scholarly journals Mitochondrial Haplogroup Association with Fasting Glucose Response in African Americans Treated with a Thiazide Diuretic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bre A Minniefield ◽  
Nicole Armstrong ◽  
Vinodh Srinivasasainagendra ◽  
Hermant K Tiwari ◽  
Scott W Ballinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Mitochondrial Genome ◽  
Thiazide Diuretic ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Mitochondrial Haplogroups ◽  
Glucose Response ◽  
Diuretic Treatment

Hypertensive African Americans have ~50% response rate to thiazide diuretic treatment. This contributes to a high prevalence of uncontrolled high blood pressure. Here, we examine the role the mitochondrial genome has on thiazide diuretic treatment response in hypertensive African Americans enrolled in a clinical trial. Participants from the Antihypertensive and Lipid Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT, n= 4279) were genotyped using the Illumina Infinium Multi-Ethnic Beadchip. Haplotype groups were called using HaploGrep. We used linear regression analysis to examine the association between mitochondrial haplogroups (L, M, and N) and change in blood pressure and change in fasting glucose over 6 months and two years, respectively. The analysis revealed a null association between mitochondrial haplogroups M and N vs. L for each of the outcomes. In subgroup analysis, the L subclades L1, L2, and L3/L4 (vs. L0) were each inversely associated with fasting glucose response (p < 0.05). This discovery analysis suggests the mitochondrial genome has a small effect on fasting glucose but not blood pressure response to thiazide diuretic treatment in African Americans.

Abstract P221: Metabolic Syndrome And Its Factors Associate With Non-calcified Coronary Plaque Burden In Chronic Inflammation: Results From A Prospective Observational Study

Circulation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 143 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Meron Teklu ◽  
Wunan Zhou ◽  
Nidhi Patel ◽  
Grigory Manyak ◽  
Amit K Dey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Coronary Plaque ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Plaque Burden ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
Lipid Lowering Therapy ◽  
Early Atherosclerosis

Introduction: Psoriasis is a common, inflammatory skin disease associated with systemic inflammation and heightened risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Population studies have shown that psoriasis is associated with metabolic syndrome (MetSyn) and its individual components. However, the impact of MetSyn on early atherosclerosis in chronic inflammatory diseases assessed as non-calcified coronary plaque burden (NCB) by coronary computed CT angiography (CCTA) is not known. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that those with MetSyn in psoriasis would have increased NCB compared to non-MetSyn and that MetSyn and its components would associate with NCB in fully adjusted models. Methods: The cohort consisted of 336 psoriasis patients free of cardiovascular disease, of which 326 had adequate data to classify MetSyn based on the International Diabetes Federation criteria (waist circumference, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, blood pressure and fasting glucose). Of these, 260 had quantitative CCTA data available for analyses (Stata 16). Results: Of the 260 patients, 80 had MetSyn (31%). The MetSyn group had increased cardiometabolic disease and more adverse coronary characteristics including higher non-calcified ( p <.001) and high-risk plaque ( p =.02) (Table) . In fully adjusted models for Framingham risk score, lipid lowering therapy and biologic use, MetSyn (β=0.31; p< .001) and its individual components of waist circumference (β=0.33; p <.001), triglycerides (β=0.17; p =.005), blood pressure (β=0.18; p =.005) and fasting glucose (β=0.17; p =.009) associated with NCB. Conclusions: MetSyn and its components were associated with NCB in psoriasis suggesting that early atherosclerosis is importantly impacted by poor cardiometabolic health. Components of MetSyn should be assessed in psoriasis patients and patients educated about this heightened risk of CVD associated with MetSyn.

scholarly journals Sex-specific normal values and determinants of infrarenal abdominal aortic diameter among non-aneurysmal elderly population

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang Zhu ◽  
Banafsheh Arshi ◽  
M. Arfan Ikram ◽  
Robert J. De Knegt ◽  
Maryam Kavousi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Effect Estimate ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Abdominal Aortic

