scholarly journals Epidemic preparedness - Leishmania tarentolae as an easy-to-handle tool to produce antigens for viral diagnosis: application to COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilaria Varotto-Boccazzi ◽  
Alessandro Manenti ◽  
Francesca Dapporto ◽  
Louise Gourlay ◽  
Beatrice Bisaglia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Development ◽  
Antibody Detection ◽  
Molecular Diagnostic ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Leishmania Tarentolae ◽  
Cell Factories ◽  
Effective System ◽  
Antiviral Antibody ◽  
Viral Diagnosis

To control future epidemics, discovery platforms are urgently needed, for the rapid development of diagnostic assays. Molecular diagnostic tests for COVID-19 emerged shortly after the isolation of SARS-CoV-2, however, serological tests based on antiviral antibody detection, revealing previous exposure to the virus, required longer developmental phases, due to the need for correctly folded and glycosylated antigens. The delay between the identification of a new virus and the development of reliable serodiagnostic tools limits our readiness for the control of a future epidemic. In this context, we propose the protozoan Leishmania tarentolae as an easy-to-handle micro-factory for the rapid production of viral antigens, to be used at the forefront of emerging epidemics. As a study model, we engineered L. tarentolae to express the SARS-CoV-2 Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) and report the ability of the purified RBD antigen to detect SARS-CoV-2 infection, with a sensitivity and reproducibility comparable to that of a reference antigen produced in human cells. This is the first application of an antigen produced in L. tarentolae for the serodiagnosis of a Coronaviridae infection. Based on our results, we propose L. tarentolae as an effective system for viral antigen production, even in countries that lack high-tech cell factories.

scholarly journals Epidemic Preparedness—Leishmania tarentolae as an Easy-to-Handle Tool to Produce Antigens for Viral Diagnosis: Application to COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilaria Varotto-Boccazzi ◽  
Alessandro Manenti ◽  
Francesca Dapporto ◽  
Louise J. Gourlay ◽  
Beatrice Bisaglia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Development ◽  
Antibody Detection ◽  
Molecular Diagnostic ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Leishmania Tarentolae ◽  
Cell Factories ◽  
Effective System ◽  
Human Sera ◽  
Antiviral Antibody ◽  
Viral Diagnosis

To detect and prevent emerging epidemics, discovery platforms are urgently needed, for the rapid development of diagnostic assays. Molecular diagnostic tests for COVID-19 were developed shortly after the isolation of SARS-CoV-2. However, serological tests based on antiviral antibody detection, revealing previous exposure to the virus, required longer testing phases, due to the need to obtain correctly folded and glycosylated antigens. The delay between the identification of a new virus and the development of reliable serodiagnostic tools limits our readiness to tackle future epidemics. We suggest that the protozoan Leishmania tarentolae can be used as an easy-to-handle microfactory for the rapid production of viral antigens to face emerging epidemics. We engineered L. tarentolae to express the SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD) and we recorded the ability of the purified RBD antigen to detect SARS-CoV-2 infection in human sera, with a sensitivity and reproducibility comparable to that of a reference antigen produced in human cells. This is the first application of an antigen produced in L. tarentolae for the serodiagnosis of a Coronaviridae infection. On the basis of our results, we propose L. tarentolae as an effective system for viral antigen production, even in countries that lack high-technology cell factories.

scholarly journals Leishmania tarentolae and Leishmania infantum in humans, dogs and cats in the Pelagie archipelago, southern Italy

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. e0009817
Author(s):  
Roberta Iatta ◽  
Jairo Alfonso Mendoza-Roldan ◽  
Maria Stefania Latrofa ◽  
Antonio Cascio ◽  
Emanuele Brianti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leishmania Infantum ◽  
Molecular Diagnostic ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Molecular Testing ◽  
Molecular Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Leishmania Tarentolae ◽  
Human Samples ◽  
Animal Populations

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) caused by Leishmania infantum is endemic in the Mediterranean basin with most of the infected human patients remaining asymptomatic. Recently, the saurian-associated Leishmania tarentolae was detected in human blood donors and in sheltered dogs. The circulation of L. infantum and L. tarentolae was investigated in humans, dogs and cats living in the Pelagie islands (Sicily, Italy) by multiple serological and molecular testing. Human serum samples (n = 346) were tested to assess the exposure to L. infantum by immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blot (WB) and to L. tarentolae by IFAT. Meanwhile, sera from dogs (n = 149) and cats (n = 32) were tested for both Leishmania species by IFAT and all blood samples by specific sets of real time-PCR for L. infantum and L. tarentolae. The agreement between serological tests performed for human samples, and between serological and molecular diagnostic techniques for both human and animal samples were also assessed. Overall, 41 human samples (11.8%, 95% CI: 8.9–15.7) were positive to L. infantum (5.2%, 95% CI: 3.3–8.1), L. tarentolae (5.2%, 95% CI: 3.3–8.1) and to both species (1.4%, 95% CI: 0.6–3.3) by serology and/or molecular tests. A good agreement among the serological tests was determined. Both Leishmania spp. were serologically and/or molecularly detected in 39.6% dogs and 43.7% cats. In addition to L. infantum, also L. tarentolae circulates in human and animal populations, raising relevant public health implications. Further studies should investigate the potential beneficial effects of L. tarentolae in the protection against L. infantum infection.

