scholarly journals Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on weight and BMI among UK adults: a longitudinal analysis of data from the HEBECO study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel James Dicken ◽  
John Joseph Mitchell ◽  
Jessica Newberry Le Vay ◽  
Emma Beard ◽  
Dimitra Kale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Interindividual Variation ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Longitudinal Analyses ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Bmi Trajectories ◽  
Baseline Levels ◽  
Generalised Estimating Equations

Background COVID-19-related restrictions impacted weight and weight-related factors during the initial months of the pandemic. However, longitudinal analyses are scarce. Methods An online, longitudinal study was conducted among self-selected UK adults (n=1,818), involving three surveys during 2020 (May-June, August-September, November-December), covering height, weight and sociodemographic, COVID-19-related and behavioural measures. Data were analysed using generalised estimating equations. Results Self-reported average weight and body mass index (BMI) significantly increased from May-June to August-September (74.95kg to 75.33kg, 26.22kg/m2 to 26.36kg/m2, both p<0.001), and then significantly decreased to November-December (to 75.06kg, 26.27kg/m2, both p<0.01), comparable to May-June levels (p=0.274/0.204). However, there was great interindividual variation, with 37.0%/26.7% reporting an increase and 34.5%/26.3% reporting a decrease in weight/BMI greater than 0.5kg/0.5kg/m2, respectively from May-June to November-December. The average weight/BMI increase was 3.64kg (95% confidence interval: 3.32,3.97)/1.64kg/m2 (1.49,1.79), and the average weight/BMI decrease was 3.59kg (3.34,3.85)/1.53kg/m2 (1.42,1.63). In fully adjusted models, increase in weight/BMI across surveys was significantly negatively associated with initial BMI, and positively associated with monthly high fat, salt and sugar (HFSS) snacks intake and alcohol consumption, and for BMI only, older age. However, associations were time-varying, such that lower initial BMI, higher HFSS snacks intake and high-risk alcohol consumption were associated with maintenance of increased weight/BMI from August-September to November-December. Conclusion The average weight/BMI of UK adults increased during the early pandemic months, before returning to baseline levels in November-December 2020. However, this masks substantial interindividual variation in weight/BMI trajectories, indicating vulnerabilities associated with changes in food and alcohol consumption throughout the pandemic.

scholarly journals Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Weight and BMI among UK Adults: A Longitudinal Analysis of Data from the HEBECO Study

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 2911
Author(s):  
Samuel J. Dicken ◽  
John J. Mitchell ◽  
Jessica Newberry Le Newberry Le Vay ◽  
Emma Beard ◽  
Dimitra Kale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Interindividual Variation ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Longitudinal Analyses ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Bmi Trajectories ◽  
Generalised Estimating Equations

COVID-19-related restrictions impacted weight and weight-related factors during the initial months of the pandemic. However, longitudinal analyses are scarce. An online, longitudinal study was conducted among self-selected UK adults (n = 1818), involving three surveys (May–June, August–September, November–December 2020), covering anthropometric, sociodemographic, COVID-19-related and behavioural measures. Data were analysed using generalised estimating equations. Self-reported average weight/body mass index (BMI) significantly increased between the May–June period and the August–September period (74.95 to 75.33 kg/26.22 kg/m2 to 26.36kg/m2, p < 0.001, respectively), and then significantly decreased to November–December (to 75.06 kg/26.27 kg/m2, p < 0.01), comparable to May–June levels (p = 0.274/0.204). However, there was great interindividual variation, 37.0%/26.7% increased (average 3.64 kg (95% confidence interval: 3.32, 3.97)/1.64 kg/m2 (1.49, 1.79)), and 34.5%/26.3% decreased (average 3.59 kg (3.34, 3.85)/1.53 kg/m2 (1.42, 1.63)) weight/BMI between May–June and November–December. Weight/BMI increase was significantly negatively associated with initial BMI, and positively associated with monthly high fat, salt and sugar (HFSS) snacks intake and alcohol consumption, and for BMI only, older age. Associations were time-varying; lower initial BMI, higher HFSS snacks intake and high-risk alcohol consumption were associated with maintaining weight/BMI increases between August–September and November–December. The average weight/BMI of UK adults fluctuated between May–June and November–December 2020. However, the substantial interindividual variation in weight/BMI trajectories indicates long-term health impacts from the pandemic, associated with food and alcohol consumption.