AbstractTo establish age- and sex-specific distribution of the infrarenal abdominal aortic diameters (IAD) among non-aneurysmal elderly population and to investigate the associations between traditional cardiovascular risk factors and IAD in men and women. We included 4032 participants (mean age 67.2 years; 60.4% women) from the population-based Rotterdam Study, free of cardiovascular disease, who underwent IAD ultrasound assessment between 2009–2014. Linear regression analysis was used to identify determinants of IAD. The medians (inter-quartile range) of absolute IAD and body surface area (BSA)-adjusted IAD were 17.0 (15.0–18.0) mm and 9.3 (8.5–10.2) mm for women and 19.0 (18.0–21.0) mm and 9.4 (8.6–10.3) mm for men, respectively. There was a non-linear relationship between age and IAD. IAD increased steeply with advancing age and up to 70 years. After around 75 years of age, the diameter values reached a plateau. Waist circumference and diastolic blood pressure were associated with larger diameters in both sexes. Body mass index [Effect estimate (95% CI): 0.04 (0.00 to 0.08)], systolic blood pressure [− 0.01(− 0.02 to 0.00)], current smoking [0.35 (0.06 to 0.65)], total cholesterol levels [− 0.21 (− 0.31 to − 0.11)], and lipid-lowering medication [− 0.43 (− 0.67 to − 0.19)] were significantly associated with IAD in women. Sex differences in IAD values diminished after taking BSA into account. The increase in diameters was attenuated after 70 years. Differences were observed in the associations of several cardiovascular risk factors with IAD among men and women.

Abstract 9796: Association of Unrecognized Myocardial Infarctions With Impaired Fasting Glucose in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 130 (suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard B Stacey ◽  
Paul E Leaverton ◽  
Douglas D Schocken ◽  
Alain G Bertoni
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Impaired Fasting Glucose ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Medication Use ◽  
Myocardial Infarctions ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Ethnic Study ◽  
Normal Fasting Glucose

Background: It has been estimated that approximately 25% of initial myocardial infarctions (MI) are unrecognized (UMI). The prognostic implications of UMI’s have been shown to be as severe as those of symptomatic MI’s. Risk factors for UMI’s are not well understood. Because diabetes mellitus is known to be a risk factor for UMI, it is reasonable to investigate impaired fasting glucose (IFG) as a candidate risk factor. Additionally, it has recently been estimated that up to one-third of all adult Americans have IFG. Methods: The relationship between IFG and UMI was examined in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA): a cohort of individuals aged 45 to 84 years without clinical cardiovascular disease. At baseline, participants with normal fasting glucose (NFG; n = 4955) and IFG (n=930) underwent a baseline 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG). Using Minnesota code, an UMI was identified by the presence of pathological Q waves or minor Q waves with ST-T abnormalities. Crude and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) were calculated. Logistic regression was used to adjust for covariates in 2 models. Model 1 adjusted for age, race, gender, and body mass index. Model 2 adjusted for model 1 + systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, anti-hypertensive medication use, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, lipid-lowering medication use, and cigarette use. Results: The sample was 46% male, 41% white, 26% black, 20% Hispanic, and 12% Asian. There were 72 UMIs identified in the normal fasting glucose (NFG) subjects and 30 UMIs among the IFG subjects. The two corresponding prevalences (1.4% vs. 3.2%) resulted in a crude OR for UMI of 2.26 (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.47-3.48; p<0.001). With model 1 adjustments, the OR for UMI in IFG compared with NFG was 1.78 (95% CI: 1.12-2.8; p=0.015). With further adjustments in model 2, this relationship remained significant (OR: 1.63 (95% CI: 1.02-2.56); p=0.041). Conclusion: Unrecognized myocardial infarctions by electrocardiogram are associated with impaired fasting glucose in a population without overt cardiovascular disease. Because of the high prevalence of impaired fasting glucose, the implications of this finding may have ramifications for a large proportion of the adult population.

Abstract P033: Biomarkers Relation to Prevalent Metabolic Syndrome in African Americans: A Multimarker Approach

Circulation ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 125 (suppl_10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pelbreton C Balfour ◽  
Solomon K Musani ◽  
Aurelian Bidulescu ◽  
Floyd Washington ◽  
Herman A Taylor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Hypoglycemic Agents ◽  
Sample Population ◽  
Serum Leptin ◽  
Clinical Correlates

