, running history of 1-3 years, and history of previous injuries were risk factors for life-time running injury. In the season preceding the event, 65% of participants had not experienced any running injuries, 19% of them reported minor problems (max 2 weeks absenteeism), but 10% and 7% suffered from moderate (absence 3-4 weeks) or major (more than 4 weeks pause) injuries. BMI was identified as the solely risk factor. Conclusions This self-reported study revealed a 53% lifetime prevalence of running-related injuries, with the predominate involvement of knee, ankle and Achilles’ tendon. One out of three recreational runners experienced at least one minor running injury per season. It seems that male gender, short running experience, previous injury, and BMI do increase the probability for running-related injuries.

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Prevalence of allergic disorders and risk factors associated with food allergy in Turkish preschoolers

Allergologia et Immunopathologia ◽

10.15586/aei.v49i1.23 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 49 (1) ◽

pp. 11-16

Author(s):

Ayşen Genç Aksoy ◽

Perran Boran ◽

Elif Karakoc-Aydiner ◽

Gulbin Gokcay ◽

Zeynep Ulker Tamay ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Food Allergy ◽

Allergic Diseases ◽

Egg White ◽

Male Gender ◽

Food Allergies ◽

Birth Cohorts ◽

University Hospitals ◽

Associated Risk Factors ◽

Allergic Disorders

Background: The prevalence of allergic disorders is on the rise, affecting about 10% of the population. In this retrospective cohort, we investigated prevalence of allergic disorders, associated risk factors, and the outcome of food allergies. Material and methods: We analyzed data from birth cohorts of two university hospitals’ well-child outpatient clinics. Factors related to onset and type of allergic diseases were assessed from demographic, socioeconomic, and clinical data. Results: Analyses were performed on 949 (431F/518M) infants at a mean current age of 28±6 months. Any allergic disease was established among 177 cases (22%); atopic dermatitis in 123 (12.8%), respiratory allergies in 55 (5.7%), and food allergy in 41 (4.3%). The risk for allergic disorders was found to be significantly increased for male gender (OR: 2.31, 95% CI; 1.54–3.46), and positive parental atopy (OR: 1.94, 95% CI; 1.31–2.86). The risk of food allergies was significantly higher in the male gender (OR: 2.47, 95% CI; 1.21–5.02), who consumed egg-white between 6 and 12 months (OR: 2.34, 95% CI; 1.22–4.48), and who were formula-fed before 6 months (OR: 2.16, 95% CI; 1.14–4.10). We found no significant association between the rate of food allergy outgrowth or food induced-anaphylaxis with regards to the timing of introducing egg-white into the diet. Conclusions: Although the introduction of egg-white into infant diet at 6–12 months of life appeared as an independent risk for any food allergy, none of the patients developed anaphylaxis. Age at symptom onset and outgrowing food allergy were similar compared to those introduced egg-white after 12 months. We recommend promoting exclusive breastfeeding during the first 6 months of life, and avoidance of prolonged restrictive diets for children with food allergy.

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Prevalence and Correlates of Peripheral Arterial Disease in Nigerians with Type 2 Diabetes

Advances in Medicine ◽

10.1155/2016/3529419 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

D. O. Soyoye ◽

R. T. Ikem ◽

B. A. Kolawole ◽

K. S. Oluwadiya ◽

R. A. Bolarinwa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Peripheral Arterial Disease ◽

Arterial Disease ◽

Male Gender ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Associated Risk Factors ◽

Peripheral Arterial ◽

Apparently Healthy

Background. Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a major risk factor for nonhealing foot ulcers in people with diabetes. A number of traditional risk factors have been reported to be associated with PAD; however, there may be a need to consider nontraditional risk factors especially in some vulnerable populations. This study determined the prevalence and risk factors associated with PAD in diabetics.Methods. One hundred and fifty type 2 diabetics and an equal number of age- and sex-matched apparently healthy controls were studied. Assessment of PAD was made using history, palpation of lower limb vessels, and measurement of ankle-brachial index (ABI). Statistically significant differences between categorical and continuous variables were determined using Chi square (χ2) and Studentt-tests, respectively. Regression analysis was done to determine the associated risk factors for PAD.Results. Prevalence of PAD using ABI was 22.0% and 8.0% among diabetic and nondiabetic populations, respectively. Peripheral arterial disease was associated with age, male gender, waist circumference, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein.Conclusion. This study highlights the high prevalence of PAD in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus and in apparently healthy controls; age, male gender, abdominal obesity, and high hs-CRP values were the associated risk factors.

