scholarly journals First report and multilocus genotyping of Enterocytozoon bieneusi from Tibetan pigs in southwestern China

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Run Luo ◽  
Leiqiong Xiang ◽  
Haifeng Liu ◽  
Zhijun Zhong ◽  
Li Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Enterocytozoon Bieneusi ◽  
Southwestern China ◽  
Zoonotic Potential ◽  
Tibetan Pig ◽  
Enteric Diseases ◽  
Tibetan Pigs ◽  
Intestinal Pathogen ◽  
Group 1

AbstractEnterocytozoon bieneusi is a common intestinal pathogen and a major cause of diarrhea and enteric diseases in a variety of animals. While the E. bieneusi genotype has become better-known, there are few reports on its prevalence in the Tibetan pig. This study investigated the prevalence, genetic diversity, and zoonotic potential of E. bieneusi in the Tibetan pig in southwestern China. Tibetan pig feces (266 samples) were collected from three sites in the southwest of China. Feces were subjected to PCR amplification of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. E. bieneusi was detected in 83 (31.2%) of Tibetan pigs from the three different sites, with 25.4% in Kangding, 56% in Yaan and 26.7% in Qionglai. Age group demonstrated the prevalence of E. bieneusi range from 24.4%(aged 0 to 1 years) to 44.4%(aged 1 to 2 years). Four genotypes of E. bieneusi were identified: two known genotypes EbpC (n=58), Henan-IV (n=24) and two novel genotypes, SCT01 and SCT02 (one of each). Phylogenetic analysis showed these four genotypes clustered to group 1 with zoonotic potential. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) analysis three microsatellites (MS1, MS3, MS7) and one minisatellite (MS4) revealed 47, 48, 23 and 47 positive specimens were successfully sequenced, and identified ten, ten, five and five genotypes at four loci, respectively. This study indicates the potential danger of E. bieneusi to Tibetan pigs in southwestern China, and offers basic data for preventing and controlling infections.

scholarly journals First report and multilocus genotyping of Enterocytozoon bieneusi from Tibetan pigs in southwestern China

Parasite ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Run Luo ◽  
Leiqiong Xiang ◽  
Haifeng Liu ◽  
Zhijun Zhong ◽  
Li Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Enterocytozoon Bieneusi ◽  
Southwestern China ◽  
Zoonotic Potential ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Tibetan Pig ◽  
Tibetan Pigs ◽  
Intestinal Pathogen ◽  
Group 1

Enterocytozoon bieneusi is a common intestinal pathogen in a variety of animals. While E. bieneusi genotypes have become better-known, there are few reports on its prevalence in the Tibetan pig. This study investigated the prevalence, genetic diversity, and zoonotic potential of E. bieneusi in the Tibetan pig in southwestern China. Tibetan pig feces (266 samples) were collected from three sites in the southwest of China. Feces were subjected to PCR amplification of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. Enterocytozoon bieneusi was detected in 83 (31.2%) of Tibetan pigs from the three different sites, with 25.4% in Kangding, 56% in Yaan, and 26.7% in Qionglai. Prevalence varies according to age group, from 24.4% (age 0–1 years) to 44.4% (age 1–2 years). Four genotypes of E. bieneusi were identified: two known genotypes EbpC (n = 58), Henan-IV (n = 24) and two novel genotypes, SCT01 and SCT02 (one of each). We compare our results with a compilation of published results on the host range and geographical distribution of E. bieneusi genotypes in China. Phylogenetic analysis showed these four genotypes clustered to group 1 with zoonotic potential. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) analysis of three microsatellites (MS1, MS3, MS7) and one minisatellite (MS4) was successful in 47, 48, 23 and 47 positive specimens and identified 10, 10, 5 and 5 genotypes at four loci, respectively. This study indicates the potential danger of E. bieneusi to Tibetan pigs in southwestern China, and offers basic advice for preventing and controlling infections.

scholarly journals Host-Adaptation of Rare Enterocytozoon bieneusi Genotype CHN4 in Coypu (Myocastor Coypus) in China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fuchang Yu ◽  
Yangwenna Cao ◽  
Haiyan Wang ◽  
Qiang Liu ◽  
Aiyun Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Host Adaptation ◽  
Enterocytozoon Bieneusi ◽  
Transmission Dynamics ◽  
Zoonotic Potential ◽  
Myocastor Coypus ◽  
Gastrointestinal Pathogen ◽  
Dominant Genotype

