scholarly journals Monitoring fish communities through DNA metabarcoding in the fish pass system of the second largest hydropower plant in the world

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giorgi Dal Pont ◽  
Camila Duarte Ritter ◽  
Andre Olivotto Agostinis ◽  
Paula Valeska Stika ◽  
Aline Horodesky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fish Communities ◽  
Hydropower Plant ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Fish Diversity ◽  
Monitoring Methods ◽  
Taxonomic Assignment ◽  
Pass System ◽  
Fish Pass ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact

The Itaipu Hydroelectric Power Plant is the second largest in the world in power generation. The artificial barrier created by its dam imposes an obstacle for fish migration. Thus, in 2002, a fish pass system, named Piracema Channel, was built to allow fish to access areas upstream of the reservoir. We tested the potential of metabarcoding to monitor the impact of both the dam and associated fish pass system in the Parana River fish communities and to compare it with traditional monitoring methods. Using a fragment of the 12S gene, we characterized richness and community composition based on amplicon sequence variants, operational taxonomic units, and zero-radius OTUs. We combined GenBank and in-house data for taxonomic assignment. We found that different bioinformatics approaches showed similar results. Also, we found a decrease in fish diversity from 2019 to 2020 probably due to the recent extreme drought experienced in southeastern Brazil. The highest alpha diversity was recorded in the mouth of the fish pass system, located in a protected valley with the highest environmental heterogeneity. Despite the clear indication that the reference databases need to be continuously improved, our results demonstrate the analytical efficiency of the metabarcoding to monitor fish species.

scholarly journals Monitoring fish communities through environmental DNA metabarcoding in the fish pass system of the second largest hydropower plant in the world

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giorgi Dal Pont ◽  
Camila Duarte Ritter ◽  
Andre Olivotto Agostinis ◽  
Paula Valeska Stica ◽  
Aline Horodesky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fish Communities ◽  
Environmental Dna ◽  
Hydropower Plant ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Fish Diversity ◽  
Pass System ◽  
Fish Pass ◽  
Dna Metabarcoding ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe Itaipu Hydroelectric Power Plant is the second largest in the world in power generation. The artificial barrier created by its dam imposes an obstacle for fish migration. Thus, in 2002, a fish pass system, named Piracema Channel, was built to allow fish to access areas upstream of the reservoir. We tested the potential of environmental DNA metabarcoding to monitor the impact of both the dam and associated fish pass system in the Paraná River fish communities and to compare it with traditional monitoring methods. Using a fragment of the 12S gene, we characterized richness and community composition based on amplicon sequence variants, operational taxonomic units, and zero-radius OTUs. We combined GenBank and in-house data for taxonomic assignment. We found that different bioinformatics approaches showed similar results. Also, we found a decrease in fish diversity from 2019 to 2020 probably due to the recent extreme drought experienced in southeastern Brazil. The highest alpha diversity was recorded in the mouth of the fish pass system, located in a protected valley with the highest environmental heterogeneity. Despite the clear indication that the reference databases need to be continuously improved, our results demonstrate the analytical efficiency of the metabarcoding to monitor fish species.

scholarly journals The impact of climate change on water and energy security

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 2530-2546
Author(s):  
Mohammad Reza Goodarzi ◽  
Hamed Vagheei ◽  
Rabi H. Mohtar
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Hydropower Plant ◽  
Hydraulic Structures ◽  
Future Period ◽  
Future Performance ◽  
Hydropower Plants ◽  
The World ◽  
Fundamental Systems ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The interdependent fundamental systems, water and energy, face abundant challenges, one of which is climate change, which is expected to aggravate water and energy securities. The hydropower industry's benefits have led to its development and growth around the world. Nonetheless, climate change is expected to disturb the future performance of hydropower plants. This study looks at the Seimareh Hydropower Plant to assess the potential vulnerability of hydropower plants to climate change. Results indicate that climate change will affect the area's hydrological variables and suggest an increase in temperatures and decrease in precipitation during a 30-year future period (2040–2069). It is predicted that Seimareh Dam's inflow will decrease by between 5.2% and 13.4% in the same period. These hydrological changes will affect the Seimareh plant's performance: current predictions are that the total energy produced will decrease by between 8.4% and 16.3%. This research indicates the necessity of considering climate change impacts in designing and maintaining hydraulic structures to reach their optimal performance.

scholarly journals IMPACT OF A HYDROPOWER PLANT ON THE DOWNSTREAM REACH OF A RIVER/HIDROELEKTRINĖS POVEIKIS NEMUNO UPEI ŽEMUTINIAME BJEFE/ВОЗДЕЙСТВИЕ ГИДРОСТАНЦИИ НА РЕКУ НЯМУНАС В НИЖНЕМ БЬЕФЕ