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Prevalence of and factors associated with dilated choroidal vessels beneath the retinal pigment epithelium among the Japanese

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-90493-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Yasuki Ito ◽

Mari Ito ◽

Takeshi Iwase ◽

Keiko Kataoka ◽

Kazuhisa Yamada ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Retinal Pigment Epithelium ◽

Axial Length ◽

Choroidal Thickness ◽

Pigment Epithelium ◽

Retinal Pigment ◽

Younger Age ◽

Male Sex ◽

Associated Risk Factors ◽

Choroidal Vessels

AbstractPachyvessels are pathologically dilated large choroidal vessels and are associated with the pathogenesis of several pachychoroid-related disorders, including central serous chorioretinopathy. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of and risk factors for pachyvessels in the Japanese population. We included 316 participants (aged ≥ 40 years) with normal right eyes. The presence of pachyvessels (vertical diameter > 300 µm, distance to the retinal pigment epithelium < 50 µm) was determined using 6 × 6 mm macular swept-source optical coherence tomography images, and associated risk factors were investigated. Subfoveal choroidal thickness was measured, and its associated risk factors investigated. The overall prevalence of pachychoroids was 9.5%. Regression analysis showed that a younger age, shorter axial length, male sex, and smoking were significantly associated with the presence of pachyvessels (p = 0.047; odds ratio [OR] 0.96 per year, p = 0.021; OR 0.61 per 1 mm, p = 0.012; OR 3.08 vs. female, and p = 0.011; OR 3.15 vs. non-smoker, respectively) and greater choroidal thickness (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p < 0.003, and p < 0.017, respectively). The results were consistent with other research findings which showed that pachychoroid-related disorders such as central serous chorioretinopathy were associated with younger age, male sex, shorter axial length, and smoking. Smoking may be associated with choroidal circulatory disturbance in the Japanese population.

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Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Associated Risk Factors in Canadian Peacekeeping Veterans with Health-Related Disabilities

The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1177/070674370705200809 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 52 (8) ◽

pp. 510-518 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

J Don Richardson ◽

James A Naifeh ◽

Jon D Elhai

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽

Posttraumatic Stress ◽

Stress Disorder ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Health Concern ◽

Male Veterans ◽

Younger Age ◽

Associated Risk Factors

Objectives: This study investigates posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and its associated risk factors in a random, national, Canadian sample of United Nations peacekeeping veterans with service-related disabilities. Methods: Participants included 1016 male veterans (age < 65 years) who served in the Canadian Forces from 1990 to 1999 and were selected from a larger random sample of 1968 veterans who voluntarily and anonymously completed a general health survey conducted by Veterans Affairs Canada in 1999. Survey instruments included the PTSD Checklist-Military Version (PCL-M), Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D), and questionnaires regarding life events during the past year, current stressors, sociodemographic characteristics, and military history. Results: We found that rates of probable PTSD (PCL-M score > 50) among veterans were 10.92% for veterans deployed once and 14.84% for those deployed more than once. The rates of probable clinical depression (CES-D score > 16) were 30.35% for veterans deployed once and 32.62% for those deployed more than once. We found that, in multivariate analyses, probable PTSD rates and PTSD severity were associated with younger age, single marital status, and deployment frequency. Conclusions: PTSD is an important health concern in the veteran population. Understanding such risk factors as younger age and unmarried status can help predict morbidity among trauma-exposed veterans.

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Prevalence of Long COVID symptoms in Bangladesh: A Prospective Inception Cohort Study of COVID-19 survivors.