IMPROVING THE COMMUNICATION POLICY INDIVIDUAL KULCHYTSKYI K.V. (COFFEE HOUSE No1)

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafaela Znachek ◽  
◽  
Iryna Muntian ◽  
Olena Kniazieva ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information Technologies ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Marketing Communications ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Communication Policy ◽  
Effective System ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Post Industrial

Further development of the market processes in Ukraine, creating prerequisites for its successful integration into the global economic community requires significant changes in determining the priority forms, methods and directions of economic activity. The beginning of the XXI century is characterized by fundamental changes in the economy of Ukraine, which significantly affect the principles of its functioning. Today our country is moving towards an informational, post-industrial stage of the society development, where information is becoming one of the priority types of the resources. According to the domestic and foreign experts, industrialized countries lose up to 10% of their national product annually due to a lack of necessary information. As a result, today the availability of information is put forward among the critical factors for the commercial success of business activities and creates prerequisites for winning the competition. In this situation, the entrepreneurs and scientists are of considerable interest to the modern marketing concept of the management and advanced methods and forms of marketing influence on the formation of the market demand and competitive position of the enterprise. In the context of the growing role of non-price forms of the competition, the rapid development of the information technologies, an effective system of marketing communications is becoming a key factor in ensuring the competitiveness of many enterprises both in the domestic and international markets. It is a complex and dynamic process characterized by an increase in the use of various communication tools, the emergence of new tools for the information impact. The key to the success of a high-tech enterprise in the market is its competence to optimally organize the interaction of many elements of this system, determine the most forceful and effective types of marketing communications and the ability to effectively manage them.

scholarly journals Myasthenia Gravis: Autoantibody Specificities and Their Role in MG Management

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantinos Lazaridis ◽  
Socrates J. Tzartos
Keyword(s):  
Neuromuscular Junction ◽  
Myasthenia Gravis ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Autoimmune Response ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Antibody Detection ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
The Past

Myasthenia gravis (MG) is the most common autoimmune disorder affecting the neuromuscular junction, characterized by skeletal muscle weakness and fatigability. It is caused by autoantibodies targeting proteins of the neuromuscular junction; ~85% of MG patients have autoantibodies against the muscle acetylcholine receptor (AChR-MG), whereas about 5% of MG patients have autoantibodies against the muscle specific kinase (MuSK-MG). In the remaining about 10% of patients no autoantibodies can be found with the classical diagnostics for AChR and MuSK antibodies (seronegative MG, SN-MG). Since serological tests are relatively easy and non-invasive for disease diagnosis, the improvement of methods for the detection of known autoantibodies or the discovery of novel autoantibody specificities to diminish SN-MG and to facilitate differential diagnosis of similar diseases, is crucial. Radioimmunoprecipitation assays (RIPA) are the staple for MG antibody detection, but over the past years, using cell-based assays (CBAs) or improved highly sensitive RIPAs, it has been possible to detect autoantibodies in previously SN-MG patients. This led to the identification of more patients with antibodies to the classical antigens AChR and MuSK and to the third MG autoantigen, the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 4 (LRP4), while antibodies against other extracellular or intracellular targets, such as agrin, Kv1.4 potassium channels, collagen Q, titin, the ryanodine receptor and cortactin have been found in some MG patients. Since the autoantigen targeted determines in part the clinical manifestations, prognosis and response to treatment, serological tests are not only indispensable for initial diagnosis, but also for monitoring treatment efficacy. Importantly, knowing the autoantibody profile of MG patients could allow for more efficient personalized therapeutic approaches. Significant progress has been made over the past years toward the development of antigen-specific therapies, targeting only the specific immune cells or autoantibodies involved in the autoimmune response. In this review, we will present the progress made toward the development of novel sensitive autoantibody detection assays, the identification of new MG autoantigens, and the implications for improved antigen-specific therapeutics. These advancements increase our understanding of MG pathology and improve patient quality of life by providing faster, more accurate diagnosis and better disease management.