2008 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 128-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Narimantas Zdankus ◽  
Saulius Vaikasas ◽  
Gintautas Sabas
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Sudden Change ◽  
Fish Communities ◽  
Hydropower Plant ◽  
Frequent Switching ◽  
Downstream Reach ◽  
River Reach ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Reinforcing Layer

The impact of a hydropower plant (HPP) on the environment, first of all on the riverbed of downstream reach as well as on fish communities is analysed in the paper. Frequent switching on and off of turbines has been determined to be the reason of intensive and long‐lasting riverbed scour, also significant reduction of fish communities. Each switching on and off of HPP turbines is found to cause a sudden change of water discharge and level in the downstream reach. Water level suddenly drops down after the turbine switches off. Uplift force of ground water flowing from a riverbed destructs a reinforcing layer of large ground particles formed during the self‐lining process. Scour of small particles from the bottom sets in. The riverbed deepens significantly until a new reinforcing layer forms. Suggestions are given to slow down turbine switching within technical possibilities. This simple measure allows to increase the length of a reflux wave, to reduce the speed of water level drop and the length of river reach under the scour danger. Santrauka Nagrinėjamas hidroelektrinės (HE) poveikis aplinkai, pirmiausia upės vagai žemutiniame bjefe, taip pat ir žuvims. Buvo nustatyta, kad dažnas HE turbinų įjungimas ir išjungimas yra pagrindinė intensyvaus ir ilgai trunkančio vagos plovimo, taip pat žymaus žuvų skaičiaus sumažėjimo priežastis. Žinoma, kad kiekvienas HE turbinos įjungimas sukelia staigų vandens debito ir lygio kitimą žemutiniame bjefe. Išjungiant turbiną vandens lygis staiga mažėja. Iš upės dugno ištekančio gruntinio vandens slėgio jėga sulaužo iš didžiausių grunto dalelių susidedantį apsauginį sluoksnelį, susidariusį savigrindos proceso metu. Prasideda smulkių grunto dalelių plovimas iš dugno. Upės dugnas žemėja, kol susidaro naujas apsauginis sluoksnis. Siūloma turbinų stabdymo procesą lėtinti kiek įmanoma iki techniškai priimtino mažiausio greičio. Ši paprasta priemonė leidžia padidinti atoslūgio bangos ilgį, sumažinti vandens lygio kritimo greitį ir sutrumpinti upės ruožo, kuriam grėstų plovimas, ilgį. Резюме Рассматривается воздействие гидростанции (ГС) на окружающую среду, в первую очередь на русло реки Нямунас в нижнем бьефе, а также на рыб. Было установлено, что частое включение и выключение турбин ГС является основной причиной интенсивного и длительного размыва русла реки, а также сокращения численности рыб. Известно, что каждое включение турбины ГС вызывает резкое колебание расхода и уровня реки в нижнем бьефе. После выключения турбины уровень воды резко понижается. Сила давления воды, вытекающей со дна реки, ломает защитный слой крупных частиц грунта, сформированный во время процесса самоотмостки. Начинается размыв мелких частиц грунта со дна. Дно реки понижается, пока не образуется новый защитный слой. Предлагается замедлить до технически возможной минимальную скорость остановки турбин. Этот простой способ позволяет увеличить длину волны отлива, уменьшить скорость падения уровня воды и сократить длину участка реки, которому грозит опасность размыва.

Exploring the World Trade Organisation's Trade and Environment/Public Health Jurisprudence as a Model for Incorporating a Trade–Labour Linkage into the Organisation's Multilateral Trade Regime: Should African Countries Accept a Policy Shift?

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-65
Author(s):  
Tapiwa V. Warikandwa ◽  
Patrick C. Osode
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
World Trade ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Trade Regime ◽  
Multilateral Trade ◽  
Appellate Body ◽  
The World ◽  
Labour Standards ◽  
The Impact

The incorporation of a trade-labour (standards) linkage into the multilateral trade regime of the World Trade Organisation (WTO) has been persistently opposed by developing countries, including those in Africa, on the grounds that it has the potential to weaken their competitive advantage. For that reason, low levels of compliance with core labour standards have been viewed as acceptable by African countries. However, with the impact of WTO agreements growing increasingly broader and deeper for the weaker and vulnerable economies of developing countries, the jurisprudence developed by the WTO Panels and Appellate Body regarding a trade-environment/public health linkage has the potential to address the concerns of developing countries regarding the potential negative effects of a trade-labour linkage. This article argues that the pertinent WTO Panel and Appellate Body decisions could advance the prospects of establishing a linkage of global trade participation to labour standards without any harm befalling developing countries.

