scholarly journals Phylotastic: improving access to tree-of-life knowledge with flexible, on-the-fly delivery of trees

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Van D. Nguyen ◽  
Thanh H. Nguyen ◽  
Abu Saleh Md. Tayeen ◽  
H. Dail Laughinghouse ◽  
Luna L. Sánchez-Reyes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Web Services ◽  
Tree Of Life ◽  
Online Resources ◽  
Species List ◽  
Geologic Time ◽  
Current State ◽  
Custom Made ◽  
Special Knowledge ◽  
Research And Education ◽  
Thumbnail Images

Abstract(1) A comprehensive phylogeny of species, i.e., a tree of life, has potential uses in a variety of contexts in research and education. This potential is limited if accessing the tree of life requires special knowledge, complex software, or long periods of training.(2) The Phylotastic project aims to use web-services technologies to lower the barrier for accessing phylogenetic knowledge, making it as easy to get a phylogeny of species as it is to get online driving directions. In prior work, we designed an open system of web services to validate and manage species names, find phylogeny resources, extract subtrees matching a user’s species list, calibrate them, and mash them up with images and information from online resources.(3) Here we report a publicly accessible system for on-the-fly delivery of phylogenetic knowledge, developed with user feedback on what types of functionality are considered useful by researchers and educators. The system currently consists of a web portal that implements 3 types of workflows to obtain species phylogenies (scaled by geologic time and decorated with thumbnail images); 19 underlying web services accessible via a common registry; and toolbox code in R and Python so that others can create applications that leverage these services. These resources cover most of the use-cases identified in our analysis of user needs.(4) The Phylotastic system, accessible viahttp://www.phylotastic.org, provides a unique resource to access the current state of phylogenetic knowledge, useful for a variety of cases in which a tree extracted quickly from online resources (as distinct from a tree custom-made from character data) is sufficient, as it is for many casual uses of trees identified here.

scholarly journals Phylotastic: Improving Access to Tree-of-Life Knowledge With Flexible, on-the-Fly Delivery of Trees

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 117693431989938
Author(s):  
Van D Nguyen ◽  
Thanh H Nguyen ◽  
Abu Saleh Md Tayeen ◽  
H Dail Laughinghouse ◽  
Luna L Sánchez-Reyes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Of Life ◽  
Online Resources ◽  
Research Education ◽  
Geologic Time ◽  
Current State ◽  
Mapping Software ◽  
As Species ◽  
Custom Made ◽  
Special Knowledge ◽  
Thumbnail Images

A comprehensive phylogeny of species, i.e., a tree of life, has potential uses in a variety of contexts, including research, education, and public policy. Yet, accessing the tree of life typically requires special knowledge, complex software, or long periods of training. The Phylotastic project aims make it as easy to get a phylogeny of species as it is to get driving directions from mapping software. In prior work, we presented a design for an open system to validate and manage taxon names, find phylogeny resources, extract subtrees matching a user’s taxon list, scale trees to time, and integrate related resources such as species images. Here, we report the implementation of a set of tools that together represent a robust, accessible system for on-the-fly delivery of phylogenetic knowledge. This set of tools includes a web portal to execute several customizable workflows to obtain species phylogenies (scaled by geologic time and decorated with thumbnail images); more than 30 underlying web services (accessible via a common registry); and code toolkits in R and Python (allowing others to develop custom applications using Phylotastic services). The Phylotastic system, accessible via http://www.phylotastic.org , provides a unique resource to access the current state of phylogenetic knowledge, useful for a variety of cases in which a tree extracted quickly from online resources (as distinct from a tree custom-made from character data) is sufficient, as it is for many casual uses of trees identified here.

An Assessment on the Benefits of Additive Manufacturing Regarding New Swirler Geometries for Gas Turbine Burners

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrice Giuliani ◽  
Nina Paulitsch ◽  
Daniele Cozzi ◽  
Michael Görtler ◽  
Lukas Andracher
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Inconel 718 ◽  
Advanced Materials ◽  
Gas Turbine Combustor ◽  
Engineering Research ◽  
Know How ◽  
Current State ◽  
Research And Education ◽  
Near Future

In the near future, combustion engineers will shape the burner according to the flame, and not the opposite way anymore. In this contribution, this idea is explored with the help of additive manufacturing (AM). The focus is put on the design and the production of swirlers using advanced materials with the least possible efforts in terms of manufacturing. The material chosen for this study is Inconel 718. There are three motivations to this project. The first one is to design new shapes and assess these in comparison to conventional ones. The second motivation is to be able to manufacture them using additive manufacturing, and to gather know-how on selective laser melting. The third motivation is to elaborate a methodology involving engineering, research and education to promote — only if and when this is desirable — the production of series of premium parts such as high-end components of gas turbine combustor using AM. First-of-a-kind swirler shapes are explained and designed. These are unlikely to be produced using conventional manufacturing. They are then successfully produced in Inconel 718 using AM. The raw parts are directly submitted for testing with no surface post-processing. The paper states why at current state-of-the-art the raw surface quality still needs improvement, and highlights the benefits of the new swirler shape versus conventional.

