scholarly journals Relationships between barley consumption and gut microbiome characteristics in a healthy Japanese population: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsubasa Matsuoka ◽  
Koji Hosomi ◽  
Jonguk Park ◽  
Yuka Goto ◽  
Mao Nishimura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Japanese Population ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Objective: Barley contains abundant soluble β –glucan fibres, which have established health benefits. In addition, the health benefits conferred by the gut microbiota have attracted considerable interest. However, few studies have focused on the barley intake and microbiota of the Japanese population. In this study, we aimed to identify the relationship between the barley consumption and gut microbiota composition of the Japanese population. Research Methods & Procedures: A total of 236 participants were recruited in Japan, and 94 participants with no complication of diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia were selected for the study. We analysed faecal samples from the participants, their medical check –up results, and responses to questionnaires about dietary habits. The participants were grouped according to their median barley intake. Then, we assessed the relative abundance of 50 microbial genera throughout the group and selected 20 that differed at P < 0.1 (Mann–Whitney U –test). We also analysed the networks and clustering of the 20 selected genera. Results: According to their relative abundance, Bifidobacterium, Anaerostipes, and Butyricicoccus were candidate characteristic microbiota of the group that consumed large amounts of barley (P < 0.05). Furthermore, network and cluster analyses revealed that barley directly correlated with Bifidobacterium and Butyricicoccus. Conclusions: Barley consumption generates changes in the intestinal microbiota of the Japanese population. We found that Bifidobacterium, Anaerostipes, and Butyricicoccus abundance was positively associated with barley consumption. This study showed that barley is important for gut microbiota and relates to Japanese traditional food like natto.

scholarly journals Association between Cigarette Smoking Status and Composition of Gut Microbiota: Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Su Hwan Lee ◽  
Yeojun Yun ◽  
Soo Jung Kim ◽  
Eun-Ju Lee ◽  
Yoosoo Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Former Smokers ◽  
Never Smokers ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

There have been few large-scale studies on the relationship between smoking and gut microbiota. We investigated the relationship between smoking status and the composition of gut microbiota. This was a population-based cross-sectional study using Healthcare Screening Center cohort data. A total of 758 men were selected and divided into three groups: never (n = 288), former (n = 267), and current smokers (n = 203). Among the three groups, there was no difference in alpha diversity, however, Jaccard-based beta diversity showed significant difference (p = 0.015). Pairwise permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) tests between never and former smokers did not show a difference; however, there was significant difference between never and current smokers (p = 0.017) and between former and current smokers (p = 0.011). Weighted UniFrac-based beta diversity also showed significant difference among the three groups (p = 0.038), and pairwise PERMANOVA analysis of never and current smokers showed significant difference (p = 0.01). In the analysis of bacterial composition, current smokers had an increased proportion of the phylum Bacteroidetes with decreased Firmicutes and Proteobacteria compared with never smokers, whereas there were no differences between former and never smokers. In conclusion, gut microbiota composition of current smokers was significantly different from that of never smokers. Additionally, there was no difference in gut microbiota composition between never and former smokers.

scholarly journals Unique Habitual Food Intakes in the Gut Microbiota Cluster Associated with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 3816
Author(s):  
Yuriko Kondo ◽  
Yoshitaka Hashimoto ◽  
Masahide Hamaguchi ◽  
Shinto Ando ◽  
Ayumi Kaji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Japanese Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Fermented Foods ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Glucosidase Inhibitors ◽  
The Relationship

This cross-sectional study aimed to clarify the characteristic gut microbiota of Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) using t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding analysis and the k-means method and to clarify the relationship with background data, including dietary habits. The gut microbiota data of 383 patients with T2DM and 114 individuals without T2DM were classified into red, blue, green, and yellow groups. The proportions of patients with T2DM in the red, blue, green, and yellow groups was 86.8% (112/129), 69.8% (81/116), 76.3% (90/118), and 74.6% (100/134), respectively; the red group had the highest prevalence of T2DM. There were no intergroup differences in sex, age, or body mass index. The red group had higher percentages of the Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus genera and lower percentages of the Blautia and Phascolarctobacterium genera. Higher proportions of patients with T2DM in the red group used α-glucosidase inhibitors and glinide medications and had a low intake of fermented soybean foods, including miso soup, than those in the other groups. The gut microbiota pattern of the red group may indicate characteristic changes in the gut microbiota associated with T2DM in Japan. These results also suggest that certain diabetes drugs and fermented foods may be involved in this change. Further studies are needed to confirm the relationships among traditional dietary habits, the gut microbiota, and T2DM in Japan.