Modernism, Empiricism, and Rationalism

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-47
Author(s):  
Geoffrey Squires
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Modern Poetry ◽  
Philosophical Perspective ◽  
Irish Poetry ◽  
Dimensional Spectrum ◽  
Culture History ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Rule Out

Modernism is usually defined historically as the composite movement at the beginning of the twentieth century which led to a radical break with what had gone before in literature and the other arts. Given the problems of the continuing use of the concept to cover subsequent writing, this essay proposes an alternative, philosophical perspective which explores the impact of rationalism (what we bring to the world) on the prevailing empiricism (what we take from the world) of modern poetry, which leads to a concern with consciousness rather than experience. This in turn involves a re-conceptualisation of the lyric or narrative I, of language itself as a phenomenon, and of other poetic themes such as nature, culture, history, and art. Against the background of the dominant empiricism of modern Irish poetry as presented in Crotty's anthology, the essay explores these ideas in terms of a small number of poets who may be considered modernist in various ways. This does not rule out modernist elements in some other poets and the initial distinction between a poetics of experience and one of consciousness is better seen as a multi-dimensional spectrum that requires further, more detailed analysis than is possible here.

Mechanisms of liver damage in COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (19) ◽  
pp. 39-46
Author(s):  
T. V. Pinchuk ◽  
N. V. Orlova ◽  
T. G. Suranova ◽  
T. I. Bonkalo
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Liver Transplantation ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Function ◽  
Liver Damage ◽  
The World ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Analyze Data

At the end of 2019, a new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) was discovered in China, causing the coronavirus infection COVID-19. The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic poses a major challenge to health systems around the world. There is still little information on how infection affects liver function and the significance of pre-existing liver disease as a risk factor for infection and severe COVID-19. In addition, some drugs used to treat the new coronavirus infection are hepatotoxic. In this article, we analyze data on the impact of COVID-19 on liver function, as well as on the course and outcome of COVID-19 in patients with liver disease, including hepatocellular carcinoma, or those on immunosuppressive therapy after liver transplantation.

Introduction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
George E. Dutton
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Vantage Point ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
The World ◽  
Catholic Mission ◽  
Historical Moment ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Main Figure

This chapter introduces the book’s main figure and situates him within the historical moment from which he emerges. It shows the degree to which global geographies shaped the European Catholic mission project. It describes the impact of the Padroado system that divided the world for evangelism between the Spanish and Portuguese crowns in the 15th century. It also argues that European clerics were drawing lines on Asian lands even before colonial regimes were established in the nineteenth century, suggesting that these earlier mapping projects were also extremely significant in shaping the lives of people in Asia. I argue for the value of telling this story from the vantage point of a Vietnamese Catholic, and thus restoring agency to a population often obscured by the lives of European missionaries.

ANALISIS DETERMINAN KUALITAS LINGKUNGAN PERIODE 1999-2013

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-20
Author(s):  
Ersalina Tang
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Meat Consumption ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
World Data ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of Foreign Direct Investment, Gross Domestic Product, Energy Consumption, Electric Consumption, and Meat Consumption on CO2 emissions of 41 countries in the world using panel data from 1999 to 2013. After analyzing 41 countries in the world data, furthermore 17 countries in Asia was analyzed with the same period. This study utilized quantitative approach with Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regression method. The results of 41 countries in the world data indicates that Foreign Direct Investment, Gross Domestic Product, Energy Consumption, and Meat Consumption significantlyaffect Environmental Qualities which measured by CO2 emissions. Whilst the results of 17 countries in Asia data implies that Foreign Direct Investment, Energy Consumption, and Electric Consumption significantlyaffect Environmental Qualities. However, Gross Domestic Product and Meat Consumption does not affect Environmental Qualities.

The Process of Globalization and Its Impact on Media

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 150
Author(s):  
Veton Zejnullahi
Keyword(s):  
New Technology ◽  
World Order ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Media Access ◽  
Four Corners ◽  
The World ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Human Eyes ◽  
The Impact

The process of globalization, which many times is considered as new world order is affecting all spheres of modern society but also the media. In this paper specifically we will see the impact of globalization because we see changing the media access to global problems in general being listed on these processes. We will see that the greatest difficulties will have small media as such because the process is moving in the direction of creating mega media which thanks to new technology are reaching to deliver news and information at the time of their occurrence through choked the small media. So it is fair to conclude that the rapid economic development and especially the technology have made the world seem "too small" to the human eyes, because for real-time we will communicate with the world with the only one Internet connection, and also all the information are take for the development of events in the four corners of the world and direct from the places when the events happen. Even Albanian space has not left out of this process because the media in the Republic of Albania and the Republic of Kosovo are adapted to the new conditions under the influence of the globalization process. This fact is proven powerful through creating new television packages, written the websites and newspapers in their possession.

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