Persisting Chemosensory Impairments in 366 Healthcare Workers Following COVID-19: An 11-Month Follow-up.

Background and Objectives: Olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions (OD, GD) are prevalent symptoms following COVID-19 and persist in 6%-44% of individuals in the first months after the infection. As only few reports have described their prognosis more than 6 months later, the main objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of OD and GD 11 months after COVID-19. We also aimed to determine test-retest reliability of subjective chemosensory ratings for the follow-up of chemosensory sensitivity, as this measure is often used for remote follow-up. Methods: Inclusion criteria included a PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection; exclusion criteria were the presence of other respiratory infections and chronic sinusitis. To assess whether OD and GD had changed compared to pre-pandemic levels, we designed an observational study and distributed an online questionnaire assessing quantitative chemosensory function to healthcare workers 5 and 11 months after COVID-19. Specifically, we assessed olfaction, gustation, and trigeminal sensitivity (10-point visual analog scale) and function (4-point Likert scale) separately. We further assessed clinically relevant OD using the Chemosensory Perception Test, a psychophysical test designed to provide a reliable remote olfactory evaluation. Qualitative chemosensory dysfunction was also assessed. Results: We included a total of 366 participants (mean age of 44.8 years old (SD: 11.7)). They completed the last online questionnaire 10.6 months (SD: 0.7) after the onset of COVID-19 symptoms. Of all participants, 307 (83.9%) and 301 (82.2%) individuals retrospectively reported lower olfactory or gustatory sensitivity during the acute phase of COVID-19. Eleven months later, 184 (50.3%) and 163 (44.5%) indicated reduced chemosensory sensitivity, 32.2% reported impairment of olfactory function while 24.9% exhibited clinically relevant OD. Three variables predicted OD at follow-up, namely chest pain and GD during COVID-19 and presence of phantosmia at 5 months. Olfactory sensitivity ratings had a high test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient: 0.818 (95% CI: 0.760 - 0.860)) Discussion: This study suggests that chemosensory dysfunctions persist in a third of COVID-19 patients 11 months after COVID-19. Subjective measures have a high test-retest reliability and thus can be used to monitor post-COVID-19 OD. OD appears to be a common long-term symptom of COVID-19 important to consider when treating patients.

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Acceptability, internal consistency and test–retest reliability of scales to assess parental and nursery staff’s self-efficacy, motivation and knowledge in relation to pre-school children’s nutrition, oral health and physical activity

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980018004111 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 22 (06) ◽

pp. 967-975 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Kaiseree Dias ◽

James White ◽

Chris Metcalfe ◽

Ruth Kipping ◽

Angeliki Papadaki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Oral Health ◽

Internal Consistency ◽

Self Efficacy ◽

Intraclass Correlation ◽

Online Questionnaire ◽

Retest Reliability ◽

Parent Questionnaire ◽

Children's Nutrition ◽

Test Retest Reliability

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the acceptability, internal consistency and test–retest reliability of self-efficacy, motivation and knowledge scales relating to pre-school children’s nutrition, oral health and physical activity.DesignAn online questionnaire was completed twice with an interval of 7–11d.SettingOnline questionnaires were sent to participants via email from nursery managers. The parent questionnaire was also available on the parenting website www.netmums.com.ParticipantsEighty-two parents and sixty-nine nursery staff from Bristol, UK who had and worked with 2–4-year-olds, respectively.ResultsResponse rates were 86·3 and 86·0 % and missing data 15·9 and 14·5 % for the second administration of the parent and nursery staff questionnaires, respectively. Weighted κ coefficients for individual items mostly fell under the ‘moderate’ agreement category for the parental (75·0 %) and nursery staff (55·8 %) items. All self-efficacy and motivation scales had acceptable levels of internal consistency (Cronbach’s α coefficients>0·7). The intraclass correlation coefficients for the self-efficacy, motivation and knowledge scales ranged between 0·48 and 0·82. Paired t tests found an increase between test and retest knowledge scores for the Nutrition Motivation (t=−2·91, df=81, P=0·00) and Knowledge (t=−3·22, df=81, P=0·00) scales in the parent questionnaire.ConclusionsOur findings demonstrate that the items and scales show good acceptability, internal consistency and test–retest reliability.