scholarly journals Alterations of the Gut Microbiota in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 or H1N1 Influenza

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (10) ◽  
pp. 2669-2678 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silan Gu ◽  
Yanfei Chen ◽  
Zhengjie Wu ◽  
Yunbo Chen ◽  
Hainv Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
H1n1 Influenza ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Influenza A H1n1

Abstract Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an emerging serious global health problem. Gastrointestinal symptoms are common in COVID-19 patients, and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 RNA has been detected in stool specimens. However, the relationship between the gut microbiome and disease remains to be established. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study of 30 patients with COVID-19, 24 patients with influenza A(H1N1), and 30 matched healthy controls (HCs) to identify differences in the gut microbiota by 16S ribosomal RNA gene V3–V4 region sequencing. Results Compared with HCs, COVID-19 patients had significantly reduced bacterial diversity; a significantly higher relative abundance of opportunistic pathogens, such as Streptococcus, Rothia, Veillonella, and Actinomyces; and a lower relative abundance of beneficial symbionts. Five biomarkers showed high accuracy for distinguishing COVID-19 patients from HCs with an area under the curve (AUC) up to 0.89. Patients with H1N1 displayed lower diversity and different overall microbial composition compared with COVID-19 patients. Seven biomarkers were selected to distinguish the 2 cohorts (AUC = 0.94). Conclusions The gut microbial signature of patients with COVID-19 was different from that of H1N1 patients and HCs. Our study suggests the potential value of the gut microbiota as a diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target for COVID-19, but further validation is needed.

scholarly journals Gut microbiota: effect of pubertal status

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Yuan ◽  
Ruimin Chen ◽  
Ying Zhang ◽  
Xiangquan Lin ◽  
Xiaohong Yang
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Gut Microflora ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pubertal Status ◽  
Alpha And Beta Diversity ◽  
Puberty Stages ◽  
Androgen Levels

Abstract Background The make-up of gut microbiota at different puberty stages has not been reported. This cross-sectional study analyzed the bio-diversity of gut microbiota at different puberty stages. Result The subjects (aged 5–15 years) were divided into non-pubertal (n = 42, male%: 66.7%) or pubertal groups (n = 47, male%:44.68); in both groups, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria were the dominant phylum. There was no difference of alpha- and beta-diversity among disparate puberty stages. Non-pubertal subjects had members of the order Clostridiales, family Clostridiaceae, genus Coprobacillus which were significantly more prevalent than puberty subjects. Also, the pubertal subjects had members of class Betaproteobacteria, order Burkholderiales which were significantly more prevalent than the non-pubertal subjects. Their relative abundance was independent of BMI-Z. In the pubertal subjects, the abundance of genus Adlercreutzia, Ruminococcus, Dorea, Clostridium and Parabacteroides was associated with the level of testosterone. Conclusions This is the first report of the diversity of gut microbiota at different puberty stages. The various species of gut microbiota changed gradually associated with puberty stages. Differences in gut microflora at different pubertal status may be related to androgen levels.

scholarly journals Association of Healthy Diet with Recovery Time from COVID-19: Results from a Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (16) ◽  
pp. 8248
Author(s):  
Faisal F. Alamri ◽  
Aslam Khan ◽  
Abdulaziz O. Alshehri ◽  
Ahmed Assiri ◽  
Shahd I. Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Recovery Time ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Healthy Diet ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Relationship

