scholarly journals Investigating mobility-based fast food outlet visits as indicators of dietary intake and diet-related disease

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abigail L. Horn ◽  
Brooke M. Bell ◽  
Bernardo Garcia Bulle Bueno ◽  
Mohsen Bahrami ◽  
Burcin Bozkaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Los Angeles County ◽  
Food Outlet ◽  
Related Disease ◽  
Food Outlets ◽  
Mobility Data ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes ◽  
Population Scale

IMPORTANCE: Excessive consumption of fast food (FF) is associated with chronic disease. Population-level research on FF outlet visits is now possible with mobility data, however its usefulness as an indicator of FF intake and diet-related disease must be established. OBJECTIVE: Investigate whether FF outlet visits from mobility data are indicators of self-reported FF intake, obesity, and diabetes, and compared with self-reported intake, equivalent or better indicators of obesity and diabetes. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: A secondary analysis of data from a representative sample of 8,036 adult residents of Los Angeles County (LAC) from the 2011 Los Angeles County Health Survey (LACHS), and mobility data representing all geolocations between October 2016 - March 2017 of 243,644 anonymous and opted-in smartphone users in LAC. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Main outcomes were self-reported FF intake frequency (never, infrequent, moderate, frequent), obesity, and diabetes from LACHS. FF outlet visits were computed as the temporal frequency of FF visits (FF visits/time) and the ratio of visits to FF over all food outlets (FF visits/food), summarized over smartphone users in a neighborhood, scaled from 0-10, and linked to LACHS respondents by census tract. RESULTS: The analytic sample included 5,447 LACHS respondents and 234,995 smartphone users with 14,498,850 visits to food outlets. FF outlet visits were significantly associated with self-reported FF intake (reference: never) for both FF visits/time (infrequent: odds ratio [OR], 1.13; 95% CI, 1.06-1.20; frequent: OR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.28-1.42) and FF visits/food (infrequent: OR, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.06-1.17; frequent: OR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.22-1.33). FF outlet visits were significantly associated with obesity (FF visits/time: adjusted OR [AOR], 1.16; 95% CI, 1.12-1.21; FF visits/food: AOR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.10-1.17) and diabetes (FF visits/time: AOR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.09-1.21; FF visits/food: AOR, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.07-1.16), adjusted for sociodemographic factors. Models of the association between FF outlet visits and obesity or diabetes had better fits than between self-reported FF intake and obesity or diabetes. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: This study illustrates that population-scale mobility data provide useful, passively-collected indicators of FF intake and diet-related disease within large, diverse urban populations that may be better than self-report intake. KEY POINTS QUESTION: Do visits to fast food outlets observed in mobility data provide meaningful measures of fast food intake, and when compared with self-reported intake, equivalent or better indicators of diet-related disease? FINDINGS: In this cross-sectional Los Angeles County study from a survey of 8,036 adults and mobility data from 243,644 smartphone users with 14.5 million food outlet visits, neighborhood-level features representing visits to fast food outlets were significantly associated with self-reported fast food intake, significantly associated with obesity and diabetes, and were a better predictor of these diseases than self-reported fast food intake. MEANING: Measures of food behaviors observed in population-scale mobility data can provide meaningful indicators of food intake and diet-related diseases, and could complement existing dietary surveillance methods.

scholarly journals Fast-food intake and perceived and objective measures of the local fast-food environment in adolescents

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 446-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chalida Svastisalee ◽  
Trine Pagh Pedersen ◽  
Jasper Schipperijn ◽  
Sanne Ellegaard Jørgensen ◽  
Bjørn E Holstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Health Planning ◽  
Health Behaviours ◽  
Food Outlet ◽  
Fast Food Outlet ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Food Outlets ◽  
Low Income Families

