scholarly journals Effectiveness of a novel non-intrusive continuous-use air decontamination technology to reduce microbial contamination in clinical settings: A multi-centric study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Savitha Nagaraj ◽  
Sindhulina Chandrasingh ◽  
Sanju Jose ◽  
Sofia B ◽  
Sriram Sampath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Performance ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Microbial Load ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Hospital Acquired Infections ◽  
Rdna Sequencing ◽  
Hospital Acquired

Background: Despite rigorous disinfection, fumigation and air treatment, infectious microbial load has been found to circulate and survive for significant duration in health care settings. This raises significant concerns for hospital acquired infections. We have developed a novel, hybrid, trap-and-kill airborne-microbicidal technology called ZeBox which is efficient in clearing 99.999% of airborne microbial load under controlled lab conditions. In this study we evaluate the clinical performance of the ZeBox in reducing airborne and surface microbial load in two independent hospital settings. Methods: The studies were conducted in single bed and multi bed ICU of two hospitals. Airborne and surface microbial loads were collected at pre-determined sampling sites pre- and post-deployment of the ZeBox enabled device. The Normality of data distribution was determined using the Shapiro-Wilk test. Statistical significance was determined using Students T test and Mann-Whitneys U test. Pathogenic and opportunistic organisms were characterized using 16S rDNA sequencing. Furthermore, the antibiotic sensitivity of the isolated organisms was tested against current treatments of choice across major antibiotic classes. Results: Post-deployment, we found statistically significant reductions in both airborne and surface microbial load within the operating range of the ZeBox enabled technology . Across the both hospital ICUs, there was 90% reduction of airborne microbial load on average, and 75% reduction of surface microbial load on average, providing a low bioburden zone of roughly 10-15 feet diameter around the unit. These reduced microbial levels were maintained during the entire duration of device operation over several weeks. Many of the clinical isolates recovered from one of the hospitals were drug resistant, which highlighted the potential ability of ZeBox to eliminate drug-resistant microbes and thereby reduce the frequency of hospital acquired infections. Conclusions: ZeBox enabled technology can significantly reduce a broad spectrum of microbial burden in air and on surfaces in clinical settings. It can thereby serve an unmet need in reducing the incidence of hospital acquired infections.

Antibiotic resistance: a modern view of the problem by the example of a multi-profile hospital

2021 ◽  
pp. 19-25
Author(s):  
L. Yu. Kulagina ◽  
I. R. Valiullina ◽  
E. R. Kadyseva ◽  
M. L. Maksimov
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Hospital Infections ◽  
Strategic Decisions ◽  
Hospital Acquired Infections ◽  
Empirical Antibacterial Therapy ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Hospital Acquired ◽  
Inpatient Department

Relevance. Conducting microbiological monitoring allows controlling hospital-acquired infections and making timely strategic decisions for epidemiologists and clinical pharmacologists. Objective of the work is to determine the tendency of prevailing problem microflora and to develop a strategy of empirical antibacterial therapy for severe nosocomial infections and inflammatory processes. Materials and methods. The article analyzes the main groups of pathogens of hospital infections in dynamics for the first quarter of 2018, 2019 and 2020. The relation of positive cultures to the total number of investigated samples was taken for the analysis. Antibiotic sensitivity was isolated, identified and determined using conventional mass spectrometry methods. The results. The stable sowing rate of Acinetobacter baumannii and Klebsiella pneumoniae in the intensive care and surgical departments was noted for the analyzed periods. To solve the issue of antibiotic resistance in the inpatient department, a strategy to contain it has been developed.

scholarly journals Molecular Epidemiology of Multi-Drug Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates from Hospitalized Patients in Greece

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1652
Author(s):  
Olga Pappa ◽  
Anastasia Maria Kefala ◽  
Kyriaki Tryfinopoulou ◽  
Marios Dimitriou ◽  
Kostas Kostoulas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Molecular Epidemiology ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Hospital Acquired Infections ◽  
Antimicrobial Sensitivity ◽  
Tertiary Hospitals ◽  
Hospital Acquired ◽  
First Time ◽  
Hospital Transmission

Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates are one of the major causes of both hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) and community-acquired infections (CAIs). However, management of P. aeruginosa infections is difficult as the bacterium is inherently resistant to many antibiotics. In this study, a collection of 75 P. aeruginosa clinical isolates from two tertiary hospitals from Athens and Alexnadroupolis in Greece was studied to assess antimicrobial sensitivity and molecular epidemiology. All P. aeruginosa isolates were tested for susceptibility to 11 commonly used antibiotics, and the newly introduced Double Locus Sequence Typing (DLST) scheme was implemented to elucidate the predominant clones. The tested P. aeruginosa isolates presented various resistant phenotypes, with Verona Integron-Mediated Metallo-β-lactamase (VIM-2) mechanisms being the majority, and a new phenotype, FEPR-CAZS, being reported for the first time in Greek isolates. DLST revealed two predominant types, 32-39 and 8-37, and provided evidence for intra-hospital transmission of the 32-39 clone in one of the hospitals. The results indicate that DLST can be a valuable tool when local outbreaks demand immediate tracking investigation with limited time and financial resources.

scholarly journals Antibiotic resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii as agent of surgery infection and approaches to its overcoming by means of deca-methoxinum antiseptic

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 18-22
Author(s):  
O A Nazarchuk ◽  
V I Nahaichuk
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Clinical Strains ◽  
Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations ◽  
Hospital Acquired Infections ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Burn Disease ◽  
Hospital Acquired

Introduction. Non-fermenting Gram-negative bacilli are known as one of the most frequent causative agents of hospital-acquired infections. Acinetobacter baumannii, as causative agent of infection complications of different localization, has obtained recently high resistance to anti-biotics and has belonged to ESKAPE group of pathogens. Antimicrobials, recommended for the prophylaxis and therapy of hospital-acquired infections, have been failing in their effectiveness and lead to selection of antibiotic resistant strains of A. baumannii. The aim of this research was to substantiate the way of overcoming of resistance in clinical strains of A. baumannii, by means of synergic antimicrobial activity of antibiotics and antiseptic decamethoxinum®. Material and methods. The research was carried out on 190 clinical strains of A. baumannii, isolated from patients with burn disease during the period 2011–2015. The sensitivity of clinical strains of A. baumannii was determined to such antibiotics as ampicillin/sulbactam, cefoperazone, cefoperazone/sulbactam, meropenem, imipenem, amikacin, ciprofloxacin, gatifloxacin and antiseptic decamethoxinum® (DCM; Registration certificate No UA/14444/01/01 since 24.06.2015. Order of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine No 373). The sensitivity of A. baumannii to antibiotics and DCM was determined by means of disk diffusion test and serial dilution (Order of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine No167 since 05.04.2007; EUCAST expert rules).The study of the influence of antiseptic DCM on the sensitivity of acinetobacteria to antibiotics was studied on 35 clinical strains of A. baumannii, drafted from the general number of isolates enrolled in the research. For this, the sensitivity of A. baumannii to antibiotics in the presence of sub-minimal inhibitory concentrations (subMIC) of DCM was identified. The received experimental data were analyzed by “Statistica 6.0”. Results and discussion. The changes of antibiotic sensitivity profile of A. baumannii for five years were shown. It was found that the sensitivity of A. baumannii to majority of antibiotics, selected for study, decreased significantly. But the only ampicillin/sulbactam was found to have vice versa tendency. We found the rising quantity of antibiotic resistant strains of A. baumannii. At the same time, high resistance of acinetobacteria to fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin– 96,1%; gatifloxacin– 95,8%) was found in 2015. The in vitro research of combined activity of DCM antiseptic remedy and early mentioned antibiotics against clinical strains of A. baumannii demonstrated the reveal antibiotic effectiveness. As follows, minimal inhibitory concentrations of antibiotics decreased in 1.5–4 times in the mediums which contained subMIC of DCM. Especially this tendency was found in resistant clinical strains. Conclusion. Under selective influence of antibiotics protected by β-lactamase inhibitors, carbapenems, fluoroquinolones aminoglycosides increase the antibiotic resistance in A. baumannii, causative agents of infectious complications in patients with burn disease. The antiseptic remedy decamethoxinum® helps to improve antibiotic sensitivity in resistant A. baumannii.

