scholarly journals High-density, long-lasting, and multi-region electrophysiological recordings using polymer electrode arrays

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason E. Chung ◽  
Hannah R. Joo ◽  
Jiang Lan Fan ◽  
Daniel F. Liu ◽  
Alex H. Barnett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Electrode Arrays ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Electrophysiological Recordings ◽  
Spatial Coverage ◽  
Recording Channels ◽  
Distributed Circuits ◽  
Polymer Electrodes

AbstractThe brain is a massive neuronal network, organized into anatomically distributed sub-circuits, with functionally relevant activity occurring at timescales ranging from milliseconds to months. Current methods to monitor neural activity, however, lack the necessary conjunction of anatomical spatial coverage, temporal resolution, and long-term stability to measure this distributed activity. Here we introduce a large-scale, multi-site recording platform that integrates polymer electrodes with a modular stacking headstage design supporting up to 1024 recording channels in freely behaving rats. This system can support months-long recordings from hundreds of well-isolated units across multiple brain regions. Moreover, these recordings are stable enough to track 25% of single units for over a week. This platform enables large-scale electrophysiological interrogation of the fast dynamics and long-timescale evolution of anatomically distributed circuits, and thereby provides a new tool for understanding brain activity.

scholarly journals Intracranial electrophysiological recordings from the human brain during memory tasks with pupillometry

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Cimbalnik ◽  
Jaromir Dolezal ◽  
Çağdaş Topçu ◽  
Michal Lech ◽  
Victoria S. Marks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Activity ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Behavioral Performance ◽  
Gaze Tracking ◽  
Intracranial Eeg ◽  
Electrophysiological Recordings ◽  
Recording Channels ◽  
Efficient Data ◽  
Anatomical Localization ◽  
Electrode Contact

AbstractData comprise intracranial EEG (iEEG) brain activity represented by stereo EEG (sEEG) signals, recorded from over 100 electrode channels implanted in any one patient across various brain regions. The iEEG signals were recorded in epilepsy patients (N = 10) undergoing invasive monitoring and localization of seizures when they were performing a battery of four memory tasks lasting approx. 1 hour in total. Gaze tracking on the task computer screen with estimating the pupil size was also recorded together with behavioral performance. Each dataset comes from one patient with anatomical localization of each electrode contact. Metadata contains labels for the recording channels with behavioral events marked from all tasks, including timing of correct and incorrect vocalization of the remembered stimuli. The iEEG and the pupillometric signals are saved in BIDS data structure to facilitate efficient data sharing and analysis.

scholarly journals Polymer skulls with integrated transparent electrode arrays for cortex-wide opto-electrophysiological recordings

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Preston D Donaldson ◽  
Zahra S Navabi ◽  
Russell E Carter ◽  
Skylar M. L. Fausner ◽  
Leila Ghanbari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Imaging ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
High Spatial Resolution ◽  
Transparent Electrode ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Electrode Arrays ◽  
Sensory Stimuli ◽  
Cortical Dynamics ◽  
Multimodal Sensing ◽  
Electrophysiological Recordings

Electrophysiology and optical imaging provide complementary neural sensing capabilities; electrophysiological recordings have the highest temporal resolution, while optical imaging allows recording the activities of genetically defined populations at high spatial resolution. Combining these complementary, yet orthogonal modalities to perform simultaneous large-scale, multimodal sensing of neural activity across multiple brain regions would be very powerful. Here we show that transparent, inkjet-printed electrocorticography (ECoG) electrode arrays can be seamlessly integrated with morphologically conformant transparent polymer skulls for multimodal recordings across the cortex. These eSee-Shells, were implanted on transgenic mice expressing the Ca2+ indicator GCaMP6f in cortical excitatory cells and provided a robust opto-electrophysiological interface for over 100 days. eSee-Shells enable simultaneous mesoscale Ca2+ imaging and ECoG acquisition under anesthesia as well as in awake animals presented with sensory stimuli. eSee-Shells further show sufficient clarity and transparency to observe single-cell Ca2+ signals directly below the electrodes and interconnects. Simultaneous multimodal measurement of cortical dynamics reveals changes in both ECoG and Ca2+ signals that depend on the behavioral state.

scholarly journals Multi-shanks SiNAPS Active Pixel Sensor CMOS probe: 1024 simultaneously recording channels for high-density intracortical brain mapping