scholarly journals Global neurosurgery: a scoping review detailing the current state of international neurosurgical outreach

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Anthony T. Fuller ◽  
Ariana Barkley ◽  
Robin Du ◽  
Cyrus Elahi ◽  
Ali R. Tafreshi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
The United States ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Gray Literature ◽  
Current State ◽  
Study Selection ◽  
Research And Education

OBJECTIVEGlobal neurosurgery is a rapidly emerging field that aims to address the worldwide shortages in neurosurgical care. Many published outreach efforts and initiatives exist to address the global disparity in neurosurgical care; however, there is no centralized report detailing these efforts. This scoping review aims to characterize the field of global neurosurgery by identifying partnerships between high-income countries (HICs) and low- and/or middle-income countries (LMICs) that seek to increase neurosurgical capacity.METHODSA scoping review was conducted using the Arksey and O’Malley framework. A search was conducted in five electronic databases and the gray literature, defined as literature not published through traditional commercial or academic means, to identify studies describing global neurosurgery partnerships. Study selection and data extraction were performed by four independent reviewers, and any disagreements were settled by the team and ultimately the team lead.RESULTSThe original database search produced 2221 articles, which was reduced to 183 final articles after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria. These final articles, along with 9 additional gray literature references, captured 169 unique global neurosurgery collaborations between HICs and LMICs. Of this total, 103 (61%) collaborations involved surgical intervention, while local training of medical personnel, research, and education were done in 48%, 38%, and 30% of efforts, respectively. Many of the collaborations (100 [59%]) are ongoing, and 93 (55%) of them resulted in an increase in capacity within the LMIC involved. The largest proportion of efforts began between 2005–2009 (28%) and 2010–2014 (17%). The most frequently involved HICs were the United States, Canada, and France, whereas the most frequently involved LMICs were Uganda, Tanzania, and Kenya.CONCLUSIONSThis review provides a detailed overview of current global neurosurgery efforts, elucidates gaps in the existing literature, and identifies the LMICs that may benefit from further efforts to improve accessibility to essential neurosurgical care worldwide.

A Context-Based and Policy-Driven Method to Design and Develop Composite Web Services

2010 ◽  
pp. 310-328
Author(s):  
Zakaria Maamar ◽  
Djamal Benslimane
Keyword(s):  
Web Services ◽  
User Needs ◽  
Design And Development ◽  
Graphical Notation ◽  
Current State ◽  
Behavior Specification ◽  
Composite Web Services ◽  
Composition Operations ◽  
State Of The Environment ◽  
Development Methods

Web services are nowadays attracting the attention of both academia and industry. However, a very little has so far been accomplished in terms of design and development methods that assist those who are responsible for specifying and running applications based on Web services. For this purpose, we developed CP4WS that stands for Context and Policy for Web Services. CP4WS is a context-based and policy-driven method for designing and developing composite Web services. Policies manage various aspects related to Web services like participation in composition and adjustment due to changes in the environment, and context provides the necessary information that enables for instance to trigger the appropriate policies and to regulate the interactions between Web services according to the current state of the environment. CP4WS consists of several steps such as user needs identification and Web services behavior specification. Each step has a specific graphical notation that facilitates the representation, description, and validation of the composition operations of Web services. A running scenario that illustrates the use of CP4WS is presented in the article as well.

scholarly journals Web tools to fight pandemics: the COVID-19 experience

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Mercatelli ◽  
Andrew N Holding ◽  
Federico M Giorgi
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Data ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Online Resources ◽  
Current State ◽  
Web Tools ◽  
Current Outbreak ◽  
Online Methods

Abstract The current outbreak of COVID-19 has generated an unprecedented scientific response worldwide, with the generation of vast amounts of publicly available epidemiological, biological and clinical data. Bioinformatics scientists have quickly produced online methods to provide non-computational users with the opportunity of analyzing such data. In this review, we report the results of this effort, by cataloguing the currently most popular web tools for COVID-19 research and analysis. Our focus was driven on tools drawing data from the fields of epidemiology, genomics, interactomics and pharmacology, in order to provide a meaningful depiction of the current state of the art of COVID-19 online resources.

scholarly journals Information System and Technology Optimization as a Tool for Ensuring the Competitiveness of a Railway Undertaking—Case Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 8915
Author(s):  
Juraj Čamaj ◽  
Eva Brumerčíková ◽  
Michal Petr Hranický
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Railway Transport ◽  
Mathematical Methods ◽  
Current State ◽  
The World ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Research And Education

Information and communication technologies are becoming an increasingly important part of everyday life, as they facilitate many activities, mainly in the world of work, but also in scientific research and education. At present, informatics is one of the fastest growing sectors of the national economy. This development has had a significant impact on improving the quality of transport and transportation processes. The article is focused on the railway transport. It deals with the possibilities of planning the shifts of the train personnel and circulation of the vehicles. It describes the background of the topic. The scientific acquittance lies on the methodology proposed by authors. It presents a new idea of creating the shifts and circulations while being based on the current state and mathematical methods.