AbstractObjectiveWe examined associations between fast-food intake and perceived and objective fast-food outlet exposure.DesignInformation from the Health Behaviours in School-aged Children Study was linked to fast-food outlets in seventy-five school neighbourhoods. We used multivariate multilevel logistic regression analyses to examine associations between at least weekly fast-food intake and perceived and objective fast-food outlet measures.SubjectsData represent 4642 adolescents (aged 11–15 years) in Denmark.ResultsBoys reporting two or more fast-food outlets had 34 % higher odds consuming fast food at least weekly. We detected higher odds of at least weekly fast-food intake among 15-year-old 9th graders (ORall=1·74; 95 % CI 1·40, 2·18; ORboys=2·20; 95 % CI 1·66, 2·91; ORgirls=1·41; 95 % CI 1·03, 1·92), Danish speakers (ORall=2·32; 95 % CI 1·68, 3·19; ORboys=2·58; 95 % CI 1·69, 3·93; ORgirls=2·37; 95 % CI 1·46, 3·84) and those travelling 15 min or less to school (ORall=1·21; 95 % CI 1·00, 1·46; ORgirls=1·44; 95 % CI 1·08, 1·93) compared with 11-year-old 5th graders, non-Danish speakers and those with longer travel times. Boys from middle- (OR=1·28; 95 % CI 1·00, 1·65) and girls from low-income families (OR=1·46; 95 % CI 1·05, 2·04) had higher odds of at least weekly fast-food intake compared with those from high-income backgrounds. Girls attending schools with canteens (OR=1·47; 95 % CI 1·00, 2·15) had higher odds of at least weekly fast-food intake than girls at schools without canteens.ConclusionsThe present study demonstrates that perceived food outlets may impact fast-food intake in boys while proximity impacts intake in girls. Public health planning could target food environments that emphasize a better understanding of how adolescents use local resources.

Moderation by Neighborhood Food Outlets on Relationships between Meal Sources and Diet

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 290-308
Author(s):  
Jessica L. Thomson ◽  
Alicia S. Landry ◽  
Tameka I. Walls ◽  
Melissa H. Goodman
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Grocery Store ◽  
Grocery Stores ◽  
Food Outlet ◽  
Added Sugars ◽  
Food Outlets ◽  
Food And Beverage ◽  
Fast Food Restaurants

Objectives: In this study, we tested for moderation by neighborhood food outlet presence on relationships between food outlet shopping or meal sources and dietary intake. Methods: We used generalized linear models to analyze parent-adolescent (12-17 years) dyad data from the 2014 Family Life, Activity, Sun, Health and Eating. Questions included food outlet presence in home (parent) and school (adolescent) neighborhoods (yes or no), shopping at food outlets (parent) (never, rarely, sometimes, often or always), and sources of food consumed away from and at home (weekly frequency). We captured food and beverage intakes via a dietary screener. Results: Relationships between adolescent added sugar intake and scratch cooked evening meals and meals away from home were found only when grocery stores and fast food restaurants, respectively, were present in adolescents' school neighborhoods. Shopping at fruit and vegetable (FV) markets and scratch cooked evening meals were associated with the largest increases in parent and adolescent FV intakes, respectively. Meals away from home at convenience stores were associated with the largest increases in parent and adolescent intakes of added sugars. Conclusions: Neighborhood grocery store and fast food restaurant presence moderated relationships between meal sources and dietary intake only in adolescents.

scholarly journals Association between fast-food outlet exposure and Body Mass Index in 124,286 Lifelines participants