The world is still in need of an effective therapy to treat coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). This cross-sectional study was conducted on COVID-19 survivors in Saudi Arabia to investigate the influence of a healthy diet on the recovery time from COVID-19. A questionnaire was developed to assess participants’ dietary habits, based on the 2015 Dutch food-based dietary guidelines. A total of 738 COVID-19 survivors participated in the study, of whom 237 (32.1%) were hospitalized for COVID-19 treatment while 501 (76.9%) were not hospitalized, and 320 (43.4%) were females and 418 (56.6%) were males. Overall, no significant difference was noted in healthy diet score between males and females; however, this score was significantly lower for Saudis compared to non-Saudis. Among the non-hospitalized patients, eating a more healthy diet was associated with a shorter duration of recovery (p < 0.05) and was significantly affected by gender (15.8 ± 9.3 male vs. 12.1 ± 8.9 female; p < 0.001) and marital status (12.1 ± 8.4 singles vs. 13.7 ± 9.3 married vs. 16.1 ± 11.8 divorced; p < 0.05). In contrast, no significant correlation was found with age or BMI. In this study, a more healthy diet was associated with a shorter duration of recovery from COVID-19. However, further studies are needed to thoroughly investigate the relationship between diet and recovery time from COVID-19.

scholarly journals Gut Microbiota: Effect of Pubertal Status

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Yuan ◽  
Ruimin Chen ◽  
Ying Zhang ◽  
Xiangquan Lin ◽  
Xiaohong Yang
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Gut Microflora ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pubertal Status ◽  
Alpha And Beta Diversity ◽  
Puberty Stages ◽  
Androgen Levels

Abstract Background: The make-up of gut microbiota at different puberty stages has not been reported. This cross-sectional study analyzed the bio-diversity of gut microbiota at different puberty stages. Result: The subjects (aged 5-15 years) were divided into non-pubertal (n=42, male%: 66.7%) or pubertal groups (n=47, male%:44.68); in both groups, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria were the dominant phylum. There was no difference of alpha- and beta-diversity among disparate puberty stages. Non-pubertal subjects had members of the order Clostridiales, family Clostridiaceae, genus Coprobacillus which were significantly more prevalent than puberty subjects. Also, the pubertal subjects had members of class Betaproteobacteria, order Burkholderiales which were significantly more prevalent than the non-pubertal subjects. Their relative abundance was independent of BMI-Z. In the pubertal subjects, the abundance of genus Adlercreutzia, Ruminococcus, Dorea, Clostridium and Parabacteroides was associated with the level of testosterone.Conclusions: This is the first report of the diversity of gut microbiota at different puberty stages. The various species of gut microbiota changed gradually associated with puberty stages. Differences in gut microflora at different pubertal status may be related to androgen levels.

scholarly journals Vegan Diet and the Gut Microbiota Composition in Healthy Adults

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 2402
Author(s):  
Emily A. Losno ◽  
Katharina Sieferle ◽  
Federico J. Armando Perez-Cueto ◽  
Christian Ritz
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
The Body ◽  
Vegan Diet ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Maintenance ◽  
Faecal Analysis ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

The human gut microbiota are the microorganisms (generally bacteria and archaea) that live in the digestive tracts of humans. Due to their numerous functions, the gut microbiota can be considered a virtual organ of the body, playing a pivotal role in health maintenance. Dietary habits contribute to gut microbiota composition, and evidence from observational and intervention studies suggest that vegan diets may promote health, potentially through affecting the diverse ecosystem of beneficial bacteria in the gut. A systematic literature search was conducted on PubMed and Scopus to identify studies investigating the microbiota composition in vegans. Vegans are defined as people excluding food products that are derived from animals from their diet. Nine observational studies were identified. The main outcome of the systematic review was an increase in Bacteroidetes on the phylum level and a higher abundance of Prevotella on the genus level. In conclusion, the present systematic literature review highlighted some benefits of a vegan diet but also demonstrated the complexity of evaluating results from gut microbiota research. The available evidence only consisted of cross-sectional studies, therefore suggesting the need for well-designed randomised controlled trials. Furthermore, the quality assessment of the studies included in the review suggested a lack of standardised and validated methods for participant selection as well as for faecal sampling and faecal analysis.