Comparative Experiment of Color Reproduction Methods

2014 ◽  
Vol 1051 ◽  
pp. 967-970
Author(s):  
Qi Jia ◽  
Xu Liang Lv ◽  
Wei Dong Xu ◽  
Jiang Hua Hu ◽  
Xian Hui Rong
Keyword(s):  
Polynomial Regression ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Color Space ◽  
Digital Camera ◽  
Color Difference ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Comparative Experiment ◽  
Color Reproduction ◽  
Different Color ◽  
Time Image

Digital camera which has the advantage of real-time image transferring and easily processing is more and more widely used in the packaging and printing industry with the rapid development of high-tech electronics industry. However, the color in digital camera is not accurate which affect the application. To minimize the color difference between the color in the digital camera and the real color, the color reproduction methods is developing. The field comparative experiment is carried out to compare the performance of color reproduction methods, such as polynomial regression algorithm in different color space, and color checker passport. The results show that fourth order polynomial regression color reproduction in XYZ color space has the best performance.

Hydroponic fodder — an alternative to conventional green forage

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
А. Шитикова ◽  
И. Жогин ◽  
А. Абаренов ◽  
В. Бецков
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Productive Capacity ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Fish Feeding ◽  
Hydroponic System ◽  
Effective System ◽  
Green Fodder ◽  
Air Disinfection ◽  
High Level

В статье приведены результаты испытаний технологии производства экологически чистых зелёных кормов на высокотехнологичном оборудовании в условиях автоматизированной гидропонной установки АК-10000 производительностью до 10 т в сутки зелёного корма для крупного и мелкого рогатого скота, птиц и рыб. Результаты исследований позволили выявить преимущество технологии для получения зелёного корма высокого качества за счёт применения высокоэффективной системы обеззараживания от патогеннои микрофлоры на всех этапах проращивания разработанная технология позволяет использовать для проращивания зерно низких репродукций, автоматизированные комплексы экономически эффективны и высокопроизводительны. Зелёные гидропонные корма отличаются высокой усвояемостью (9295), высоким содержанием сырого протеина, сахара содержат необходимые компоненты для безвыпасного содержания крупного и мелкого рогатого скота в любых климатических зонах. В разработанных автоматизированных комплексах особое внимание уделяется вопросам обеззараживания зерна и воздуха, насыщения атмосферы вегетационных камер отрицательными аэроионами, подготовке и обеззараживанию поливочной воды, что позволяет снизить требования к категорийности закладочного материала без потери коэффициентов эффективности и качества. The article deals with the technology of organic green forage production using high-tech equipment for automated hydroponic system AK-10000. Its productive capacity is up to 10 t of green fodder per day. Such forage can be used in cattle, small cattle, poultry and fish feeding. This technology results in production of high-quality green feeds due to highly effective system preventing pathogen development at any growing stage. Grain from low-productive crops can be used. Such automated systems are economically efficient and show high performance. Green hydroponic fodder had high digestibility (9295), protein and sugar contents. It contained all the necessary components to feed cattle and small cattle at nongrazing time under any conditions. To develop automated hydroponic systems, such procedures as grain and air disinfection, growing chamber saturation with negative air ions as well as preparation and water purification should be considered. They allow higher number of crops to be grown keeping effectiveness and quality at a high level.

THE USE OF CRYPTOCURRENCY FOR CRIMINAL PURPOSES: ISSUES OF COUNTERACTION

2020 ◽  
pp. 5-6
Author(s):  
В.И. Ерохов ◽  
В.Ф. Васюков
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Development ◽  
Criminal Activity ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
The World ◽  
Basic Understanding ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
Methods Of Operation ◽  
The Ideal

Стремительное развитие технологии блокчейн сделало криптовалюты широко распространенными по всему миру платежными средствами, используемыми в качестве альтернативной онлайн-валюты. Одновременно с этим криптовалюты также зарекомендовали себя как идеальная валюта для киберпреступников из-за их нерегулируемого и псевдоанонимного характера. Такое положение дел привело к возникновению возможности использования криптовалют в качестве инструмента содействия преступлениям, совершаемым как в киберпространстве, так и в реальном мире, включая легализацию (отмывание) денежных средств, кибер-вымогательство, фишинг, взлом, кибермошенничество и иные преступления в финансовой сфере. Учитывая высокотехнологичный, децентрализованный и, следовательно, сложный характер криптовалют, криминологам важно иметь базовое представление о методах работы, используемых в криптовалютных преступлениях. Таким образом, в представленных тезисах проанализированы проблемы, связанные с использованием криптовалюты для содействия преступной деятельности, и рассмотрены методы противодействия им. The rapid development of blockchain technology has made cryptocurrencies widespread around the world, used as an alternative online currency. At the same time, cryptocurrencies have also established themselves as the ideal currency for cybercriminals due to their unregulated and pseudo-anonymous nature. This state of affairs has led to the emergence of the possibility of using cryptocurrencies as a tool to facilitate crimes committed both in cyberspace and in the real world, including money laundering, cyber extortion, phishing, hacking, cyber fraud and other crimes in the financial sector. Given the high-tech, decentralized and therefore complex nature of cryptocurrencies, it is important for criminologists to have a basic understanding of the methods of operation used in "cryptocurrency crimes." Thus, this article analyzes the issues of using cryptocurrency to promote criminal activity, as well as countering issues.

