scholarly journals Neurodevelopmental outcomes at one year in offspring of mothers who test positive for SARS-CoV-2 during pregnancy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea G. Edlow ◽  
Victor M Castro ◽  
Lydia Shook ◽  
Anjali J Kaimal ◽  
Roy H Perlis
Keyword(s):  
Neurodevelopmental Disorders ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Outcomes ◽  
Diagnostic Codes ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
One Year ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Importance: Epidemiologic studies suggest maternal immune activation during pregnancy may be associated with neurodevelopmental effects in offspring. Objective: To determine whether in utero exposure to the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 is associated with risk for neurodevelopmental disorders in the first 12 months after birth. Design: Retrospective cohort Participants: Live offspring of all mothers who delivered between March and September 2020 at one of six Massachusetts hospitals across two health systems. Exposure: SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed by PCR during pregnancy Main Outcome and Measures: Neurodevelopmental disorders determined from ICD-10 diagnostic codes over 12 months; sociodemographic and clinical features of mothers and offspring; all drawn from the electronic health record. Results: The cohort included 7,772 live births (7,466 pregnancies, 96% singleton, 222 births to SARS-CoV-2 positive mothers), with mean maternal age of 32.9 years; offspring were 9.9% Asian, 8.4% Black, and 69.0% white; 15.1% were of Hispanic ethnicity. Preterm delivery was more likely among exposed mothers (14% versus 8.7%; p=.003). Maternal SARS-CoV-2 positivity during pregnancy was associated with greater rate of neurodevelopmental diagnoses (crude OR 2.17 [95% CI 1.24-3.79, p=0.006]) as well as models adjusted for race, ethnicity, insurance status, offspring sex, maternal age, and preterm status (adjusted OR 1.86 [95% CI 1.03-3.36, p=0.04]). Third-trimester infection was associated with effects of larger magnitude (adjusted OR 2.31, 95% CI 1.16-4.21, p=0.01) Conclusion and Relevance: Our results provide preliminary evidence that maternal SARS-CoV-2 may be associated with neurodevelopmental sequelae in some offspring. Prospective studies with longer follow-up duration will be required to exclude confounding and confirm these effects.

scholarly journals Pharmacotherapeutic approach toward urological medications and vaccination during COVID-19: a narrative review

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 175628722110467
Author(s):  
Mojtaba Shafiekhani ◽  
Anahita Dehghani ◽  
Mina Shahisavandi ◽  
Seyed Ali Nabavizadeh ◽  
Maryam Kabiri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Kidney Transplantation ◽  
Prostatic Hyperplasia ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Urologic Diseases ◽  
One Year ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Comprehensive Study

One year after the prevalence of the novel coronavirus pandemic, some aspects of the physiopathology, treatment and progression of coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19) have remained unknown. Since no comprehensive study on the use of urological medications in patients with COVID-19 has been carried out, this narrative review aimed to focus on clinically important issues about the treatment of COVID-19 and urologic medications regarding efficacy, modifications, side effects and interactions in different urologic diseases. In this review, we provide information about the pharmacotherapeutic approach toward urologic medications in patients with COVID-19 infection. This study provides an overview of medications in benign prostatic hyperplasia, prostate cancer, impotence and sexual dysfunction, urolithiasis, kidney transplantation and hypertension as the most frequent diseases in which the patients are on long-term medications. Also, the effect of urologic drugs on the efficacy of vaccination is briefly discussed.

