scholarly journals A stable pollination environment limits current but not potential evolution of floral traits

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Clara Castellanos ◽  
Javier Montero-Pau ◽  
Peio Ziarsolo ◽  
Jose Miguel Blanca ◽  
Joaquin Cañizares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Studies ◽  
Floral Traits ◽  
Stabilizing Selection ◽  
Heritable Variation ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Stable Conditions ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
High Heritability ◽  
Vast Variation ◽  
Pollination Environment

AbstractPlants’ vast variation in floral traits at a macroevolutionary level is often interpreted as the result of adaptation to pollinators. However, field studies often find no evidence of pollinator-mediated selection on flowers. This could be explained by periods of stasis, when selection is relaxed under stable conditions, followed by pollinator changes that provide innovative selection. We asked if periods of stasis are caused by stabilizing or absence of other forms of selection on floral traits, or by low trait heritability even if selection is present. We studied Ulex parviflorus, a plant predominantly pollinated by one bee species across its range. We measured heritability and evolvability of floral traits, using genome-wide molecular relatedness in a wild population, and combined this with estimates of selection. We found evidence for both stabilizing selection and low trait heritability as explanations for stasis in flowers. The area of the standard petal is under stabilizing selection, but the variability observed in the wild is not heritable. A separate trait, floral size, in turn presents high heritability, but is not currently under selection. We show how a stable pollination environment can lead to a lack of evolutionary change, yet maintain heritable variation to respond to future selection pressures.

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Association and Prediction of Male and Female Floral Hybrid Potential Traits in Elite Spring Bread Wheat Genotypes

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 895
Author(s):  
Samira El Hanafi ◽  
Souad Cherkaoui ◽  
Zakaria Kehel ◽  
Ayed Al-Abdallat ◽  
Wuletaw Tadesse
Keyword(s):  
Genomic Selection ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Genome Wide Association ◽  
Hybrid Breeding ◽  
Floral Traits ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Spring Bread Wheat ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Anther Length ◽  
Anther Extrusion

Hybrid wheat breeding is one of the most promising technologies for further sustainable yield increases. However, the cleistogamous nature of wheat displays a major bottleneck for a successful hybrid breeding program. Thus, an optimized breeding strategy by developing appropriate parental lines with favorable floral trait combinations is the best way to enhance the outcrossing ability. This study, therefore, aimed to dissect the genetic basis of various floral traits using genome-wide association study (GWAS) and to assess the potential of genome-wide prediction (GP) for anther extrusion (AE), visual anther extrusion (VAE), pollen mass (PM), pollen shedding (PSH), pollen viability (PV), anther length (AL), openness of the flower (OPF), duration of floret opening (DFO) and stigma length. To this end, we employed 196 ICARDA spring bread wheat lines evaluated for three years and genotyped with 10,477 polymorphic SNP. In total, 70 significant markers were identified associated to the various assessed traits at FDR ≤ 0.05 contributing a minor to large proportion of the phenotypic variance (8–26.9%), affecting the traits either positively or negatively. GWAS revealed multi-marker-based associations among AE, VAE, PM, OPF and DFO, most likely linked markers, suggesting a potential genomic region controlling the genetic association of these complex traits. Of these markers, Kukri_rep_c103359_233 and wsnp_Ex_rep_c107911_91350930 deserve particular attention. The consistently significant markers with large effect could be useful for marker-assisted selection. Genomic selection revealed medium to high prediction accuracy ranging between 52% and 92% for the assessed traits with the least and maximum value observed for stigma length and visual anther extrusion, respectively. This indicates the feasibility to implement genomic selection to predict the performance of hybrid floral traits with high reliability.

scholarly journals Population genetics of the coral Acropora millepora: Towards a genomic predictor of bleaching

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachary L. Fuller ◽  
Veronique J.L. Mocellin ◽  
Luke Morris ◽  
Neal Cantin ◽  
Jihanne Shepherd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Wide Association Study ◽  
Balancing Selection ◽  
Genome Wide Association ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Acropora Millepora ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
A Genome ◽  
In The Wild

AbstractAlthough reef-building corals are rapidly declining worldwide, responses to bleaching vary both within and among species. Because these inter-individual differences are partly heritable, they should in principle be predictable from genomic data. Towards that goal, we generated a chromosome-scale genome assembly for the coral Acropora millepora. We then obtained whole genome sequences for 237 phenotyped samples collected at 12 reefs distributed along the Great Barrier Reef, among which we inferred very little population structure. Scanning the genome for evidence of local adaptation, we detected signatures of long-term balancing selection in the heat-shock co-chaperone sacsin. We further used 213 of the samples to conduct a genome-wide association study of visual bleaching score, incorporating the polygenic score derived from it into a predictive model for bleaching in the wild. These results set the stage for the use of genomics-based approaches in conservation strategies.