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
C L van Erpecum ◽  
S K R van Zon ◽  
U Bültmann ◽  
N Smidt
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Food Outlet ◽  
Fast Food Outlet ◽  
Food Outlets ◽  
Daily Caloric Intake ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Abstract Background Elevated Body Mass Index (BMI) is a key risk factor for numerous non-communicable diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes type II and dementia. Previous studies showed associations between fast-food outlet exposure and BMI, but contained methodological shortcomings. Particularly within the Netherlands, evidence is scarce. We aimed to examine the association between fast-food outlet exposure and BMI among the Dutch adult general population, and whether this association was mediated by daily caloric intake. Methods Cross-sectionally linking baseline adult data (N = 124,286) from the Lifelines cohort to fast-food outlet location (LISA: employer register) data, we regressed fast-food outlet density (within distances of 500 metre(m), and 1, 3, and 5 kilometre (km)) and fast-food outlet proximity around participants’ residential address on BMI. We used multilevel regression and multilevel mediation models, adjusting for age, sex, partner status, education, employment, neighbourhood deprivation and neighbourhood address density. We stratified analyses for urban and rural areas, as these involve different living environments and study populations. Results More than half (56%) of participants was overweight (BMI ≥ 25.0). The average BMI in urban and rural areas was 25.9 (SD 4.4) and 26.3 (SD 4.3), respectively. In rural areas, having at least three fast-food outlets within 500 m was associated with higher BMI (B = 0.17, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.06, 0.28). In urban areas, having at least five fast-food outlets within 1 km was associated with higher BMI (B = 0.42, 95% CI: 0.20, 0.63). Having the nearest fast-food outlet within 100m was associated with higher BMI (B = 0.43, 95% CI: 0.19, 0.67). The associations were partly explained by daily caloric intake. Conclusions Fast-food outlet exposure may be an important environmental determinant of BMI. Policy-makers should consider intervening upon the fast-food environment. Key messages Fast-food outlets within 500 metres in rural areas and 1 kilometre in urban areas may play a fundamental role in the rise of BMI. Targeting fast-food outlets may be key to reduce BMI on a population level.

scholarly journals Fast food intake among adolescents and measures of fast food outlet exposure: cross-sectional study in Denmark

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
C Svastisalee ◽  
J Schipperijn ◽  
S Ellegaard Jørgensen ◽  
T Pagh Pedersen ◽  
R Krølner
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Food Outlet ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fast Food Outlet

scholarly journals Association between junk food consumption and fast-food outlet access near school among Quebec secondary-school children: findings from the Quebec Health Survey of High School Students (QHSHSS) 2010–11

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 927-937 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicoleta Cutumisu ◽  
Issouf Traoré ◽  
Marie-Claude Paquette ◽  
Linda Cazale ◽  
Hélène Camirand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Secondary School ◽  
School Children ◽  
Food Environment ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Junk Food ◽  
Food Outlet ◽  
School Students ◽  
Food Outlets

AbstractObjectiveWe investigated the association between junk food consumption at lunchtime (JCL) and fast-food outlet access near school among secondary-school children in Quebec.DesignA geographic information system database was used to characterize the food environment around a sub-sample of 374 public schools in which 26 655 students were enrolled. The outcome variable was JCL during the previous week, dichotomized into low JCL (none or once)v. high JCL (twice or more). Access to fast-food outlets near school was assessed using an existing database of fast-food outlets in Quebec. Covariates included student (age, sex and self-rated perceived health), family (familial status and parental education) and school (urban/rural status and deprivation) variables. Hierarchical logistic regression models were employed for analyses using PROC GLIMMIX of SAS version 9.3.SettingProvince of Quebec, Canada.SubjectsWe used data from the Quebec Health Survey of High School Students (QHSHSS) 2010–11, a survey of secondary-school Quebec students.ResultsExposure to two or more fast-food outlets within a radius of 750 m around schools was associated with a higher likelihood of excess JCL (OR=1·50; 95 % CI 1·28, 1·75), controlling for the characteristics of the students, their families and their schools.ConclusionsThe food environment surrounding schools can constitute a target for interventions to improve food choices among secondary-school children living in the province of Quebec. Transforming environments around schools to promote healthy eating includes modifying zoning regulations that restrict access to fast-food outlets around schools.

scholarly journals Neighborhood food typologies, fast food outlet visitation and snack food purchasing among adolescents in Melbourne, Australia

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Venurs HY Loh ◽  
Maartje P Poelman ◽  
Jenny Veitch ◽  
Sarah A McNaughton ◽  
Rebecca M Leech ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fast Food ◽  
Latent Profile Analysis ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Snack Food ◽  
Food Environments ◽  
Food Outlet ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Food Purchasing ◽  
Fast Food Outlet ◽  
Food Outlets