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Boi ◽  
Nikolas Perentos ◽  
Aziliz Lecomte ◽  
Gerrit Schwesig ◽  
Stefano Zordan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Activity ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Brain Area ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
High Density ◽  
Single Neurons ◽  
Electrode Arrays ◽  
Unit Recording ◽  
Recording Channels

AbstractThe advent of implantable active dense CMOS neural probes opened a new era for electrophysiology in neuroscience. These single shank electrode arrays, and the emerging tailored analysis tools, provide for the first time to neuroscientists the neurotechnology means to spatiotemporally resolve the activity of hundreds of different single-neurons in multiple vertically aligned brain structures. However, while these unprecedented experimental capabilities to study columnar brain properties are a big leap forward in neuroscience, there is the need to spatially distribute electrodes also horizontally. Closely spacing and consistently placing in well-defined geometrical arrangement multiple isolated single-shank probes is methodologically and economically impractical. Here, we present the first high-density CMOS neural probe with multiple shanks integrating thousand’s of closely spaced and simultaneously recording microelectrodes to map neural activity across 2D lattice. Taking advantage from the high-modularity of our electrode-pixels-based SiNAPS technology, we realized a four shanks active dense probe with 256 electrode-pixels/shank and a pitch of 28 µm, for a total of 1024 simultaneously recording channels. The achieved performances allow for full-band, whole-array read-outs at 25 kHz/channel, show a measured input referred noise in the action potential band (300-7000 Hz) of 6.5 ± 2.1µVRMS, and a power consumption <6 µW/electrode-pixel. Preliminary recordings in awake behaving mice demonstrated the capability of multi-shanks SiNAPS probes to simultaneously record neural activity (both LFPs and spikes) from a brain area >6 mm2, spanning cortical, hippocampal and thalamic regions. High-density 2D array enables combining large population unit recording across distributed networks with precise intra- and interlaminar/nuclear mapping of the oscillatory dynamics. These results pave the way to a new generation of high-density and extremely compact multi-shanks CMOS-probes with tunable layouts for electrophysiological mapping of brain activity at the single-neurons resolution.

Neurocognitive Aging and Functional Connectivity Using Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hana Burianová
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Cognitive Improvement ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Neurocognitive Aging

Determining the mechanisms that underlie neurocognitive aging, such as compensation or dedifferentiation, and facilitating the development of effective strategies for cognitive improvement is essential due to the steadily rising aging population. One approach to study the characteristics of healthy aging comprises the assessment of functional connectivity, delineating markers of age-related neurocognitive plasticity. Functional connectivity paradigms characterize complex one-to-many (or many-to-many) structure–function relations, as higher-level cognitive processes are mediated by the interaction among a number of functionally related neural areas rather than localized to discrete brain regions. Task-related or resting-state interregional correlations of brain activity have been used as reliable indices of functional connectivity, delineating age-related alterations in a number of large-scale brain networks, which subserve attention, working memory, episodic retrieval, and task-switching. Together with behavioral and regional activation studies, connectivity studies and modeling approaches have contributed to our understanding of the mechanisms of age-related reorganization of distributed functional networks; specifically, reduced neural specificity (dedifferentiation) and associated impairment in inhibitory control and compensatory neural recruitment.

scholarly journals Organization of Propagated Intrinsic Brain Activity in Individual Humans

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 1716-1734 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan V Raut ◽  
Anish Mitra ◽  
Scott Marek ◽  
Mario Ortega ◽  
Abraham Z Snyder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resting State ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cortical Excitability ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Resting State Fmri ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Brain Organization ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Slow Activity ◽  
Lag Structure

Abstract Spontaneous infra-slow (&lt;0.1 Hz) fluctuations in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) signals are temporally correlated within large-scale functional brain networks, motivating their use for mapping systems-level brain organization. However, recent electrophysiological and hemodynamic evidence suggest state-dependent propagation of infra-slow fluctuations, implying a functional role for ongoing infra-slow activity. Crucially, the study of infra-slow temporal lag structure has thus far been limited to large groups, as analyzing propagation delays requires extensive data averaging to overcome sampling variability. Here, we use resting-state fMRI data from 11 extensively-sampled individuals to characterize lag structure at the individual level. In addition to stable individual-specific features, we find spatiotemporal topographies in each subject similar to the group average. Notably, we find a set of early regions that are common to all individuals, are preferentially positioned proximal to multiple functional networks, and overlap with brain regions known to respond to diverse behavioral tasks—altogether consistent with a hypothesized ability to broadly influence cortical excitability. Our findings suggest that, like correlation structure, temporal lag structure is a fundamental organizational property of resting-state infra-slow activity.