scholarly journals Acinetobacter endocarditis: a rare nosocomial infection of native heart valves

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shervin Shokouhi ◽  
Ghodsieh Kamrani ◽  
Iman Ghasemzadeh ◽  
Mana Baziboroun
Keyword(s):  
Heart Valves ◽  
Bacterial Pathogen ◽  
Surgical Excision ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Hospital Acquired Infections ◽  
First Case ◽  
Life Saving ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Hospital Acquired ◽  
Timely Treatment

Acinetobacter baumannii is an opportunistic bacterial pathogen predominantly associated with hospital-acquired infections. Here we present a case of infective endocarditis of native Mitral and Aorta valves caused by A. baumannii in a 73-year-old man. He underwent surgical excision and Pathologic specimen showed A. baumannii growth after 48 hours that was exten- sively drug-resistant (XDR). He was treated with colistin and tigecycline. Finally, he discharged with no important compli- cation. To our best knowledge, it is the first case of Acinetobacter endocarditis has ever been reported in Iran. Although XDR A. baumannii is a life-threatening pathogen, proper and timely treatment can be life-saving.

scholarly journals In vitro and in vivo activity of GT-1, a novel siderophore cephalosporin, and GT-055, a broad-spectrum β-lactamase inhibitor, against biothreat and ESKAPE pathogens

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie A. Halasohoris ◽  
Jennifer M. Scarff ◽  
Lisa M. Pysz ◽  
Sanae Lembirik ◽  
Margaret M. Lemmon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Hospital Acquired Infections ◽  
Broad Array ◽  
Eskape Pathogens ◽  
Hospital Acquired ◽  
Difficult Issue ◽  
Lactamase Inhibitor

AbstractAntimicrobial-resistance (AMR) has become an increasingly difficult issue to overcome for bacteria associated with both community- and hospital-acquired infections as well as potential biodefense threats. The need to identify new therapeutics of novel classes and/or with unique mechanisms is critical to combatting AMR in the coming years. GT-1 (LCB10-0200), a siderophore-linked cephalosporin, is one such novel option and is formulated to be used either alone or in combination with a novel broad-spectrum β-lactamase inhibitor, GT-055 (LCB18-055). This study assessed the in vitro and in vivo efficacy of GT-1 and GT-055 against a broad array of multi-drug resistant and biothreat pathogens. Here, we demonstrated sub-4 µg ml−1 efficacy against a number of pathogens in vitro. We further determined that in mice infected via aerosol route with Yersinia pestis, efficacy of GT-1/GT-055 treatment is at least equivalent to the comparator antibiotic, ciprofloxacin.

scholarly journals Trap and kill of environmental microbes: Validation of a novel decontamination technology in Hospital ICU setting

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanju Jose ◽  
Kruttika S. Phadke ◽  
Janani Venkatraman ◽  
Bhuvana Krishna ◽  
Sriram Sampath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Test Chamber ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Immune Systems ◽  
Hospital Acquired Infections ◽  
Kill Rate ◽  
Hospital Acquired ◽  
Central Paradigm ◽  
Do So ◽  
Game Changer ◽  
Environmental Microbes

AbstractNosocomial infections, also known as hospital-acquired infections (HAI), appear 48 hours or more after hospital admission and are independent of the original infirmity of the patient. To prevent or to reduce HAI, the central paradigm is to construct protective barriers between the large number of people who are sick and whose immune systems are compromised in the precincts of the hospital. Microbes that result in HAI do so by two routes of infection: touch and aerosol. We describe here ZeBox technology, a voltage induced synergistic killing of the microbe on designed surfaces, as a game-changer in this domain. Its kill rate is hitherto unmatched by any known chemical or non-chemical (viz; UV, ionisation) technology. In an enclosed test chamber, under challenge conditions, ZeBox technology can kill about a billion microbes in 10 minutes. When tested under clinical settings, the device could effectively reduce microbes, both from air and surfaces with more than 90% efficiency. The optimum requirement to reduce HAI would be to construct an online microbicidal device that operates in a continuous trap and kill mode in the background of people and patient movement, and decontaminates air and surfaces. We present unequivocal data to fortify our claims of online, continuous, safe, trap and kill mechanism of ZeBox technology.