scholarly journals Open-Source Intelligence Educational Resources: A Visual Perspective Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (21) ◽  
pp. 7617
Author(s):  
Jhon Francined Herrera-Cubides ◽  
Paulo Alonso Gaona-García ◽  
Salvador Sánchez-Alonso
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Hierarchical Classification ◽  
Educational Resources ◽  
Research Dissemination ◽  
Metadata Extraction ◽  
Material Sources ◽  
Current State ◽  
Open Source Intelligence ◽  
State Of Research ◽  
Research And Education

Given the growing application of open-source intelligence (OSINT), which has facilitated fast decision-making, this study aims to explore how research and educational material production in OSINT has evolved. For this analysis, two OSINT material sources are examined: the research dissemination databases and educational resources repositories. Considering that web information may or may not be publicly available, web Scraping and querying web interface strategies are used to metadata extraction. Finally, we suggest a findings hierarchical classification for the metadata retrieval results. Our main results: (1) Google Scholar and NewsBank are the centralizing axes of OSINT publications; (2) OSINT presents a broad development in the areas of defense and security; thus, presenting itself a promising future; (3) it is necessary both to generate educational resources that complement OSINT training processes and documenting existing resources with a metadata structure defined for this purpose; (4) pay increased attention to the last stages of the OSINT process, to use this knowledge in more assertive ways. This study allows guiding the researchers to the current state of research and education in OSINT and promotes a useful metadata description to make resources accessible and reusable in the educational environment.

A Context-Based and Policy-Driven Method to Design and Develop Composite Web Services

2009 ◽  
pp. 373-392
Author(s):  
Zakaria Maamar ◽  
Djamal Benslimane
Keyword(s):  
Web Services ◽  
User Needs ◽  
Design And Development ◽  
Graphical Notation ◽  
Current State ◽  
Behavior Specification ◽  
Composite Web Services ◽  
Composition Operations ◽  
State Of The Environment ◽  
Development Methods

Web services are nowadays attracting the attention of both academia and industry. However, a very little has so far been accomplished in terms of design and development methods that assist those who are responsible for specifying and running applications based on Web services. For this purpose, we developed CP4WS that stands for Context and Policy for Web Services. CP4WS is a context-based and policy-driven method for designing and developing composite Web servicfes. Policies manage various aspects related to Web services like participation in composition and adjustment due to changes in the environment, and context provides the necessary information that enables for instance to trigger the appropriate policies and to regulate the interactions between Web services according to the current state of the environment. CP4WS consists of several steps such as user needs identification and Web services behavior specification. Each step has a specific graphical notation that facilitates the representation, description, and validation of the composition operations of Web services. A running scenario that illustrates the use of CP4WS is presented in the chapter as well.

Context-Aware Mobile Search Engine

2012 ◽  
pp. 371-385
Author(s):  
Jawad Berri ◽  
Rachid Benlamri
Keyword(s):  
Web Services ◽  
Search Engine ◽  
Information Search ◽  
Web Search ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Context Information ◽  
Context Model ◽  
Mobile Web ◽  
Custom Made ◽  
Context Integration

Exploiting context information in a web search engine helps fine-tuning web services and applications to deliver custom-made information to end users. While context, including user and environment information, cannot be exploited efficiently in the wired Internet interaction type, it is becoming accessible with the mobile web where users have an intimate relationship with their handsets. In this type of interaction, context plays a significant role enhancing information search and therefore, allowing a search engine to detect relevant content in all digital forms and formats. This chapter proposes a context model and an architecture that promote integration of context information for individuals and social communities to add value to their interaction with the mobile web. The architecture relies on efficient knowledge management of multimedia resources for a wide range of applications and web services. The research is illustrated with a corporate case study showing how efficient context integration improves usability of a mobile search engine.

Profiler as an expert – selected issues

2017 ◽  
Vol 298 ◽  
pp. 69-75
Author(s):  
Karolina Olszak-Häußler ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Expert Opinion ◽  
Criminal Procedure ◽  
Criminal Profiling ◽  
Media Attention ◽  
Expert Opinions ◽  
Current State ◽  
Special Knowledge ◽  
Criminal Profile

Despite the fact that criminal profiling attracts massive media attention, our knowledge about the process of elaborating expert opinions containing criminal profiles is very limited. Based on the literature review, the author attempts to answer the questions: what is the objective of appointing an expert in the field of criminal profiling? and, which criteria should be applied to the evaluation of expert opinion?. Based on the content of the present article, it can be concluded that the current state of knowledge does not allow to determine unequivocally whether the profiler needs special knowledge, nor what should be the scope of such knowledge. Moreover, it cannot be clearly determined, whether the profile provides information of relevance to the resolution of the case. However, there is no doubt that wherever criminal profile takes the form of an expert opinion, it should be subject to very careful control, in accordance with the provisions of the Code of Criminal Procedure and doctrine recommendations regarding this matter.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document