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Development of the English Listening and Reading Computerized Revised Token Test Into Cantonese: Validity, Reliability, and Sensitivity/Specificity in People With Aphasia and Healthy Controls

Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research ◽

10.1044/2020_jslhr-20-00103 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 63 (11) ◽

pp. 3743-3759

Author(s):

Mehdi Bakhtiar ◽

Min Ney Wong ◽

Emily Ka Yin Tsui ◽

Malcolm R. McNeil

Keyword(s):

Repeated Measures ◽

Concurrent Validity ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Intraclass Correlation ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Retest Reliability ◽

Token Test ◽

Test Retest Reliability ◽

High Test

Purpose This study reports the psychometric development of the Cantonese versions of the English Computerized Revised Token Test (CRTT) for persons with aphasia (PWAs) and healthy controls (HCs). Method The English CRTT was translated into standard Chinese for the Reading–Word Fade version (CRTT-R- WF -Cantonese) and into formal Cantonese for the Listening version (CRTT-L-Cantonese). Thirty-two adult native Cantonese PWAs and 42 HCs were tested on both versions of CRTT-Cantonese tests and on the Cantonese Aphasia Battery to measure the construct and concurrent validity of CRTT-Cantonese tests. The HCs were retested on both versions of the CRTT-Cantonese tests, whereas the PWAs were randomly assigned for retesting on either version to measure the test–retest reliability. Results A two-way, Group × Modality, repeated-measures analysis of variance revealed significantly lower scores for the PWA group than the HC group for both reading and listening. Other comparisons were not significant. A high and significant correlation was found between the CRTT-R- WF -Cantonese and the CRTT-L-Cantonese in PWAs, and 87% of the PWAs showed nonsignificantly different performance across the CRTT-Cantonese tests based on the Revised Standardized Difference Test. The CRTT-R- WF -Cantonese provided better aphasia diagnostic sensitivity (100%) and specificity (83.30%) values than the CRTT-L-Cantonese. Pearson correlation coefficients revealed significant moderate correlations between the Cantonese Aphasia Battery scores and the CRTT-Cantonese tests in PWAs, supporting adequate concurrent validity. Intraclass correlation coefficient showed high test–retest reliability (between .82 and .96, p < .001) for both CRTT-Cantonese tests for both groups. Conclusions Results support that the validly translated CRTT-R- WF -Cantonese and CRTT-L-Cantonese tests significantly differentiate the reading and listening comprehension of PWAs from HCs and provides acceptable concurrent validity and high test–retest reliability for both tests. Furthermore, favorable PWA versus HC sensitivity and specificity cutoff scores are presented for both CRTT-Cantonese listening and reading tests.

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Test-Retest reliability of prepulse inhibition (PPI) and PPI correlation with working memory

10.21203/rs.3.rs-429722/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Florian Freudenberg ◽

Heike Althen ◽

Kim Falk ◽

Robert A. Bittner ◽

Andreas Reif ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Working Memory ◽

Prepulse Inhibition ◽

Startle Response ◽

Intraclass Correlation ◽

Acoustic Startle ◽

Sensorimotor Gating ◽

Retest Reliability ◽

Healthy Humans ◽

Test Retest Reliability ◽

High Test

Abstract Sensorimotor gating – a mechanism to filter sensory input and regulate motor output - is experimentally operationalized by the prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the startle response (SR). Previous studies suggest high test-retest reliability of PPI and potential correlation with working memory (WM). Here we aimed to validate the test-retest reliability of PPI in healthy humans and its correlation with working memory (WM) performance. We applied an acoustic startle PPI paradigm with four different prepulse intensities (64, 68, 72, and 76 dB) and two different WM tasks (n-back, change detection task [CDT]). We were able to confirm high retest-reliability of the PPI with a mean intraclass correlation (ICC) of >0.80 and significant positive correlation of PPI with n-back but not with CDT performance. Detailed analysis showed that PPI across all prepulse intensities significantly correlated with both the 2-back and 0-back conditions, suggesting regulation by cross-conditional processes (e.g. attention). However, when removing the 0-back component from the 2-back data, we found a specific and significant correlation with WM for the 76 dB PPI condition. With the present study we were able to confirm the high test-retest reliability of the PPI in humans and could validate and expand on its correlation with WM performance.