Introduction: Multiple biological pathways have been related to metabolic syndrome (MetS) in both human and animal models. Whether biomarkers representing these pathways are associated with MetS has not been thoroughly investigated in African Americans. Hypothesis: We tested the hypothesis that at least one biomarker from a panel of seven biomarkers representing inflammatory (high sensitivity C-reactive protein; leptin), neuro-hormonal activation (aldosterone, B-natriuretic peptide, BNP; cortisol), and endothelial dysfunction (endothelin; homocysteine) are associated with prevalent metabolic syndrome in a large African American sample population. Methods: This study consisted of a total of 4,006 Jackson Heart Study participants (53±13 years, 64% female) that attended two consecutive examination cycles five (4.7±0.8) years apart. Prevalent MetS was defined as the presence of at least 3 of the following conditions: elevated BP (≥ 130 mm Hg systolic, ≥ 85 mm Hg diastolic or treatment with antihypertensive medications); increased waist circumference (≥ 102 cm in mean or ≥ 88 cm in women); hyperglycemia (fasting glucose ≥ 100 mg/ dL) or treatment with oral hypoglycemic agents or insulin; hypertriglyceridemia (≥ 150 mg/dL) or treatment with lipid lowering agents, and low HDL cholesterol (< 40 mg/dL in men, < 50 mg/dL in women). We used backward selection in multiple logistic regression models to identify biomarkers significantly associated with MetS. To account for effect of clinical correlates, we forced age, sex, waist circumference, systolic and diastolic pressures, fasting glucose and log triglycerides into the model. Results: Prevalent MetS was 27 % in the entire JHS participants (70% of which were women). Most participants had elevated blood pressure (85%), followed by high waist circumference (28 %) and HDL-cholesterol (20 %). We observed that prevalent metabolic syndrome was significantly associated with serum leptin (P<0.0001) and aldosterone (P<0.0001) after accounting for clinical correlates. Estimated effects, odds ratios (95% confidence interval) were 1.62 (1.38, 1.91) and 1.28 (1.13, 1.40) for serum leptin concentration and aldosterone, respectively. Conclusions: In this large community-based epidemiological study we found using a multimarker approach that serum leptin and aldosterone are significantly related to prevalent MetS. These findings support the role of inflammation and neuro-hormonal transmitters in this clinical syndrome in African Americans. Further studies are needed to identify whether these markers predict incident metabolic syndrome and can serve as targets for medical therapy and clinical management.

Risk prediction for subclinical carotid atherosclerosis in rotational shift workers in the arctic

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
N Shurkevich ◽  
A Vetoshkin ◽  
L Gapon ◽  
A Simonyan ◽  
V Kuznetsov
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Carotid Arteries ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Correct Prediction ◽  
Shift Workers

Abstract Introduction High prevalence of cardiovascular events at northern latitudes determines the necessity of studying mechanisms of formation and early diagnosis of atherosclerotic process. Purpose To determine the most unfavorable prognostic factors that provide the percentage of correct prediction and high accuracy in detection of atherosclerotic plaque (ASP) in common carotid arteries (CCA) in rotational shift workers in the Arctic. Methods Within 2010–2012 a study of 424 males aged 30–59 years at the medical unit “Gazprom dobycha Yamburg” (Yamburg settlement, 68°N) was performed. Patients were randomized into 2 groups according to blood pressure (BP). Gr.I included 294 people with BP more than 140/90 mmHg, arterial hypertension (AH) of 1,2 stage and Gr.II included 130 people with BP less than 140/90 mmHg. Groups did not differ in age (46.9±5.8 years, p=0.435); total work experience in the Arctic: 16.5±6.8 years (p=0.512) and rotational shiftwork duration: 12.5±4.6 years (p=0.597). Office BP was 149.4±13.3/97.1±7.3 mmHg in Gr.I and 123.4±7.5/80.5±5.5 mmHg in Gr.II. Ultrasound examination of carotid arteries with determination of presence or absence of ASP in CCA and estimation of stenosis using NASCET method were performed; ambulatory blood pressure monitoring was conducted; blood glucose levels, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol were determined. Statistical analysis was carried out using R (v. 3.6.1) programming language for statistical data processing of R Studio application package (v. 1.2.1335). Results Signs of CCA atherosclerosis were revealed in 56% of patients with AH and in 25% of those without AH. According to multivariate analysis, three variables with the most significant set of predictors, associated with ASP in CCA with the percentage of correct prediction of 75.9% were selected by step-by-step method: diastolic BP24 (&lt;0.0001), glucose (0.0167) and cholesterol (0.0439). Based on the obtained model, it was concluded that 1 mmHg increase in diastolic BP24 increases the risk for developing ASP by 5.9%, Exp. (Beta) = 1.059, 1 mmol/l increase in glucose and cholesterol escalates the risk by 44.1% and 25.2%, respectively: Exp. (Beta) = 1.441 and Exp. (Beta) = 1.252. Conclusion The data obtained will improve accuracy for the early diagnosis of subclinical atherosclerosis of CCA, allow to prescribe lipid-lowering therapy timely and reduce the risk of adverse cardiovascular events in rotational shift workers in the Arctic. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: None

scholarly journals Carbohydrate Restriction with or without Exercise Training Improves Blood Pressure and Insulin Sensitivity in Overweight Women