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF CHRONIC DISEASES ON THE MANIFESTATION OF COVID-19 INFECTION

2021 ◽  
pp. 126-132
Author(s):  
S. O. Yastremska ◽  
O. M. Krekhovska-Lepiavko ◽  
B. A. Lokay ◽  
O. V. Bushtynska ◽  
S. V. Danchak
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
The World ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
One Year ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Summary. The first known case of infection from the novel coronavirus was recorded almost one year ago, in China’s Hubei province. The city of Wuhan was infamous the world over as the original virus epicenter, seeing more than half of China’s reported cases and deaths. The outbreak of COVID-19 virus, as sickened more than 14.7 million people. At least 610.200 people have died. The aim of the study – to analyze and systematize the literature data about the influence of chronic diseases on the manifestation of COVID-19 infection. Materials and Methods. The study uses publications of the world scientific literature on COVID-19 infection, in particular the causes and mechanisms of its development, treatment, complications and its consequences as well as the influence of different chronic disorders on the course of COVID-19. Results. A sample of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 across 14 states of the USA in March was analyzed by The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. It was found that many (89 %) had underlying health problem and 94 % of patients were at the age 65 and older. The case fatality rate for those under age 60 was 1.4 percent. For those over age 60, the fatality rate jumps to 4.5 percent. The older the population, the higher the fatality rate. For those 80 and over, Covid-19 appears to have a 13.4 percent fatality rate. Moreover, it was recognized, that older adults don't present in a typical way of the course of different disorders, and we're seeing that with Covid-19 as well. Conclusions. Chronic diseases and conditions are on the rise worldwide. COVID-19 became the most challenging pandemic influencing all countries worldwide. Chronic diseases are suggested to be one of the main causes of different life-threatening complications of COVID-19 infection and one of the main factors of poor prognosis for the patients.

scholarly journals Changes from ICD-10 to ICD-11 and future directions in psychiatric classification

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-15 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Neurodevelopmental Disorders ◽  
Clinical Utility ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Revision Process ◽  
Diagnostic Categories ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
User Groups

This article provides a brief overview of the changes from ICD-10 to ICD-11 regarding the classification of mental, behavioral, or neurodevelopmental disorders. These changes include a new chapter structure, new diagnostic categories, changes in diagnostic criteria, and steps towards dimensionality. Additionally, we review evaluative field studies of ICD-11, which provide preliminary evidence for higher reliability and clinical utility of ICD-11 compared with ICD-10. Despite the extensive revision process, changes from ICD-10 to ICD-11 were relatively modest in that both systems are categorical, classifying mental phenomena based on self-reported or clinically observable symptoms. Other recent approaches to psychiatric nosology and classification (eg, neurobiology-based or hierarchical) are discussed. To meet the needs of different user groups, we propose expanding the stepwise approach to diagnosis introduced for some diagnostic categories in ICD-11, which includes categorical and dimensional elements.

scholarly journals Pediatric Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (PARDS) On Pediatric COVID-19 Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-157
Author(s):  
Siti Rahmah ◽  
Lalu Wahyu Alfian Muharzami ◽  
Lastri Akhdani Almaesy ◽  
Putri Nurhayati ◽  
Ridha Sasmitha A
Keyword(s):  
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Handling Technique ◽  
The Difference ◽  
One Year ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

At the end of 2019, there was a pandemic happening in the world, called the novel Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). Various spectrums of disease from COVID-19, one of which is ARDS. The incidence of COVID-19 in children is not as much as in adults. However, in children under one year of age it can get worse. The main characteristic of worsening infection is the occurrence of ARDS.  Objective: To find out the best treatment for PARDS in COVID-19 patients. Method: The writing of this article uses various sources from scientific journals to government guidelines and related institutions. Search articles using the keywords “Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome”, “ARDS”, “Pediatric Respiratory Distress Syndrome”, “PARDS”, and “PARDS on COVID-19” Result and Discussion: PARDS was defined based on PALICC in 2015. Pathophysiology of PARDS in COVID-19 patients is still unclear. However, there is a theory that explains the way SARS-Cov-2 enters cells, namely through membrane fusion, giving rise to ARDS. The difference in handling PARDS for COVID-19 patients is that the handling technique is more alert to the risk of aerosols. Conclusions: There are differences in the handling of PARDS for COVID-19 patients in the technique by reducing the risk of virus transmission by preventing leakage when using a ventilator and using a bacterial/virus filter, as well as rescuers and staff using complete PPE during the procedure.

scholarly journals Complications and Outcomes in Patients With Diabetic Ketoacidosis and COVID19

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A337-A338
Author(s):  
Patricia Hwang ◽  
Priyathama Vellanki ◽  
Rodolfo Javier Galindo ◽  
Erika Brechtelsbauer ◽  
Amanda Van Prooyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Ketoacidosis ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
P Value ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Icu Length Of Stay ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Baseline Characteristics ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Mean Glucose ◽  
New Onset