scholarly journals Highly scalable multichannel mesh electronics for stable chronic brain electrophysiology

2017 ◽  
Vol 114 (47) ◽  
pp. E10046-E10055 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tian-Ming Fu ◽  
Guosong Hong ◽  
Robert D. Viveros ◽  
Tao Zhou ◽  
Charles M. Lieber
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Single Neuron ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Field Potential ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
High Density Recording ◽  
Local Circuits ◽  
Key Aspects

Implantable electrical probes have led to advances in neuroscience, brain−machine interfaces, and treatment of neurological diseases, yet they remain limited in several key aspects. Ideally, an electrical probe should be capable of recording from large numbers of neurons across multiple local circuits and, importantly, allow stable tracking of the evolution of these neurons over the entire course of study. Silicon probes based on microfabrication can yield large-scale, high-density recording but face challenges of chronic gliosis and instability due to mechanical and structural mismatch with the brain. Ultraflexible mesh electronics, on the other hand, have demonstrated negligible chronic immune response and stable long-term brain monitoring at single-neuron level, although, to date, it has been limited to 16 channels. Here, we present a scalable scheme for highly multiplexed mesh electronics probes to bridge the gap between scalability and flexibility, where 32 to 128 channels per probe were implemented while the crucial brain-like structure and mechanics were maintained. Combining this mesh design with multisite injection, we demonstrate stable 128-channel local field potential and single-unit recordings from multiple brain regions in awake restrained mice over 4 mo. In addition, the newly integrated mesh is used to validate stable chronic recordings in freely behaving mice. This scalable scheme for mesh electronics together with demonstrated long-term stability represent important progress toward the realization of ideal implantable electrical probes allowing for mapping and tracking single-neuron level circuit changes associated with learning, aging, and neurodegenerative diseases.

scholarly journals Activity flow underlying abnormalities in brain activations and cognition in schizophrenia

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (29) ◽  
pp. eabf2513
Author(s):  
Luke J. Hearne ◽  
Ravi D. Mill ◽  
Brian P. Keane ◽  
Grega Repovš ◽  
Alan Anticevic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Clinical Intervention ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
Flow Mapping ◽  
Flow Models ◽  
Evoked Activity

Cognitive dysfunction is a core feature of many brain disorders, including schizophrenia (SZ), and has been linked to aberrant brain activations. However, it is unclear how these activation abnormalities emerge. We propose that aberrant flow of brain activity across functional connectivity (FC) pathways leads to altered activations that produce cognitive dysfunction in SZ. We tested this hypothesis using activity flow mapping, an approach that models the movement of task-related activity between brain regions as a function of FC. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging data from SZ individuals and healthy controls during a working memory task, we found that activity flow models accurately predict aberrant cognitive activations across multiple brain networks. Within the same framework, we simulated a connectivity-based clinical intervention, predicting specific treatments that normalized brain activations and behavior in patients. Our results suggest that dysfunctional task-evoked activity flow is a large-scale network mechanism contributing to cognitive dysfunction in SZ.

scholarly journals Long-range phase synchronization of high-frequency oscillations in human cortex

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Arnulfo ◽  
S. H. Wang ◽  
V. Myrov ◽  
B. Toselli ◽  
J. Hirvonen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Phase Synchronization ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Spike Timing ◽  
Human Cortex ◽  
Neuronal Communication ◽  
High Frequency Oscillations ◽  
Connectivity Patterns