Abstract Background: Enterocytozoon bieneusi is a zoonotic gastrointestinal pathogen and can infect both humans and animals. Coypus (Myocastor coypus) is a semi-aquatic rodent, in which few E. bieneusi infections have been reported. Methods: A total of 308 fresh fecal samples were collected from seven coypu farms in China to determine the infection status and the zoonotic potential of E. bieneusi from coypus using nested-PCR amplification of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region.Results: E. bieneusi was detected with an infection rate of 41.2% (n = 127). Four genotypes were identified, including CHN4 (n = 111), EbpC (n = 8) and EbpA (n = 7) and a novel genotype named CNCP1 (n = 1). Conclusions: The rare genotype CHN4 was the most dominant genotype in this study, and the transmission dynamics of E. bieneusi in coypus were different from other rodents. This is the first report of E. bieneusi infections in coypus in China. Our study reveals that E. bieneusi in coypus may be potentially transmissible from coypus to humans.

scholarly journals Molecular-Based Detection of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in Farmed Masked Palm Civets (Paguma larvata) in Hainan, China: A High-Prevalence, Specificity, and Zoonotic Potential of ITS Genotypes

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Zhao ◽  
Guang-Xu Ren ◽  
Yu Qiang ◽  
Jiaqi Li ◽  
Jinkang Pu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Hainan Island ◽  
Enterocytozoon Bieneusi ◽  
Zoonotic Potential ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Group 12 ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Group 1

Enterocytozoon bieneusi is a microsporidian and zoonotic species. This study investigated the prevalence and distribution of E. bieneusi genotypes in farmed masked palm civets using nested PCR, as well as assessed their zoonotic potential by phylogenetic analysis of the ITS region of the rRNA region. Here, we collected 251 fecal specimens from farmed masked palm civets (Paguma larvata) from the Hainan Island, China. In total, 128 of 251 samples were positive for E. bieneusi, with an average infection rate of 51.0%. Seventeen genotypes were identified including 12 known genotypes—HNR-VI (n = 56), SHR1 (n = 45), SHW7 (n = 6), KIN-1 (n = 3), D (n = 3), New1 (n = 3), EbpC (n = 2), CHC5 (n = 1), CHG19 (n = 1), CHN4 (n = 1), EbpA (n = 1), and Henan-III (n = 1)—and five novel genotypes (HNPL-I to HNPL-II; one each). Phylogenetic analysis categorized these genotypes into two groups. Thirteen of them were members of the zoonotic group 1, and the remaining four genotypes were in group 12. This study has shown that the infection rates of E. bieneusi in masked palm civets from Hainan were relatively high and provide baseline data to control and prevent microsporidiosis in farm-related communities. Therefore, infections in masked palm civets with zoonotic genotypes D, EbpC, CHN4, EbpA, KIN-1, and Henan-III should be considered potential threats to public health.

scholarly journals Molecular Detection and Genotyping of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in Black Goats (Capra hircus) in Yunnan Province, Southwestern China

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 3387
Author(s):  
Shi-Chen Xie ◽  
Yang Zou ◽  
Zhao Li ◽  
Jian-Fa Yang ◽  
Xing-Quan Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Yunnan Province ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Enterocytozoon Bieneusi ◽  
Southwestern China ◽  
Capra Hircus ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Group 1

Enterocytozoon bieneusi is a fungus-like protist that can parasitize in the intestines of humans and various animals causing a threat to public health. However, there has been no data for E. bieneusi prevalence and genotypes in black goats in Yunnan Province, Southwestern China. In this study, 907 fecal samples were collected from black goats in 5 counties from Yunnan Province. The prevalence and genotypes of E. bieneusi were examined by nested PCR amplification targeting the nuclear internal transcribed spacer (ITS). Multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) was used to further examine the potential occurrence of genetic segregation. The overall prevalence of E. bieneusi in black goats in Yunnan Province was 10.3% (93/907). Statistical analysis revealed that E. bieneusi prevalence was significantly associated with the region, age and gender of black goats (p < 0.001). Four new genotypes (CYG-1, CYG-2, CYG-3, CYG-4) and 11 known genotypes (CHG1, CHG2, CHG3, CHG5, CHG28, J, D, BEB6, Wildboar3, CD6, SDD1) of E. bieneusi were identified. At the microsatellite and minisatellite loci, 15, 2, 17, and 33 sequences were obtained, respectively, forming one new multi-locus genotype (MLG27). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that all 15 genotypes were clustered into group 1 and group 2, with zoonotic potential. This is the first report of E. bieneusi prevalence and genotypes in black goats in Yunnan Province, China. Effective control strategies and measures should be taken to reduce the risk of E. bieneusi transmission between black goats, other animals, and humans.

scholarly journals Genotyping and zoonotic potential of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in cattle farmed in Hainan Province, the southernmost region of China