scholarly journals Analytic strategies to evaluate the association of time-varying exposures to HIV-related outcomes: Alcohol consumption as an example

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert L. Cook ◽  
Natalie E. Kelso ◽  
Babette A. Brumback ◽  
Xinguang Chen
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Time Varying

scholarly journals Trends in the Prevalence of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Its Future Predictions in Korean Men, 1998–2035

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 2626
Author(s):  
Seo Young Kang ◽  
Ye-Jee Kim ◽  
Hye Soon Park
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Fat Intake ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
The Past ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a serious health concern as it can progress to liver cirrhosis and hepatoma. We investigated past trends in the prevalence of NAFLD and related factors among Korean men and women from 1998 to 2017 and predicted their future prevalence among Korean men. We used data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey I–VII (KNHANES). NAFLD was defined as a hepatic steatosis index of >36. Subjects with viral hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, cancer, pregnancy, and a habit of drinking ≥30 g alcohol per occasion were excluded. We evaluated the prevalence trends of NAFLD, obesity, abdominal obesity, high fat intake, and low physical activity in each KNHANES wave. For future prevalence predictions, average annual percentage changes (AAPCs) were estimated from the joinpoint model. In men, NAFLD prevalence has increased by approximately 11 percentage points in the past 19 years, reaching 30.7% in wave VII. Prevalence of obesity, abdominal obesity, high fat intake, and low physical activity also increased. The AAPC of NAFLD prevalence was 2.3% per year, and the estimated NAFLD prevalence in 2030 and 2035 was 39.1% and 43.8%, respectively. The forecasted prevalence of obesity, abdominal obesity, and high fat intake among Korean men in 2035 was 65.0%, 52.2%, and 23.5%, respectively. The estimated future prevalence of NAFLD and related factors was considerably high in the younger age group (19–45 year). In women, NAFLD prevalence has increased by approximately three percentage points in the past 19 years; however, this increase was not significant in the multivariate analysis. Public strategies to manage obesity, abdominal obesity, and unhealthy lifestyles are needed to prevent NAFLD.

scholarly journals Sociodemographic, Psychological and Adolescent–related Factors Associated with Alcohol Consumption among School-going Adolescents

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 168-176
Author(s):  
Nurulhuda Mat Hassan ◽  
Nizatul Nurain Mazubir ◽  
Siti Norazlina Juhari ◽  
Mohd Faeiz Pauzi ◽  
Norwati Daud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Factors Associated

scholarly journals Count time series models for road traffic accidents in Tanzania Mainland

1970 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 495-506
Author(s):  
Amina S Msengwa ◽  
Florence D Ngari
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Information Criterion ◽  
Dar Es Salaam ◽  
Autoregressive Models ◽  
Ratio Test ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Road Traffic Accidents ◽  
Related Factors

A pairwise analysis was conducted to assess the trends and factors associated with road traffic accidents in Tanzania. The Poisson and Negative Binomial Autoregressive Models were used to extend log linear functions by accounting time-varying components. A total of 85,514 road traffic accidents in Tanzania mainland that occurred from 2012 to 2017 were extracted from Tanzania Police Office records. Eleven factors were grouped into a human, vehicle, physical/environmental and pedestrian-related factors. The Likelihood ratio test, Akaike Information Criterion, Bayesian Information Criterion and residual ACF plots were used to evaluate the performance of the models in Dar es Salaam and other combined regions. The trend analysis indicated a declining pattern in all factors and human-related factors appeared higher than the other three factors. The highest number of road traffic accidents was observed in Dar es Salaam Region compared to other combined regions. The models, including its past values and time-varying factors, were in favour-of other models. In both, Dar es Salaam and other combined regions, non-linear pattern and Negative Binomial Autoregressive Models fitted the data well. The implementation of collective actions in recent years seems positive on road traffic accidents. Nevertheless, more emphasis is needed to monitor trends on the number of accidents and related fatalities. Keywords: Road Traffic Accidents, Poisson, Negative binomial, Autoregressive Models, Tanzania.

scholarly journals Low-Intensity Exercise Training Additionally Increases Mitochondrial Dynamics Caused by High-Fat Diet (HFD) but Has No Additional Effect on Mitochondrial Biogenesis in Fast-Twitch Muscle by HFD