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A 10-item Fugl-Meyer Motor Scale Based on Machine Learning

Physical Therapy ◽

10.1093/ptj/pzab036 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Gong-Hong Lin ◽

Chien-Yu Huang ◽

Shih-Chieh Lee ◽

Kuan-Lin Chen ◽

Jenn-Jier James Lien ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Machine Learning ◽

Psychometric Properties ◽

Concurrent Validity ◽

Short Form ◽

Intraclass Correlation ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Retest Reliability ◽

Test Retest Reliability ◽

Lasso Method

ABSTRACT Objective The Fugl-Meyer motor scale is a well-validated measure for assessing upper extremity and lower extremity motor functions in people with stroke. The Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FM) motor scale contains numerous items (50), which reduces its clinical usability. The purpose of this study was to develop a short form of the FM for people with stroke using a machine learning methodology (FM-ML) and compare the efficiency (ie, number of items) and psychometric properties of the FM-ML with those of other FM versions, including the original FM, the 37-item FM, and the 12-item FM. Methods This observational study with follow-up used a secondary data analysis. For developing the FM-ML, the random lasso method of ML was used to select the 10 most informative items (in terms of index of importance). Next, the scores of the FM-ML were calculated using an artificial neural network. Finally, the concurrent validity, predictive validity, responsiveness, and test–retest reliability of all FM versions were examined. Results The FM-ML used fewer items (80% fewer than the FM, 73% fewer than the 37-item FM, and 17% fewer than the 12-item FM) to achieve psychometric properties comparable to those of the other FM versions (concurrent validity: Pearson r = 0.95–0.99 vs 0.91–0.97; responsiveness: Pearson r = 0.78–0.91 vs 0.33–0.72; and test–retest reliability: intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.88–0.92 vs 0.93–0.98). Conclusion The findings preliminarily support the efficiency and psychometric properties of the 10-item FM-ML. Impact The FM-ML has potential to substantially improve the efficiency of motor function assessments in patients with stroke.

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Neuromuscular Plasticity: Disentangling Stable and Variable Motor Maps in the Human Sensorimotor Cortex

Neural Plasticity ◽

10.1155/2016/7365609 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-13 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Dominic Kraus ◽

Alireza Gharabaghi

Keyword(s):

Sensorimotor Cortex ◽

Intraclass Correlation ◽

Therapeutic Interventions ◽

Retest Reliability ◽

Resting Motor Threshold ◽

Motor Maps ◽

The Individual ◽

Test Retest Reliability ◽

High Test

Motor maps acquired with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) are evolving as a biomarker for monitoring disease progression or the effects of therapeutic interventions. High test-retest reliability of this technique for long observation periods is therefore required to differentiate daily or weekly fluctuations from stable plastic reorganization of corticospinal connectivity. In this study, a novel projection, interpolation, and coregistration technique, which considers the individual gyral anatomy, was applied in healthy subjects for biweekly acquired TMS motor maps over a period of twelve weeks. The intraclass correlation coefficient revealed long-term reliability of motor maps with relevant interhemispheric differences. The sensorimotor cortex and nonprimary motor areas of the dominant hemisphere showed more extended and more stable corticospinal connectivity. Long-term correlations of the MEP amplitudes at each stimulation site revealed mosaic-like clusters of consistent corticospinal excitability. The resting motor threshold, centre of gravity, and mean MEPs across all TMS sites, as highly reliable cortical map parameters, could be disentangled from more variable parameters such as MEP area and volume. Cortical TMS motor maps provide high test-retest reliability for long-term monitoring when analyzed with refined techniques. They may guide restorative interventions which target dormant corticospinal connectivity for neurorehabilitation.