Parasite ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Xin-Li Zheng ◽  
Huan-Huan Zhou ◽  
Gangxu Ren ◽  
Tian-Ming Ma ◽  
Zong-Xi Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enterocytozoon Bieneusi ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Hainan Province ◽  
Zoonotic Potential ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Genotype Identification ◽  
Intestinal Pathogen ◽  
Important Host ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Enterocytozoon bieneusi is an intestinal pathogen that infects a wide range of species, including humans. Cattle constitute an important host for E. bieneusi; however, there is a scarcity of information on the prevalence and genotyping of E. bieneusi in cattle in the Hainan Province of China. In this study, PCR analysis of 314 fecal samples from cattle in six cities of Hainan was performed for genotype identification. The average prevalence of E. bieneusi in these animals was 9.9% (31/314), and ranged from 0.0% (0/12) to 20.5% (8/39). Five known genotypes – EbpC (n = 14), BEB4 (n = 12), J (n = 2), I (n = 1), and CHG5 (n = 1) – and a novel genotype: HNC-I (n = 1) – were identified. Genotypes EbpC and HNC-I were placed in zoonotic Group 1, and the remaining four genotypes (BEB4, J, I, and CHG5) were placed in Group 2. Since 93.5% of the genotypes found in the cattle (29/31) (EbpC, BEB4, J, and I) have previously been found in humans, these genotypes are probably involved in the transmission of microsporidiosis to humans.

scholarly journals First detection of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in whooper swans (Cygnus cygnus) in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuexin Wang ◽  
Kaihui Zhang ◽  
Yifan Zhang ◽  
Ke Wang ◽  
Azhar Gazizova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Enterocytozoon Bieneusi ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Health Significance ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Whooper Swan

Abstract Background Enterocytozoon bieneusi is a parasite that infects humans and a wide range of other animals. The large migratory waterfowl, the whooper swan (Cygnus cygnus), travels through many cities during its migration and can spread parasites. Despite receiving increasing attention worldwide, there have been no reports of E. bieneusi infection occurring in C. cygnus. Therefore, this study aims to assess the prevalence and genetic characteristics of E. bieneusi in C. cygnus in Sanmenxia, China. Methods Altogether, 467 fresh fecal samples were collected in the Swan Wetland Park in Sanmenxia, China. Genomic DNA was extracted from fresh fecal samples (n = 467) and E. bieneusi was identified by nested PCR amplification of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. ITS-positive sequences were aligned and phylogenetically analyzed to determine the genotypes of E. bieneusi. Results The overall prevalence of E. bieneusi in C. cygnus was 7.49% (35/467). Sequencing of the 35 positive samples revealed eight known genotypes (EbpA, EbpC, Henan-III, Henan-IV, BEB6, CD9, Peru6 and PtEb IX) and three novel genotypes (CSW1, CSW2 and CSW3). The phylogenetic tree constructed from the ITS sequences showed that seven genotypes (Peru6, EbpA, EbpC, Henan-III, CSW3, Henan-IV and CSW1) clustered within the zoonotic Group 1 while the remaining novel genotype CSW2 clustered within Group 5. Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first report of E. bieneusi in C. cygnus. Of public health significance, our results suggest that migratory C. cygnus might play an important role in the water-borne transmission of E. bieneusi. Effective strategies will be necessary to control E. bieneusi infection in C. cygnus, other animals and humans.

scholarly journals First Identification and Genotyping of Enterocytozoon bieneusi and Prevalence of Encephalitozoon intestinalis in Patients with Acute Diarrhea in the Republic of Korea

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1424
Author(s):  
Ji-Young Kwon ◽  
Ji-Ye Seo ◽  
Tae-Yun Kim ◽  
Hee-Il Lee ◽  
Jung-Won Ju
Keyword(s):  
Acute Diarrhea ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Enterocytozoon Bieneusi ◽  
Republic Of Korea ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer Region ◽  
Severe Diarrhea ◽  
Encephalitozoon Intestinalis ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Group 1

Encephalitozoon intestinalis and Enterocytozoon bieneusi can cause diarrhea in humans, especially severe diarrhea in immunocompromised patients. However, there have been few studies on Enc. intestinalis and Ent. bieneusi in patients with acute diarrhea in the Republic of Korea (ROK). In this study, fecal samples were collected from 1241 patients with acute diarrhea in 2020. Among these, 24 cases of Enc. intestinalis and one case of Ent. bieneusi were detected via PCR amplification of small subunit ribosomal RNA. Genotyping of the internal transcribed spacer region sequence revealed that the detected Ent. bieneusi genotype was in Group 1. This study provides the first evidence that Ent. bieneusi exists in humans in addition to animals in the ROK. To identify the causative agent, continuous monitoring of Enc. intestinalis and Ent. bieneusi is necessary for patients with acute diarrhea in the ROK.