Into the wild: developing field tests to examine the link between elasmobranch personality and laterality

Behaviour ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 153 (13-14) ◽  
pp. 1777-1793 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evan E. Byrnes ◽  
Catarina Vila Pouca ◽  
Sherrie L. Chambers ◽  
Culum Brown
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Animal Personality ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Port Jackson ◽  
The Relationship

The field of animal personality has received considerable attention in past decades, yet few studies have examined personality in the wild. This study investigated docility, a measure of boldness, in two Port Jackson shark (Heterodontus portusjacksoni) populations using field tests, and if laterality differences explained docility levels. We developed a struggle test as an assay for docility, which is particularly amenable to field studies. The struggle test was effective, and repeatable inter-individual docility differences were observed. Sex, but not population, influenced docility scores, with male sharks being less docile than females. This difference is likely due to the contrasting role each sex plays during mating. We also found individualized lateralization. However, no individual-level relationship between lateralization and docility was detected. Despite reported links between laterality and some personality traits, the relationship between laterality and boldness remains inconclusive in sharks. Further studies will prove essential to clarify the mechanisms behind personality traits in vertebrates.

scholarly journals Epigenetics of Animal Personality: DNA Methylation Cannot Explain the Heritability of Exploratory Behavior in a Songbird

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 1517-1530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kees van Oers ◽  
Bernice Sepers ◽  
William Sies ◽  
Fleur Gawehns ◽  
Koen J F Verhoeven ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Exploratory Behavior ◽  
Parus Major ◽  
Phenotypic Selection ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Behavioral Differences ◽  
Heritable Variation ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Methylation Patterns

Synopsis The search for the hereditary mechanisms underlying quantitative traits traditionally focused on the identification of underlying genomic polymorphisms such as single-nucleotide polymorphisms. It has now become clear that epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation, can consistently alter gene expression over multiple generations. It is unclear, however, if and how DNA methylation can stably be transferred from one generation to the next and can thereby be a component of the heritable variation of a trait. In this study, we explore whether DNA methylation responds to phenotypic selection using whole-genome and genome-wide bisulfite approaches. We assessed differential erythrocyte DNA methylation patterns between extreme personality types in the Great Tit (Parus major). For this, we used individuals from a four-generation artificial bi-directional selection experiment and siblings from eight F2 inter-cross families. We find no differentially methylated sites when comparing the selected personality lines, providing no evidence for the so-called epialleles associated with exploratory behavior. Using a pair-wise sibling design in the F2 intercrosses, we show that the genome-wide DNA methylation profiles of individuals are mainly explained by family structure, indicating that the majority of variation in DNA methylation in CpG sites between individuals can be explained by genetic differences. Although we found some candidates explaining behavioral differences between F2 siblings, we could not confirm this with a whole-genome approach, thereby confirming the absence of epialleles in these F2 intercrosses. We conclude that while epigenetic variation may underlie phenotypic variation in behavioral traits, we were not able to find evidence that DNA methylation can explain heritable variation in personality traits in Great Tits.

scholarly journals Genome-wide identification and characterization of mRNAs and lncRNAs involved in cold stress in the wild banana (Musa itinerans)

PLoS ONE ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. e0200002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weihua Liu ◽  
Chunzhen Cheng ◽  
Yuling Lin ◽  
Xu XuHan ◽  
Zhongxiong Lai
Keyword(s):  
Cold Stress ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Wild Banana ◽  
Musa Itinerans ◽  
Identification And Characterization

scholarly journals Using historical genome‐wide DNA to unravel the confused taxonomy in a songbird lineage that is extinct in the wild

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pratibha Baveja ◽  
Kritika M. Garg ◽  
Balaji Chattopadhyay ◽  
Keren R. Sadanandan ◽  
Dewi M. Prawiradilaga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Wide ◽  
In The Wild

scholarly journals Genetic variation drives seasonal onset of hibernation in the 13-lined ground squirrel