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (15) ◽  
pp. 5461
Author(s):  
Yun Seok Kang ◽  
Donghun Seong ◽  
Jae Cheol Kim ◽  
Sang Hyun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Endurance Exercise ◽  
Mitochondrial Biogenesis ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Mitochondrial Dynamics ◽  
Chow Diet ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Mitochondrial Dynamic ◽  
Low Intensity

This study examines how the high-fat diet (HFD) affects mitochondrial dynamics and biogenesis, and also whether combining it with low-intensity endurance exercise adds to these effects. Six 8-week-old male Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats were put on control (CON; standard chow diet), HF (HFD intake), and HFEx (HFD + low-intensity treadmill exercise) for 6 weeks. As a result, no change in body weight was observed among the groups. However, epididymal fat mass increased significantly in the two groups that had been given HFD. Blood free fatty acid (FFA) also increased significantly in the HF group. While HFD increased insulin resistance (IR), this was improved significantly in the HFEx group. HFD also significantly increased mitochondrial biogenesis-related factors (PPARδ, PGC-1α, and mtTFA) and mitochondrial electron transport chain proteins; however, no additional effect from exercise was observed. Mitochondrial dynamic-related factors were also affected: Mfn2 increased significantly in the HFEx group, while Drp1 and Fis-1 increased significantly in both the HF and HFEx groups. The number of mitochondria in the subsarcolemmal region, and their size in the subsarcolemmal and intermyofibrillar regions, also increased significantly in the HFEx group. Taken overall, these results show that HFD in combination with low-intensity endurance exercise has no additive effect on mitochondrial biogenesis, although it does have such an effect on mitochondrial dynamics by improving IR.

State firearm laws, race and law enforcement–related deaths in 16 US states: 2010–2016

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 569-572
Author(s):  
Josie J Sivaraman ◽  
Stephen W Marshall ◽  
Shabbar I Ranapurwala
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Poisson Regression ◽  
Reporting System ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Black American ◽  
Violent Death ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Us States ◽  
Inverse Probability ◽  
Generalised Estimating Equations

The aim of this study was to assess the association between state firearm legislation and law enforcement–related deaths (LEDs) and its modification by race. We used secondary data from an ecological cohort of 16 states (2010 to 2016), using the National Violent Death Reporting System (NVDRS), the State Firearm Law Database and additional public sources. Poisson regression with generalised estimating equations and inverse probability of exposure weights to account for time-varying confounding were used to quantify the association. LEDs were also disaggregated by race (Black vs non-Black). A total of 1593 LEDs took place during the 6-year study period. After adjusting for confounders, the IRR among non-Blacks was 0.48 (95% CI 0.26 to 0.89) and 1.53 (95% CI 0.93 to 2.54) among Blacks. Our findings highlight the fact that increased firearm provisions may decrease rates of LED among non-Black American individuals—an association not observed among Black Americans.

scholarly journals Replication and expansion of epigenome-wide association literature in a black South African population

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Toinét Cronjé ◽  
Hannah R. Elliott ◽  
Cornelie Nienaber-Rousseau ◽  
Marlien Pieters
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
South African ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
African Population ◽  
450K Array ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Successful Replication ◽  
Novel Associations

Abstract Background DNA methylation is associated with non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and related traits. Methylation data on continental African ancestries are currently scarce, even though there are known genetic and epigenetic differences between ancestral groups and a high burden of NCDs in Africans. Furthermore, the degree to which current literature can be extrapolated to the understudied African populations, who have limited resources to conduct independent large-scale analysis, is not yet known. To this end, this study examines the reproducibility of previously published epigenome-wide association studies of DNA methylation conducted in different ethinicities, on factors related to NCDs, by replicating findings in 120 South African Batswana men aged 45 to 88 years. In addition, novel associations between methylation and NCD-related factors are investigated using the Illumina EPIC BeadChip. Results Up to 86% of previously identified epigenome-wide associations with NCD-related traits (alcohol consumption, smoking, body mass index, waist circumference, C-reactive protein, blood lipids and age) overlapped with those observed here and a further 13% were directionally consistent. Only 1% of the replicated associations presented with effects opposite to findings in other ancestral groups. The majority of these inconcistencies were associated with population-specific genomic variance. In addition, we identified eight new 450K array CpG associations not previously reported in other ancestries, and 11 novel EPIC CpG associations with alcohol consumption. Conclusions The successful replication of existing EWAS findings in this African population demonstrates that blood-based 450K EWAS findings from commonly investigated ancestries can largely be extrapolated to ethnicities for which epigenetic data are not yet available. Possible population-specific differences in 14% of the tested associations do, however, motivate the need to include a diversity of ethnic groups in future epigenetic research. The novel associations found with the enhanced coverage of the Illumina EPIC array support its usefulness to expand epigenetic literature.