Digitalization of the social services system in Ukraine

2020 ◽  
pp. 80-85
Author(s):  
Tetiana Yehorova-Lutsenko
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Main Body ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Administrative Services ◽  
To Receive

Problem setting. The rapid development of public relations determines the use of information technology in all spheres of life, including in the field of public administration. There is no doubt about the need to introduce elements of e-government into everyday life, as it improves the lives of ordinary citizens, increases trust in public authorities and local governments, reduces the time spent on businesses and individuals needed to receive services. Analysis of recent research. The issue of providing digital social services was paid attention to by, V.P Kohan, M.M. Petrova, N.M. Terletska, D.I. Rusnak, V.L. Polar, V.V. Ripples. The formation of an appropriate mechanism for the digital provision of social administrative services in Ukraine remains unresolved. Target of research. The article is to define the tasks for the formation of the administrative and legal mechanism and the use of digitalization in the provision of social administrative services. Article’s main body. New online services are being introduced on the territory of Ukraine, which enable consumers to receive it remotely. In our opinion, in the future, these services should simplify the procedure for accessing them, given the subjects who are primarily interested in using them, and expand the scope of their provision: from informing the consumer to receiving the result. But these tasks can be accomplished only with the proper financial and material support of local governments, including the poorest financially united territorial communities. In addition, local governments should be required to retain technical specialists and consultants who will provide software and hardware for the provision of administrative social services and eliminate the inability of certain segments of the population to use high-tech digital services. These tasks should be attributed to those that require constant monitoring of their implementation and improvement of their mechanism. Features of the regime of social services are that: 1) their list is not defined by law, so it is more determined by the subjects – recipients of services; 2) socialization of services involves the organization of simplified access of citizens to administrative services; 3) the mechanism for providing accessible social services must ensure the protection of personal data of service recipients. Conclusions and prospects for the development. The unification of types of social administrative services and mechanisms of their provision with similar services provided in the countries of the European Union may be key to Ukraine’s progress towards a single digital space with the European Union.

Accelerating Development of Materials for Industrial and High-Tech Applications with Data-Driven Analysis and Simulations

MRS Advances ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (29-30) ◽  
pp. 1497-1511
Author(s):  
Sergey V. Barabash
Keyword(s):  
Semiconductor Industry ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Advanced Materials ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Phase Identification ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Additional Material ◽  
High Throughput Experimentation ◽  
Reasonable Cost

ABSTRACTWe describe how the development of advanced materials via high-throughput experimentation at Intermolecular® is accelerated using guidance from modelling, machine learning (ML) and other data-driven approaches. Focusing on rapid development of materials for the semiconductor industry at a reasonable cost, we review the strengths and the limitations of data-driven methods. ML applied to the experimental data accelerates the development of record-breaking materials, but needs a supply of physically meaningful descriptors to succeed in a practical setting. Theoretical materials design greatly benefits from the external modelling ecosystems that have arisen over the last decade, enabling a rapid theoretical screening of materials, including additional material layers introduced to improve the performance of the material stack as a whole, “dopants” to stabilize a given phase of a polymorphic material, etc. We discuss the relative importance of different approaches, and note that the success rates for seemingly similar problems can be drastically different. We then discuss the methods that assist experimentation by providing better phase identification. Finally, we compare the strengths of different approaches, using as an example the problem of identifying regions of thermodynamic stability in multicomponent systems.

Analyzing and Modeling of High-Tech Virtual Enterprise

2010 ◽  
Vol 143-144 ◽  
pp. 277-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Sun ◽  
Min Huang
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Agents ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Virtual Enterprise ◽  
Difficult Problem ◽  
Modeling Method ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Dynamic Features

With the rapid development of network and information technologies, more and more high-tech enterprises form the alliance of virtual enterprise to advance the competing capacity in the market, but how to improve the running efficiency of virtual enterprise with dynamic features is a very difficult problem. The paper analyzes the organization and operating features of the high-tech virtual enterprise, then presents a new modeling method based on mobile agents for management and running of high-tech virtual enterprise, which can be helpful for the development of it.

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