Abstract Objective: Despite the increased attention on neighborhood food environments and dietary behaviors, studies focusing on adolescents are limited. This study aims to characterize typologies of food environments surrounding adolescents and their associations with fast food outlet visitation and snack food purchasing to/from school. Design: The number of food outlets (supermarket; green grocers; butcher/seafood/deli; bakeries; convenience stores; fast food/takeaways; café and restaurants) within a 1km buffer from home were determined using a Geographic Information System. Adolescents self-reported frequency of fast food outlet visitation and snack food purchasing to/from school. Latent Profile Analysis was conducted to identify typologies of the food environment. Cross-sectional multilevel logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the relationships between food typologies, fast food outlet visitations and snack food purchasing to/from school. Setting: Melbourne, Australia Participants: 410 adolescents (mean age= 15.5 (SD=1.5) years) Results: Four distinct typologies of food outlets were identified: 1) limited variety/low number; 2) some variety/low number; 3) high variety/medium number; 4) high variety/high number. Adolescents living in Typologies 1 and 2 had three times higher odds of visiting fast food outlets ≥1 per week (Typology 1: OR= 3.71, 95%CI 1.23, 11.19; Typology 2: OR= 3.65, 95% CI 1.21, 10.99) than those living in Typology 4. No evidence of association was found between typologies of the food environments and snack food purchasing behavior to/from school among adolescents. Conclusion: Local government could emphasize an overall balance of food outlets when designing neighborhoods to reduce propensity for fast food outlet visitation among adolescents.

Abstract P126: Availability of Fast-food Outlets is Associated with Intake of Fast-food

Circulation ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 125 (suppl_10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Glümer ◽  
Peter Erbs-Maibing ◽  
Ulla Toft
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Multilevel Regression ◽  
Network Analyses ◽  
Food Outlets ◽  
Deprived Neighbourhoods ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Eating Fast

Introduction: Intake of fast-food is associated with an increased risk of health outcomes. The prevalence of obesity and chronic diseases is higher among deprived individuals; studies have shown that the availability of fast-food outlets (FFO) are higher in deprived neighbourhoods than in non-deprived neighbourhoods. Some studies find an association between the availability of FFO and unhealthy diet. Most of studies are performed in US or Australia with different context to Denmark. We hypothesize that a high degree of availability of fast-food is associated with high intake of fast-food in a Danish population. The aim is to examine the association between availability of FFO and frequency of fast-food intake. Methods: Health survey data from the Capital Region of Denmark used in the analyses included a random sample of 95.150 inhabitants aged 16+ from 29 municipalities. Response rate:52,3%. Information’s on fast-food intake and socioeconomic factors is derived from a questionnaire survey (How are you 2010?). Information on FFO is collected through central a register using a validated name recognition method (sensitivity: 82%). Using network analyses in Geographic Information System proximity (Road network distance to the nearest FFO) and density (numbers of FFO within 1 km) of FFO are calculated for each participant. Multilevel regression analyses taking neighbourhood, individual social factors, age and sex into account are performed. Results: 17 % of the population eats fast-food at least once a week, the proportion varies between 10.1% in the rural areas to 27.2 % in the inner-city of Copenhagen. Individuals living in high density areas or with low proximity have a significantly higher risk of eating fast-food once weekly; Compared to individuals living with 0-4 FFO within 1 km the OR’s were 1.4 (95% CI: 1.3-1.6) and 1.8 (95 % CI: 1.7-2.0) for individuals living with 5-9 or ≥ 10 FFO, respectively. After adjustment for individual and contextual factors the OR’s diminished to 1.13, but remained significant. The same picture was seen for proximity, the greater distance to the nearest FFO the lower risk of eating fats-food. Conclusions: This paper shows that availability of fast-food outlets is associated with frequency of eating fast-food weekly. In order to prevent the epidemic of obesity and development of chronic diseases, this may have an impact on future urban planning of fast-food outlets.

scholarly journals Associations between major chain fast-food outlet availability and change in body mass index: a longitudinal observational study of women from Victoria, Australia