scholarly journals Structure of ATP synthase from ESKAPE pathogen Acinetobacter baumannii

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julius K Demmer ◽  
Ben P Phillips ◽  
O Lisa Uhrig ◽  
Alain Filloux ◽  
Luke P Allsopp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Atp Synthase ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Conformational States ◽  
F1fo Atp Synthase ◽  
Antibiotic Development ◽  
Hospital Acquired Infections ◽  
Novel Therapeutics ◽  
Hospital Acquired

Acinetobacter baumannii is a clinically relevant pathogen which causes multi-drug resistant, hospital-acquired infections and is a top priority target for antibiotic development. Cryo-EM structures of the A. baumannii F1Fo-ATP synthase in three conformational states reveal unique features, which represent attractive sites for the development of novel therapeutics.

scholarly journals MRSA Community-acquired Pneumonia: Non COVID-19 Related Bilateral Ground-glass Opacities

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-79
Author(s):  
Nasam Alfraji
Keyword(s):  
Unusual Case ◽  
Hospital Setting ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Ground Glass ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Poor Clinical Outcome ◽  
Hospital Acquired Infections ◽  
Keywords Mrsa ◽  
High Index Of Suspicion ◽  
Hospital Acquired

Methicillin-resistant staph aureus (MRSA) has been known to cause severe hospital-acquired infections with its multi-drug resistant nature. MRSA Infections could quickly escalate into severe sepsis resulting in death, if not recognized and treated abruptly. This pathogen uncommonly causes Community-Acquired Pneumonia (CAP), which can lead to under treatment due to delayed coverage with anti-MRSA antibiotics resulting in poor clinical outcome. We herein describe an unusual case of MRSA CAP during COVID-19 pandemic in an 80-year-old male who was unresponsive and found to be in septic shock, intubated outside the hospital setting, and then brought to intensive care unit for further management. Laboratory and radiographic studies revealed MRSA in sputum culture and extensive bilateral consolidation with bilateral ground glass opacities and pleural effusions on imaging. Our patient was successfully treated with linezolid and extubated within 48 hours with a favorable outcome. High index of suspicion and a timely coverage with anti-MRSA antibiotics would reduce mortality and lead to a better outcome in otherwise fatal infection. Keywords: MRSA; Community-acquired pneumonia; Respiratory failure; Critical care; Case report

scholarly journals Antibacterial Effect of Hydroalcoholic Extracts of Herbal Plants Against Some Hospital-Acquired Infections

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 133-138
Author(s):  
Hassan Habibi ◽  
◽  
Noorsaadat Saajedi ◽  
Najmeh Ghahtan ◽  
Saajedeh Habibi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Antibacterial Effect ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Herbal Extract ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Hospital Acquired Infections ◽  
Herbal Plants ◽  
Hospital Acquired

Background: Due to increased bacterial resistance to common antibiotics, the tendency towards using herbal extracts is increasing. Plantago major L, Plantago ovata, Lallemantia iberica L, Sinapis arvensis L, and Ficus carica  are widely used as herbal plants in traditional medicine. They were known to have a variety of therapeutic effects. The current study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of hydroalcoholic extract of these herbs against some hospital-acquired infections. Materials and Methods: Disk-diffusion antibiotic sensitivity testing, minimum inhibitory concentration, and minimum bactericidal concentration of hydroalcoholic extracts were applied to assess the antibacterial activity compared with tetracycline, as a control antibiotic. Results: The results of this experiment showed that the L. iberica and S. arvensis extract had the greatest effect on Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Proteus vulgaris. All the tested medicinal plants had a high antibacterial effect on P. vulgaris, except P. ovata. Conclusion: The results of this study show that the replacement of chemical drugs with herbal extract could be effective in the elimination of bacterial growth.

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