scholarly journals Host-adaptation of the rare Enterocytozoon bieneusi genotype CHN4 in Myocastor coypus (Rodentia: Echimyidae) in China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fuchang Yu ◽  
Yangwenna Cao ◽  
Haiyan Wang ◽  
Qiang Liu ◽  
Aiyun Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infection Rate ◽  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Host Adaptation ◽  
Enterocytozoon Bieneusi ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Myocastor Coypus ◽  
Gastrointestinal Pathogen ◽  
Infection Source

Abstract Background: Enterocytozoon bieneusi is a zoonotic gastrointestinal pathogen and can infect both humans and animals. The coypu (Myocastor coypus) is a semi-aquatic rodent, in which few E. bieneusi infections have been reported and the distribution of genotypes and zoonotic potential remains unknown.Methods: A total of 308 fresh fecal samples were collected from seven coypu farms in China to determine the infection rate and the distribution of genotypes of E. bieneusi from coypus using nested-PCR amplification of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene.Results: Enterocytozoon bieneusi was detected with an infection rate of 41.2% (n = 127). Four genotypes were identified, including three known genotypes (CHN4 (n = 111), EbpC (n = 8) and EbpA (n = 7)) and a novel genotype named CNCP1 (n = 1). Conclusions: The rare genotype CHN4 was the most common genotype in the present study, and the transmission dynamics of E. bieneusi in coypus were different from other rodents. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of E. bieneusi infections in coypus in China. Our study reveals that E. bieneusi in coypus may be a potential infection source to humans.

scholarly journals Molecular detection of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in alpacas (Vicugna pacos) in Xinjiang, China

Parasite ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiyuan Zhang ◽  
Haiyan Wang ◽  
Aiyun Zhao ◽  
Wei Zhao ◽  
Zilin Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Its Region ◽  
Enterocytozoon Bieneusi ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Intracellular Pathogen ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Obligate Intracellular ◽  
Vicugna Pacos ◽  
Obligate Intracellular Pathogen ◽  
Dominant Genotype ◽  
Group 1

Enterocytozoon bieneusi, an obligate intracellular pathogen, can infect a wide variety of hosts. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and molecular characteristics of E. bieneusi in alpacas (Vicugna pacos) in China. A total of 185 alpaca fecal samples were collected from five herds in Tacheng, Wensu, Hejing, Qinghe, and Nilka counties in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. Enterocytozoon bieneusi was detected by nested PCR of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. Twenty-eight fecal samples (15.1%, 28/185) were positive for E. bieneusi, with the highest prevalence in alpacas from Qinghe (42.9%, 15/35). Four E. bieneusi genotypes were identified, which included two known (P and ALP3) and two novel (ALP7 and ALP8) genotypes. Genotype ALP3 was the dominant genotype (57.1%, 16/28), followed by genotypes P (32.1%, 9/28), ALP7 (7.1%, 2/28), and ALP8 (2.6%, 1/28). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that three genotypes (P, ALP7, and ALP3) clustered into group 1, whereas genotype ALP8 clustered into group 8. This is the first report of E. bieneusi infection and genetic diversity in alpacas from Xinjiang, China.

scholarly journals Genotyping and Zoonotic Potential of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in Stray Dogs Sheltered from Shanghai, China

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 3571
Author(s):  
Hua Liu ◽  
Jie Xu ◽  
Yujuan Shen ◽  
Jianping Cao ◽  
Jianhai Yin
Keyword(s):  
Health Management ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Enterocytozoon Bieneusi ◽  
Stray Dogs ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Positive Rate ◽  
Prevalent Species

Microsporidia are considered to be highly diverged and specialized parasites, and can infect a wide variety of vertebrate and invertebrate hosts. Enterocytozoon bieneusi is the most prevalent species in humans and various livestock, wildlife, and companion mammals. Dogs being the most popular companion animals of humans become more and more regarded. In this study, 272 fecal specimens were collected from stray dogs from Shanghai, but the dogs were adopted in a shelter in Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China. E. bieneusi was examined by PCR amplification of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and sequence analysis. The total positive rate of E. bieneusi was 8.8% (24/272). Moreover, 8 genotypes were found, including three known (genotypes EbpA, Henan V and Type IV) and 5 novel genotypes (genotypes SHZJD1–5). Two samples were positive for two genotypes, one was positive fortype SHZJD4 and Henan V, the other was positive for Henan V and Type IV. In addition, phylogenetic analysis showed all genotypes obtained in this study were all clustered into the zoonotic group 1. Therefore, the risk of zoonotic transmission of pathogens such as E. bieneusi from stray dogs to humans potentially threaten human health, and it is time to strengthen their health management.

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