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Test-Retest-Reliability of Computer-Based Metamorphopsia Measurement in Macular Diseases

Klinische Monatsblätter für Augenheilkunde ◽

10.1055/a-1252-2910 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Daniela Claessens ◽

Alexander K. Schuster ◽

Ronald V. Krüger ◽

Marian Liegl ◽

Laila Singh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Macular Edema ◽

Correlation Coefficient ◽

Intraclass Correlation Coefficient ◽

Intraclass Correlation ◽

Measuring Method ◽

Repeated Measurements ◽

Retest Reliability ◽

Macular Diseases ◽

Computer Based ◽

Test Retest Reliability

AbstractIn this study, the test-retest-reliability as one aspect of reliability of metamorphopsia measurements using a computer-based measuring method was determined in patients with macular diseases. Metamorphopsia amplitude, position, and area were quantified using AMD – A Metamorphopsia Detector software (app4eyes GmbH & Co. KG, Germany) in patients with diabetic, myopic, or uveitic macular edema, intermediate or neovascular age-associated macular degeneration, epiretinal membrane, vitelliform maculopathy, Irvine-Gass syndrome, or macular edema due to venous retinal occlusion. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was calculated in order to determine the repeatability of two repeated measurements and was used as an indicator of the reliability of the measurements. In this study, metamorphopsia measurements were conducted on 36 eyes with macular diseases. Metamorphopsia measurements made using AMD – A Metamorphopsia Detector software were highly reliable and repeatable in patients with maculopathies. The intraclass correlation coefficient of all indices was excellent (0.95 – 0.97). For diseases of the vitreoretinal interface or macular diseases with intra- or subretinal edema, this metamorphopsia measurement represents a supplement for visual function testing in the clinic, as well as in clinical studies.

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Validation of a menstrual pictogram and a daily bleeding diary for assessment of uterine fibroid treatment efficacy in clinical studies

Journal of Patient-Reported Outcomes ◽

10.1186/s41687-020-00263-0 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Claudia Haberland ◽

Anna Filonenko ◽

Christian Seitz ◽

Matthias Börner ◽

Christoph Gerlinger ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Uterine Fibroid ◽

Full Range ◽

Intraclass Correlation ◽

Phase Iii ◽

Measurement Properties ◽

Retest Reliability ◽

Response Options ◽

Patient Global Impression ◽

Patient Reported ◽

Test Retest Reliability

Abstract Background To evaluate the psychometric and measurement properties of two patient-reported outcome instruments, the menstrual pictogram superabsorbent polymer-containing version 3 (MP SAP-c v3) and Uterine Fibroid Daily Bleeding Diary (UF-DBD). Test-retest reliability, criterion, construct validity, responsiveness, missingness and comparability of the MP SAP-c v3 and UF-DBD versus the alkaline hematin (AH) method and a patient global impression of severity (PGI-S) were analyzed in post hoc trial analyses. Results Analyses were based on data from up to 756 patients. The full range of MP SAP-c v3 and UF-DBD response options were used, with score distributions reflecting the cyclic character of the disease. Test-retest reliability of MP SAP-c v3 and UF-DBD scores was supported by acceptable intraclass correlation coefficients when stability was defined by the AH method and Patient Global Impression of Severity (PGI-S) scores (0.80–0.96 and 0.42–0.94, respectively). MP SAP-c v3 and UF-DBD scores demonstrated strong and moderate-to-strong correlations with menstrual blood loss assessed by the AH method. Scores increased in monotonic fashion, with greater disease severities, defined by the AH method and PGI-S scores; differences between groups were mostly statistically significant (P < 0.05). MP SAP-c v3 and UF-DBD were sensitive to changes in disease severity, defined by the AH method and PGI-S. MP SAP-c v3 and UF-DBD showed a lower frequency of missing patient data versus the AH method, and good agreement with the AH method. Conclusions This evidence supports the use of the MP SAP-c v3 and UF-DBD to assess clinical efficacy endpoints in UF phase III studies replacing the AH method.