Relationship between protein intake in each meal and physical activity level : Cross-sectional Study (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takae Shinto ◽  
Saneyuki Makino ◽  
Yu Tahara ◽  
Lie Nitta ◽  
Mai Kuwahara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Daily Physical Activity ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Total N ◽  
The Relationship

BACKGROUND Protein intake plays an important role in the synthesis and maintenance of skeletal muscle　in the prevention of health risks. It is also widely known that physical activity influences muscle function. However, no large-scale studies have examined the relationship between daily dietary habits, especially the timing of protein intake, and daily physical activity. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between protein intake and composition during the three meals and the amount of daily physical activity using a cross-sectional study design. METHODS Using the daily dietary data accumulated in the phone food-log application “Asken” and a web-based cross-sectional survey to the Asken users (total N = 8,458), we analyzed the nutrient intake and daily activity levels. RESULTS Correlation analysis revealed that breakfast and lunch protein intake had higher positive correlations with daily physical activity among the three major macronutrients (protein, fat, and carbohydrate). These findings were confirmed by multiple regression analysis with confounding factors. Also, participants with higher protein intake and composition at breakfast or lunch tended to exhibit significantly greater physical activity than those with the higher protein intake at dinner. CONCLUSIONS Among the three macronutrients, protein intake during breakfast and lunch was closely associated with daily physical activity.

scholarly journals Physical activity and gut microbiota: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
F Gallè ◽  
F Valeriani ◽  
M Antinozzi ◽  
R Liguori ◽  
G Gianfranceschi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Bacterial Phyla ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Abstract Background The composition of gut microbiota, and in particular the intestinal abundance of the two main bacterial phyla of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, are associated with human health and diseases and may be conditioned by host and environmental factors such as age, gender and diet. The role of Physical Activity (PA) in determining gut microbiota composition has not been yet completely clarified. A cross-sectional study involving undergraduates from two Italian cities is ongoing to explore this relationship. Methods Students were invited to provide a fecal sample and to complete the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) in order to define their habitual PA level (inactive, minimally active, health enhancing physical activity -HEPA- active). Demographic and anthropometric information were also collected. DNA from fecal samples was analyzed through the 16S amplicon sequencing. Microbial composition and variability of the samples were evaluated on the light of participants' PA levels. Results A total of 153 students (47.7% males, mean age 22.4±2.9, mean BMI 22.3±2.7) participated to the study so far. Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were the main represented phyla. An increase in Firmicutes (58.3±16 to 61.4±13.3, p = 0.68) and a reduction in Bacteroidetes (32.6±14.8 to 30.3±11.4, p = 0.51) have been registered with the increase of PA level. A higher variability (expressed as Shannon α-index) has been detected in minimally active (3.39±0.03) and HEPA-active (3.41±0) individuals respect to inactive subjects (3.35±0.07) (p = 0.05). Conclusions Even if they are not significant, these preliminary results suggest a relationship between PA levels and gut microbiota composition. An active lifestyle seems to be associated with a greater microbial diversity in the gut. Further researches are needed to explain these findings. Key messages Physical activity seems to be associated with gut microbiota composition. A greater variability in gut microbiota was found in active people.

scholarly journals BMI and age associated variations in the gut microbiome: A pan India, cross sectional study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kumaresan Nallasamy ◽  
Sucheta Gokhale ◽  
Anirban Bhaduri ◽  
Ashok Kumar Dubey
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Gut Bacteria ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Other Hand

Abstract In the current study, we aimed to investigate the association between gut microbiome composition and two physiological factors, BMI and age. We did not observe a significant relationship between occurrence of gut bacteria with BMI or age alone. On the other hand, we observed BMI and age together played an important role in impacting gut microbiota composition. Comparison of the microbiota of normal and obese subjects for the each of 20s and 50s group revealed 13 gut bacteria that show significantly different relative abundance in the two groups. We observed that certain organisms show opposite trends within the two age groups. Haemophilus parainfluenzae relative abundance was found to be increased in obese-20s group while reduced in obese-50s group. Relative abundance of organisms such as Mitsuokella jalaludini and Blautia obeum were reduced in obese-20s group while increased in obese-50s group as compared to the normal subjects of respective age group. On the other hand, a reduction in the average relative abundance of both M. jalaludini and B. obeum for obese group as compared to the normal in pan-India only BMI-based group comparison. While studying obesity-related gut microbiota changes, it is critical to consider multiple factors such as age and geography into the study design.

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