10.1101/2021.07.03.21259626 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mohammad Anwar Hossain ◽

K M Amran Hossain ◽

Karen Saunders ◽

Zakir Uddin ◽

Lori Maria Walton ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Functional Limitation ◽

Female Gender ◽

Inception Cohort ◽

Persistent Symptoms ◽

Respiratory Parameters ◽

Younger Age ◽

Health Initiatives ◽

Associated Risk Factors

Background: The aim of this study was to identify the prevalence of 'Long COVID' symptoms (LCS) in a large cohort of survivors and identify any potential associated risk factors. Methods: A prospective survey was undertaken of an inception cohort of confirmed COVID-19 survivors (Aged 18 to 87 years). 14392 participants were recruited from 24 testing facilities across Bangladesh between June, and November 2020. All participants had a previously confirmed positive COVID-19 diagnosis, and reported persistent symptoms and difficulties in performing daily activities. Participants who consented, were contacted by telephone, and were interviewed regarding LCS, and restriction of activities of daily living. Cardio-respiratory parameters were also measured. Statistical analysis included binary logistic and multiple linear regressions were performed with LCS as the dependent variable. Associated risk factors were identified using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). Findings: Among 2198 participants, the prevalence of LCS at 12 weeks was 16.1%. Overall, eight LCS were identified and in descending order of prominence are: fatigue, pain, dyspnea, cough, anosmia, appetite loss, headache, and chest pain. COVID survivors experienced between 1 to 5 LCS with an overall duration period of 21.8 SD 5.2 weeks. SEM predicted the length of LCS to be related to younger age, female gender, rural residence, prior functional limitation and smoking. Interpretation: In this cohort of survivors, at 31 weeks post diagnosis, the prevalence of LCS was 16.1%. The risk factors identified for presence and longer length of LCS warrant further research and consideration to support public health initiatives. Funding: No funding

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TL 18094 - Fluorquinolones and the risk of Achilles tendon disorders

Scientific Journal of the Foot & Ankle ◽

10.30795/scijfootankle.2019.v13.1056 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 13 (Supl 1) ◽

pp. 77S

Author(s):

Alexandre Leme Godoy-Santos ◽

Miguel Srougi ◽

Homero Bruschini ◽

Cesar de Cesar Netto ◽

Lucas Furtado ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Achilles Tendon ◽

Case Reports ◽

Tendon Injury ◽

Achilles Tendinopathy ◽

The Body ◽

Current Evidence ◽

Drug Induced ◽

Concurrent Use ◽

Associated Risk Factors

Introduction: Achilles FQ-associated tendinopathy was first reported by Bailey et al. in 1983. Since then, nearly 200 case reports related to FQ-associated tendon injury have been published, as well as some case control and cohort studies. Today, drug-induced tendinopathy is accepted as a class effect of FQ. The Achilles tendon is affected in 90% of cases of FQ-related tendinopathy and rupture. Objective: To evaluate current evidence for the association between fluoroquinolones and Achilles tendinopathy and to identify associated risk factors that increase the incidence of this complication. Methods: We conducted a computerized search of the relevant scientific literature from 1988 to 2018 using electronic databases, including PubMed, Medline and Scopus. The search terms were fluoroquinolone-related tendinopathy. Eligible studies were any available reports of fluoroquinolone-related tendinopathy (tendinitis, tendon pain, or rupture); animal and human histologic studies were included. Data collected included any cases of fluoroquinolone-related tendinopathy, the particular tendon affected, type of FQ, dosage, and concomitant risk factors. Results: The references selected were reviewed by all authors and judged based on their contribution to the body of knowledge on this topic. The conduct and validity of any clinical studies were carefully considered, and the outcomes of management protocols were carefully scrutinized. Case reports mentioning a specific association with the condition that were thought to be relevant to the discussion were included. Only papers that made a significant contribution to understanding of this condition were included in the review. Thus, a total of 560 abstracts were screened, 79 of which were directly related to FQ-associated Achilles tendinopathy or tendon rupture. Conclusion: The association between the use of fluoroquinolone antibiotics and Achilles tendon disorders is well-established in the medical literature. We found that male gender, advanced age, normal BMI, chronic renal failure and concurrent use of corticosteroids increases the risk of Achilles tendon pathology. Caution should be exercised during the utilization of this antibiotic class in patients with these characteristics

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