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Cross-cultural translation and validation of the Spanish version of the patellofemoral pain and osteoarthritis subscale of the KOOS (KOOS-PF)

BMC Research Notes ◽

10.1186/s13104-021-05619-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Juan Pablo Martinez-Cano ◽

Daniel Vernaza-Obando ◽

Julián Chica ◽

Andrés Mauricio Castro

Keyword(s):

Intraclass Correlation ◽

Patellofemoral Pain ◽

Spanish Version ◽

Minimal Detectable Change ◽

Global Rating ◽

Minimal Important Change ◽

Specific Patient ◽

Retest Reliability ◽

Patient Reported ◽

Test Retest Reliability

Abstract Objective The aim of this study was to translate to Spanish the patellofemoral pain and osteoarthritis subscale of the knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome score (KOOS-PF) and validate this Spanish version of a disease-specific patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) for patellofemoral pain. Results The KOOS-PF was translated to Spanish and sixty patients with patellofemoral pain and/or osteoarthritis accepted to complete the questionnaire. 1-week later 58 patients answered the questions again for the test–retest reliability validation and finally 55 patients completed 1-month later for the responsiveness assessment. The Spanish version showed very good internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha: 0.93) and test–retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient: 0.82). Responsiveness was confirmed, showing a strong correlation with the global rating of change (GROC) score (r 0.64). The minimal detectable change was 11.1 points, the minimal important change was 17.2 points, and there were no floor or ceiling effects for the score.

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Validity and reliability of the Mandarin version of the Treatment Burden Questionnaire among stroke patients in Mainland China

Family Practice ◽

10.1093/fampra/cmab004 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Qi Zhang ◽

Ke Zhang ◽

Miao Li ◽

Jiaxin Gu ◽

Xintong Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Internal Consistency ◽

Convergent Validity ◽

Intraclass Correlation ◽

Reliability And Validity ◽

Therapeutic Interventions ◽

Treatment Burden ◽

Validity And Reliability ◽

Stroke Patients ◽

Retest Reliability ◽

Test Retest Reliability

Abstract Objectives To examine the validity and reliability of the Mandarin version of the Treatment Burden Questionnaire (TBQ) among stroke patients. Background Stroke patients need long-term management of symptoms and life situation, and treatment burden has recently emerged as a new concept that can influence the health outcomes during the rehabilitation process. Methods The convenience sampling method was used to recruit 187 cases of stroke patients in a tertiary grade hospital in Tianjin for a formal investigation. Item analysis, reliability and validity tests were carried out. The reliability test included internal consistency and test–retest reliability. And as well as content, structure and convergent validity were performed for the validity test. Results Of the 187 completed questionnaires, only 180 (96.3%) were suitable for analysis. According to the experts’ evaluation, the I-CVI of each item was from 0.833 to 1.000, and the S-CVI was 0.967. The exploratory factor analysis yielded three-factor components with a cumulative variation of 53.054%. Convergent validity was demonstrated using measures of Morisky’s Medication Adherence Scale 8 (r = –0.450, P < 0.01). All correlations between items and global scores ranged from 0.403 to 0.638. Internal consistency reliability and test–retest reliability were found to be acceptable, as indicated by a Cronbach’s α of 0.824 and an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.846, respectively. Conclusions The Mandarin TBQ had acceptable validity and reliability. The use of TBQ in the assessment of treatment burden of stroke survivor may benefit health resources allocation and provide tailor therapeutic interventions to construct minimally disruptive care.

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Healthy decisions in the cued-attribute food choice paradigm have high test-retest reliability

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-91933-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Zahra Barakchian ◽

Anjali Raja Beharelle ◽

Todd A. Hare

Keyword(s):

Food Choice ◽

Food Choices ◽

Retest Reliability ◽

Individual Level ◽

Food Items ◽

Intervention Efficacy ◽

The Individual ◽

Test Retest Reliability ◽

Decision Mechanisms ◽

High Test

AbstractFood choice paradigms are commonly used to study decision mechanisms, individual differences, and intervention efficacy. Here, we measured behavior from twenty-three healthy young adults who completed five repetitions of a cued-attribute food choice paradigm over two weeks. This task includes cues prompting participants to explicitly consider the healthiness of the food items before making a selection, or to choose naturally based on whatever freely comes to mind. We found that the average patterns of food choices following both cue types and ratings about the palatability (i.e. taste) and healthiness of the food items were similar across all five repetitions. At the individual level, the test-retest reliability for choices in both conditions and healthiness ratings was excellent. However, test-retest reliability for taste ratings was only fair, suggesting that estimates about palatability may vary more from day to day for the same individual.

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