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 637
Author(s):  
Shengyan Sun ◽  
Zhaowei Kong ◽  
Qingde Shi ◽  
Haifeng Zhang ◽  
On-Kei Lei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
Carbohydrate Restriction ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Low Carbohydrate Diet

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a 4-week low-carbohydrate diet (LC) with or without exercise training on cardiometabolic health-related profiles in overweight/obese women. Methods: Fifty overweight/obese Chinese women (age: 22.2 ± 3.3 years, body mass index (BMI): 25.1 ± 3.1 kg·m−2) were randomized to either a LC control group (LC-CON, n = 16), a LC and high-intensity interval training group (LC-HIIT, n = 17), or a LC and moderate-intensity continuous training group (LC-MICT, n = 17). All groups consumed LC for 4 weeks, while the LC-HIIT and LC-MICT groups followed an additional five sessions of HIIT (10 × 6 s cycling sprints and 9 s rest intervals, 2.5 min in total) or MICT (cycling continuously at 50–60% of peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) for 30 min) weekly. Blood pressure, fasting glucose, insulin sensitivity, and several metabolic or appetite regulating hormones were measured before and after intervention. Results: Significant reductions in body weight (− ~2.5 kg, p < 0.001, η2 = 0.772) and BMI (− ~1 unit, p < 0.001, η2 = 0.782) were found in all groups. Systolic blood pressure was reduced by 5–6 mmHg (p < 0.001, η2 = 0.370); fasting insulin, leptin, and ghrelin levels were also significantly decreased (p < 0.05), while insulin sensitivity was improved. However, there were no significant changes in fasting glucose, glucagon, and gastric inhibitory peptide levels. Furthermore, no group differences were found among the three groups, suggesting that extra training (i.e., LC-HIIT and LC-MICT) failed to trigger additional effects on these cardiometabolic profiles. Conclusions: The short-term carbohydrate restriction diet caused significant weight loss and improved blood pressure and insulin sensitivity in the overweight/obese women, although the combination with exercise training had no additional benefits on the examined cardiometabolic profiles. Moreover, the long-term safety and effectiveness of LC needs further study.

scholarly journals Variation in blood pressure is associated with white matter microstructure but not cognition in African Americans.

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth C. Leritz ◽  
David H. Salat ◽  
William P. Milberg ◽  
Victoria J. Williams ◽  
Caroline E. Chapman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
White Matter ◽  
African Americans ◽  
White Matter Microstructure

scholarly journals Nebivolol in High-Risk, Obese African Americans With Stage 1 Hypertension: Effects on Blood Pressure, Vascular Compliance, and Endothelial Function

2009 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 720-725 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadya Merchant ◽  
Charles D. Searles ◽  
Anbu Pandian ◽  
Syed T. Rahman ◽  
Keith C. Ferdinand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
High Risk ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Vascular Compliance ◽  
Stage 1

scholarly journals Association between Hyperhomocysteinemia and Thyroid Hormones in Euthyroid Diabetic Subjects

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Yun Zhang ◽  
Qiong Wang ◽  
Quanzhong Li ◽  
Ping Lu
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Biomedical Data ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Free Triiodothyronine ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Elderly Males

Objectives. The concept now emerging is that higher thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and lower thyroid hormone levels within the euthyroid range may adversely affect atherosclerosis. The present study aimed to investigate the potential associations between thyroid parameters and hyperhomocysteinaemia in a cohort of euthyroid diabetic subjects.Material and Methods. Two hundred and seventy-three euthyroid diabetic subjects (167 males and 106 females) were consecutively recruited in this cross-sectional study. Clinical and biomedical data was collected.Results. TSH level was higher in females than males. Compared to normal-homocysteine group, hyperhomocysteinaemia group was more likely to be elderly, males, with longer diabetes history, and with lower diastolic blood pressure. Free thyroxine (FT4) level was lower in hyperhomocysteinaemia group than in normal-homocysteine group; however, it was not statistically significant. Adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, duration of diabetes, blood pressure, fasting glucose, total cholesterol, and triglyceride in logistic regression analyses, hyperhomocysteinaemia was significantly correlated with FT4 (P=0.021). No significant association was found with TSH or free triiodothyronine. When analyzed in subjects with TSH < 2.5 uIU/mL separately, we got similar results.Conclusions. In conclusion, we identified a relation between hyperhomocysteinemia and FT4 in a group of euthyroid diabetic patients.

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