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharine R. Grabek ◽  
Thomas F. Cooke ◽  
L. Elaine Epperson ◽  
Kaitlyn K. Spees ◽  
Gleyce F. Cabral ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Causal Variant ◽  
Ground Squirrels ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Gene Associations ◽  
Significant Locus ◽  
High Heritability ◽  
Genotype By Sequencing ◽  
Whole Genome Resequencing

AbstractHibernation in sciurid rodents is a dynamic phenotype timed by a circannual clock. When housed in an animal facility, 13-lined ground squirrels exhibit variation in seasonal onset of hibernation, which is not explained by environmental or biological factors. We hypothesized that genetic factors instead drive variation in timing. After increasing genome contiguity, here, we employ a genotype-by-sequencing approach to characterize genetic variation in 153 ground squirrels. Combined with datalogger records (n = 72), we estimate high heritability (61–100%) for hibernation onset. Applying a genome-wide scan with 46,996 variants, we identify 2 loci significantly (p < 7.14 × 10−6), and 12 loci suggestively (p < 2.13 × 10−4), associated with onset. At the most significant locus, whole-genome resequencing reveals a putative causal variant in the promoter of FAM204A. Expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) analyses further reveal gene associations for 8/14 loci. Our results highlight the power of applying genetic mapping to hibernation and present new insight into genetics driving its onset.

A panel of elite accessions of durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) suitable for association mapping studies

2006 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Maccaferri ◽  
Maria Corinna Sanguineti ◽  
Vincenzo Natoli ◽  
José Luis Araus Ortega ◽  
Moncef Ben Salem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Association Mapping ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Gene Pools ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
A Genome ◽  
High Heritability ◽  
Diverse Origin ◽  
Triticum Durum Desf ◽  
High Level

The effectiveness of association mapping (AM) based on linkage disequilibrium (LD) is currently being tested in a number of crops. An important prerequisite for the application of AM is the availability of collections of accessions with a suitable level of genetic variation for target traits and with limited spurious LD due to the presence of population structure. Herein, the results of a genome-wide molecular characterization of a collection of elite durum wheat accessions well-adapted to Mediterranean environments are presented. Ninety-seven highly polymorphic simple sequence repeats and 166 amplified fragment length polymorphism markers were used to characterize 189 durum accessions, mainly cultivars and advanced breeding lines. Genome-wide significant and sizeable LD indices at a centimorgan scale were observed, while LD mainly decayed within 10 cM. On the other hand, effects due to spurious LD were notably lower than those previously observed in a durum wheat collection sampling durum gene pools of more diverse origin. These results, coupled with the high level of genetic variability detected for a number of important morpho-physiological traits and their high heritability, indicate the suitability of this collection for AM studies targeting agronomically important traits.

scholarly journals Vive la résistance: genome-wide selection against introduced alleles in invasive hybrid zones

2016 ◽  
Vol 283 (1843) ◽  
pp. 20161380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan P. Kovach ◽  
Brian K. Hand ◽  
Paul A. Hohenlohe ◽  
Ted F. Cosart ◽  
Matthew C. Boyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Cutthroat Trout ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Selective Advantage ◽  
Hybrid Zones ◽  
Introduced Fish ◽  
Westslope Cutthroat Trout ◽  
Genome Wide

Evolutionary and ecological consequences of hybridization between native and invasive species are notoriously complicated because patterns of selection acting on non-native alleles can vary throughout the genome and across environments. Rapid advances in genomics now make it feasible to assess locus-specific and genome-wide patterns of natural selection acting on invasive introgression within and among natural populations occupying diverse environments. We quantified genome-wide patterns of admixture across multiple independent hybrid zones of native westslope cutthroat trout and invasive rainbow trout, the world's most widely introduced fish, by genotyping 339 individuals from 21 populations using 9380 species-diagnostic loci. A significantly greater proportion of the genome appeared to be under selection favouring native cutthroat trout (rather than rainbow trout), and this pattern was pervasive across the genome (detected on most chromosomes). Furthermore, selection against invasive alleles was consistent across populations and environments, even in those where rainbow trout were predicted to have a selective advantage (warm environments). These data corroborate field studies showing that hybrids between these species have lower fitness than the native taxa, and show that these fitness differences are due to selection favouring many native genes distributed widely throughout the genome.

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