scholarly journals Comprehensive unhealthy lifestyle is associated with alcohol consumption as J-shaped curve

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
I Shimoshikiryo ◽  
R Ibusuki ◽  
K Shimatani ◽  
D Nishimoto ◽  
T Takezaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Baseline Survey ◽  
Clinical Factors ◽  
Unhealthy Lifestyle ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Heavy Drinkers ◽  
Habitual Exercise ◽  
Using Data

Abstract Background Alcohol consumption is a confirmed risk factor for cancer as well as cardiovascular and other diseases. Decreased and increased risks with light and heavy consumption, respectively (J-shaped associations), were reported for total mortality. However, whether alcohol itself or its related-factors are involved in this association, is unclear. This study examined the background characteristics of comprehensive lifestyles and clinical factors according to alcohol consumption, using data from a baseline survey of large-scaled cohort study conducted among the general Japanese using Breslow’s healthy lifestyle index. Methods The study subjects were 23,885 males and 28,165 females aged 35 to 69 years, who were enrolled in the Japan Multi-Institutional Collaborative Cohort (J-MICC) Study. To determine unhealthy lifestyle scores, smoking, exercise, sleeping duration, breakfast consumption, eating between meals, and obesity were combined. The odds ratios (ORs) of unhealthy lifestyles and clinical factors according to alcohol consumption were estimated using a logistic regression model. Results The ORs of combined unhealthy lifestyles decreased among light drinkers in males (0.73, 0.67-0.80) and females (0.88, 0.82-0.95), and increased among heavy drinkers (1.52, 1.27-1.83; 2.15, 1.44-3.20, respectively). These associations were not found for each unhealthy lifestyle and atherosclerosis-related factors, except for less breakfast intake in males and less frequent habitual exercise in females. Conclusions The present study suggests that the J-shaped association between comprehensive unhealthy lifestyle and alcohol consumption may be an important background factor of the association between alcohol consumption and risk of total mortality. Further study for total mortality with them is warranted. Key messages This study showed comprehensive unhealthy lifestyles were observed not only among heavy drinkers, but also among non-drinkers. Light drinkers have more healthy lifestyles, which contribute to their better health.

STUDY THE CLINICAL FEATURES AND RELATED FACTORS AND THERAPEUTIC RESULTS ALCOHOL- INDUCED PSYCHOTIC DISORDERS WITH DELUSION, HALLUCINATION.

2014 ◽  
pp. 239-245
Author(s):  
Thi Luyen Tong ◽  
Nhu Minh Hang Tran
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Average Dose ◽  
Average Amount ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Therapeutic Results ◽  
Identification Test ◽  
Average Alcohol

Background: Alcohol-related mental disorders have become more popular in recent years. Alcohol-induced psychotic disorders (APD) with delusions, hallucinations are accounted for the highest percentage. Studying the clinical features and related factors and therapeutic results to enhance the therapeutic quality. Methodology: Retrospective, longitudinal study combined with description and analysis on 45 patients at Danang psychiatric hospital from 03/2013 to 07/2014. Results All patients are male, age from 30-49 are common, low educational level, alcoholic family history, many of them are peasants and poor. Average alcohol-consumption time is from 11-15 years, with average amount of 500-1000 ml/day, mainly rice wine. The rate of APD with delusions and hallucinations is highest (44.4%), high rate of delusion of persecution (66.7%), and followed by delusion of jealousy and delusion of being followed. Most common hallucinations are auditory (92.9%), mainly with menace content (61.5%). Visual and tactile hallucinations are also pretty high. Patient's behaviour is influenced by delusions and hallucinations. AUDIT results show all patients are alcohol addicts. Blood tests have no significant changes. Hepatic enzymes rise dramatically. Good response to haloperidol with average dose around 6-9mg/day, symptoms disapear after 4-6 days. The longer alcohol consumption time needs the longer delay for recovery. Clear corelation between the AUDIT reasults and recovery delay. Conclusion: APD has polymorphic symptomatology. Good response to antipsychotic medications. Key words: AUDIT (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test)

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