Abstract Introduction: COVID-19 infection caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has been associated with new-onset diabetes and diabetic ketoacidosis. There are currently limited reports observing the effect of COVID-19 infection on outcomes in patients hospitalized with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). Methods: This retrospective study used electronic medical records, between March 1, 2020 to September 14, 2020, and included patients aged ≥ 18 years with DKA. Clinical characteristics, hospital course, and complications (ICD-10 codes) were compared between patients admitted with DKA and confirmed COVID-19 infection (COVID+) to those with DKA without COVID-19 infection (COVID-). The American Diabetes Association criteria was used to define DKA. Results: Among 757 patients with DKA, 80 COVID+ patients with and 677 COVID- patients were included (mean age 49.1 years, female 52.7%, African-American 70.4%). Baseline characteristics were similar between groups. The COVID+ group had a lower admission glucose (mean glucose 413.1 ± 218.7 mg/dL vs 441.1 ± 222.6 mg/dL, p-value 0.05), and higher serum bicarbonate levels (18.2 mmol/L vs 16.6 mmol/L, p-value <0.05) compared to the COVID- group. Compared to the COVID- group, COVID+ required a longer time to achieve blood glucose < 250 mg/dl from admission (8.8 hours vs 7.1 hours, p-value <0.01), and had higher rates of acute respiratory failure (48.8% vs 9.5%, p-value <0.001), mechanical ventilation (32.5% vs 10.9%, p-value <0.001), sepsis (37.5% vs 15.7%, p-value <0.001), acute thrombotic events (11.3% vs 2.7%, p-value <0.05), and pneumonia (70% vs 10.3%, p-value <0.001). COVID+ had higher mortality (16.3% vs 3.1%, p-value < 0.001), ICU length of stay (median 5.5 days or 2–58 days vs median 2 days or 2–123 days, p-value <0.001), and total LOS (median 7.5 or 1–47 days vs median 5 days or 1–98 days, p-value <0.001). Both groups required similar total insulin doses throughout the entire hospitalization (mean 143 +/- (SD) vs 142 +/- SD units, p-value 0.088). Conclusion: Our data shows that COVID-19 infection is associated with increased mortality, worse clinical outcomes, and longer LOS among patients hospitalized with DKA, while presenting with less severe hyperglycemia and acidemia compared to those without COVID-19 infection.

scholarly journals Is there a place for mesenchymal stromal cell-based therapies in the therapeutic armamentarium against COVID-19?

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kátia Nunes da Silva ◽  
André Luiz Nunes Gobatto ◽  
Zaquer Suzana Munhoz Costa-Ferro ◽  
Bruno Raphael Ribeiro Cavalcante ◽  
Alex Cleber Improta Caria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Organ ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Systemic Complications ◽  
Medical Needs ◽  
Potential Efficacy ◽  
Global Spread ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
One Year ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Unmet Medical Needs

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the rapid global spread of the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), has caused healthcare systems to collapse and led to hundreds of thousands of deaths. The clinical spectrum of COVID-19 is not only limited to local pneumonia but also represents multiple organ involvement, with potential for systemic complications. One year after the pandemic, pathophysiological knowledge has evolved, and many therapeutic advances have occurred, but mortality rates are still elevated in severe/critical COVID-19 cases. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) can exert immunomodulatory, antiviral, and pro-regenerative paracrine/endocrine actions and are therefore promising candidates for MSC-based therapies. In this review, we discuss the rationale for MSC-based therapies based on currently available preclinical and clinical evidence of safety, potential efficacy, and mechanisms of action. Finally, we present a critical analysis of the risks, limitations, challenges, and opportunities that place MSC-based products as a therapeutic strategy that may complement the current arsenal against COVID-19 and reduce the pandemic’s unmet medical needs.

scholarly journals TET2 is differentially expressed in coronavirus infections.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahan Mamoor
Keyword(s):  
Differentially Expressed Gene ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Public Data ◽  
Transcriptional Changes ◽  
One Year ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Human Coronavirus 229E ◽  
Coronavirus Infections

The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has infected nearly 20,000,000 in less than one year (1, 2). We mined published and public data (3-8) to discover the most significant transcriptional changes induced in host cells and tissues following coronavirus infections. We identified the ten eleven (TET) methylcytosine dioxygenase TET2 as a differentially expressed gene following infection of human cells with the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) coronavirus, Human Coronavirus 229E, and in the lungs of mice infected with the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) coronavirus SARS-CoV-1. TET2 may be a relevant target of study for understanding coronavirus pathogenesis.