Abstract Inter-areal synchronization of neuronal oscillations at frequencies below ~100 Hz is a pervasive feature of neuronal activity and is thought to regulate communication in neuronal circuits. In contrast, faster activities and oscillations have been considered to be largely local-circuit-level phenomena without large-scale synchronization between brain regions. We show, using human intracerebral recordings, that 100–400 Hz high-frequency oscillations (HFOs) may be synchronized between widely distributed brain regions. HFO synchronization expresses individual frequency peaks and exhibits reliable connectivity patterns that show stable community structuring. HFO synchronization is also characterized by a laminar profile opposite to that of lower frequencies. Importantly, HFO synchronization is both transiently enhanced and suppressed in separate frequency bands during a response-inhibition task. These findings show that HFO synchronization constitutes a functionally significant form of neuronal spike-timing relationships in brain activity and thus a mesoscopic indication of neuronal communication per se.

scholarly journals Mapping Pavlovian Conditioning Effects on the Brain: Blocking, Contiguity, and Excitatory Effects

2001 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 809-823 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirk Jones ◽  
F. Gonzalez-Lima
Keyword(s):  
Pavlovian Conditioning ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Blocking Effect ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Caudate Putamen ◽  
Fdg Uptake ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Previous Learning

Pavlovian conditioning effects on the brain were investigated by mapping rat brain activity with fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) autoradiography. The goal was to map the effects of the same tone after blocking or eliciting a conditioned emotional response (CER). In the tone-blocked group, previous learning about a light blocked a CER to the tone. In the tone-excitor group, the same pairings of tone with shock US resulted in a CER to the tone in the absence of previous learning about the light. A third group showed no CER after pseudorandom presentations of these stimuli. Brain systems involved in the various associative effects of Pavlovian conditioning were identified, and their functional significance was interpreted in light of previous FDG studies. Three conditioning effects were mapped: 1) blocking effects: FDG uptake was lower in medial prefrontal cortex and higher in spinal trigeminal and cuneate nuclei in the tone-blocked group relative to the tone-excitor group. 2) Contiguity effects: relative to pseudorandom controls, similar FDG uptake increases in the tone-blocked and -excitor groups were found in auditory regions (inferior colliculus and cortex), hippocampus (CA1), cerebellum, caudate putamen, and solitary nucleus. Contiguity effects may be due to tone-shock pairings common to the tone-blocked and -excitor groups rather than their different CER. And 3) excitatory effects: FDG uptake increases limited to the tone-excitor group occurred in a circuit linked to the CER, including insular and anterior cingulate cortex, vertical diagonal band nucleus, anterior hypothalamus, and caudoventral caudate putamen. This study provided the first large-scale map of brain regions underlying the Kamin blocking effect on conditioning. In particular, the results suggest that suppression of prefrontal activity and activation of unconditioned stimulus pathways are important neural substrates of the Kamin blocking effect.

scholarly journals Ongoing dynamics in large-scale functional connectivity predict perception

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 (27) ◽  
pp. 8463-8468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sepideh Sadaghiani ◽  
Jean-Baptiste Poline ◽  
Andreas Kleinschmidt ◽  
Mark D’Esposito
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Network Structure ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Network Connectivity ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Modular Network ◽  
Auditory Detection ◽  
Correlation Strength ◽  
The Difference

Most brain activity occurs in an ongoing manner not directly locked to external events or stimuli. Regional ongoing activity fluctuates in unison with some brain regions but not others, and the degree of long-range coupling is called functional connectivity, often measured with correlation. Strength and spatial distributions of functional connectivity dynamically change in an ongoing manner over seconds to minutes, even when the external environment is held constant. Direct evidence for any behavioral relevance of these continuous large-scale dynamics has been limited. Here, we investigated whether ongoing changes in baseline functional connectivity correlate with perception. In a continuous auditory detection task, participants perceived the target sound in roughly one-half of the trials. Very long (22–40 s) interstimulus intervals permitted investigation of baseline connectivity unaffected by preceding evoked responses. Using multivariate classification, we observed that functional connectivity before the target predicted whether it was heard or missed. Using graph theoretical measures, we characterized the difference in functional connectivity between states that lead to hits vs. misses. Before misses compared with hits and task-free rest, connectivity showed reduced modularity, a measure of integrity of modular network structure. This effect was strongest in the default mode and visual networks and caused by both reduced within-network connectivity and enhanced across-network connections before misses. The relation of behavior to prestimulus connectivity was dissociable from that of prestimulus activity amplitudes. In conclusion, moment to moment dynamic changes in baseline functional connectivity may shape subsequent behavioral performance. A highly modular network structure seems beneficial to perceptual efficiency.

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