BMJ Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. e016594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen E Lamb ◽  
Lukar E Thornton ◽  
Dana Lee Olstad ◽  
Ester Cerin ◽  
Kylie Ball
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Multilevel Models ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Food Outlet ◽  
Fast Food Outlet ◽  
Food Outlets ◽  
Victorian Women ◽  
Disadvantaged Neighbourhoods

ObjectivesThe residential neighbourhood fast-food environment has the potential to lead to increased levels of obesity by providing opportunities for residents to consume energy-dense products. This longitudinal study aimed to examine whether change in body mass index (BMI) differed dependent on major chain fast-food outlet availability among women residing in disadvantaged neighbourhoods.SettingEighty disadvantaged neighbourhoods in Victoria, Australia.ParticipantsSample of 882 women aged 18–46 years at baseline (wave I: 2007/2008) who remained at the same residential location at all three waves (wave II: 2010/2011; wave III: 2012/2013) of the Resilience for Eating and Activity Despite Inequality study.Primary outcomeBMI based on self-reported height and weight at each wave.ResultsThere was no evidence of an interaction between time and the number of major chain fast-food outlets within 2 (p=0.88), 3 (p=0.66) or 5 km (p=0.24) in the multilevel models of BMI. Furthermore, there was no evidence of an interaction between time and change in availability at any distance and BMI.ConclusionsChange in BMI was not found to differ by residential major chain fast-food outlet availability among Victorian women residing in disadvantaged neighbourhoods. It may be that exposure to fast-food outlets around other locations regularly visited influence change in BMI. Future research needs to consider what environments are the key sources for accessing and consuming fast food and how these relate to BMI and obesity risk.

scholarly journals Associations of Food Outlet Densities with Obesity Measures Identify Fish and Chip Shops as a Uniquely Important Problem

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Albalawi ◽  
Catherine Hambly ◽  
John Speakman
Keyword(s):  
Fast Food ◽  
Deprivation Level ◽  
Grocery Stores ◽  
Food Outlet ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Food Outlets ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Intervention Policy ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Middle Aged Adults

Increases in the number of food outlets have been proposed as a key factor driving obesity. This study aimed to investigate the association between the densities of food establishments serving meals (excluding supermarkets and grocery stores), with body mass index (BMI), waist to hip ratio (WHR) and percentage of body fat among middle-aged adults in the UK. BMIs, WHR, %fat and socioeconomic factors were obtained from 456,079 individuals from the UK Biobank and averaged across 923 postcode districts (PD). The number of Fast-Food Restaurants (FFRs), Full-Service Restaurants (FSRs), delivery shops, takeaways, fish and chip shops, pubs and cafes were also obtained for each PD. We adjusted the obesity measures for deprivation level, education, employment, ethnicity, household size, household income and age. After adjustment, the density of fish and chip shops (per 1000 population) was positively associated with BMI and %fat for both sexes (males: BMI converted (exponentiated coefficient) β = 0.5, R2 = 4.14%, p < 0.0001; %fat converted β = 0.8, R2 = 3.32%, p < 0.0001; females: BMI converted β = 0.9, R2 = 5.31%, p < 0.0001; %fat converted β = 1.4 R2 = 4.65%, p < 0.0001). The densities of FFRs and delivery shops (per 1000 population) were not related to the adjusted obesity measures among males and females, except BMI in males where FFRs were significantly negatively associated. The densities (per 1000 population) of FSRs, pubs, cafes and total food outlets were all significantly inversely related to the obesity measures for both sexes. The number of fish and chip shops per 1000 individuals was significantly positively associated with obesity in middle-aged adults in the UK. A negative association between the other types of food outlet densities and the measures of obesity suggests access to such establishments is not a major driver of obesity. This is potentially because the food supplied at such establishments is not significantly less healthy than what is eaten elsewhere including at home (and may even be better). Paying attention only to fast food and/or full-service restaurants in intervention policy will likely not be effective. Policy intervention should potentially focus on the numbers of fish and chip shops and the deep-fried food served in such restaurants.

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