scholarly journals Hemodynamic Dysfunctions in COVID-19 Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. e111101220323
Author(s):  
Rubens Barbosa Rezende
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Multiple Organ ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Main Target ◽  
One Year ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a respiratory viral infection caused by the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). Thus, it objected to comprehend the pathophysiology of COVID-19, as well as its clinical repercussions on hemodynamic alterations. This is an integrative literature review, such a method is able to select and include experimental and non-experimental studies, qualitative in nature, descriptive and exploratory in character. Initially, it started from the guiding question: "What hemodynamic dysfunctions can the positive COVID-19 patient develop?" The study was conducted by searching the database: PUBMED, using the descriptors: "coagulopathy" and "COVID-19", combined by the Boolean operator AND. As inclusion criteria, the filters of one-year version, full text, clinical trial, meta-analysis, and randomized controlled trial were chosen. Coagulopathy and thromboembolic events are manifestations of COVID-19 and are designated as poor prognostic factors. The respiratory system is the main target of SARS-CoV-2, but other body systems may also be involved. Therefore, symptoms can range from respiratory distress to multiple organ failure. It is concluded that the presence of coagulopathy is a major source of mortality in COVID-19 positive patients. Also, coagulopathy is linked to the severity of the symptomatology of COVID-19, and that in more severe cases relatively increased levels of D-dimer, prothrombin time, and fibrinogen are present. In addition, no significant minimization in platelet levels was observed in severe cases of COVID-19.

Pregnancy And COVID-19-Related Online Information: An Evaluation Study (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Wyszynski
Keyword(s):  
Infant Health ◽  
Evaluation Study ◽  
Similar Proportion ◽  
Online Information ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Hospital Policy ◽  
Questions And Answers ◽  
One Year ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Online Sources

BACKGROUND One year since the first reported cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), SARS-CoV-2 (the virus that causes COVID-19) has infected more than 75 million people in 218 countries and caused the loss of life of close to 1.7 million persons. The effects of COVID-19 during pregnancy on obstetric, neonatal, and infant health are still poorly understood. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to identify topics and questions regarding COVID-19 and pregnancy most frequently discussed in websites with high traffic. METHODS To carry out this study, 50 websites were selected on the basis of having high domain authority ranking and a section dedicated to questions and answers about COVID-19 and pregnancy. The questions were extracted and analyzed. RESULTS About 15% of all questions were related to mother-to-baby COVID-19 transmission. Close to 10% of the questions discussed whether the hospital is a safe environment for pregnant women, especially to visit for touring and for prenatal and postnatal care. Approximately 8.6% provided recommendations on how to protect mothers and their babies during pregnancy and after birth. Another frequently asked question was regarding hospital visitors: about 8% discussed the hospital policy regarding bringing a supporting person during labor and delivery. A similar proportion provided guidelines on what to do when a pregnant woman tests positive for COVID-19. Additionally, it is important to understand some of the pitfalls of getting information about COVID-19 and pregnancy from online sources. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights gaps in information available on websites related to COVID-19 and pregnancy and emphasizes the need for verified online sources that provide evidence-based health information related to maternal-fetal health and the novel coronavirus pandemic.

scholarly journals The peptidylglycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase, PAM, is differentially expressed in viral co-infections.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahan Mamoor
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Microarray Data ◽  
Human Blood ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Influenza Season ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Human Coronavirus ◽  
Transcriptional Changes ◽  
One Year ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Co-infection is defined by the infection of a host or cell by more than one pathogen (1, 2). Infections from the novel coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, SARS-CoV-2 (3), have resulted in the death of more than 200,000 Americans (4) and over 1,000,000 people worldwide (5) in less than one year. An upcoming influenza season raises the prospect of potential complications arising from co-infections involving SARS-CoV-2 (6). We mined published microarray data (7) to discover transcriptional features of viral co-infection in the blood of human patients. We identified the peptidylglycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase, PAM, as among the genes whose expression was most different in the blood of patients with a variety of viral co-infections, including co-infection of human coronavirus OC43 and influenza A. Transcriptional changes in PAM appeared to be specific to co-infection settings. PAM may be of relevance to fundamental transcriptional biology underlying viral co-infections of human blood.

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