scholarly journals Beach environmental DNA fills gaps in photographic biomonitoring to track spatiotemporal community turnover across 82 phyla

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel S. Meyer ◽  
Teia M. Schweizer ◽  
Wai-Yin Kwan ◽  
Emily Curd ◽  
Adam Wall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beta Diversity ◽  
Environmental Dna ◽  
Marine Conservation ◽  
Biological Interactions ◽  
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
Community Turnover ◽  
Biomonitoring Tool ◽  
Science Community ◽  
Diverse Community

Abstract:Environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding is emerging as a biomonitoring tool available to the citizen science community that promises to augment or replace photographic observation. However, eDNA results and photographic observations have rarely been compared to document their individual or combined power. Here, we use eDNA multilocus metabarcoding, a method deployed by the CALeDNA Program, to inventory and evaluate biodiversity variation along the Pillar Point headland near Half Moon Bay, California. We describe variation in presence of 13,000 taxa spanning 82 phyla, analyze spatiotemporal patterns of beta diversity, and identify metacommunities. Inventory and measures of turnover across space and time from eDNA analysis are compared to the same measures from Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) data, which contain information largely contributed by iNaturalist photographic observations. We find eDNA depicts local signals with high seasonal turnover, especially in prokaryotes. We find a diverse community dense with pathogens and parasites in the embayment, and a State Marine Conservation Area (SMCA) with lower species richness than the rest of the beach peninsula, but with beta diversity signals showing resemblance to adjacent unprotected tidepools. The SMCA differs in observation density, with higher density of protozoans, and animals in Ascidiacea, Echinoidea, and Polycladida. Local contributions to beta diversity are elevated in a section of East-facing beach. GBIF observations are mostly from outside the SMCA, limiting some spatial comparisons. However, our findings suggest eDNA samples can link the SMCA sites to sites with better GBIF inventory, which may be useful for imputing species from one site given observations from another. Results additionally support >3800 largely novel biological interactions. This research, and accompanying interactive website support eDNA as a gap-filling tool to measure biodiversity that is available to community and citizen scientists.

Harmonisasi terhadap Peraturan Daerah No. 14 Tahun 2006 tentang Pengelolaan Pelestarian Kawasan Konservasi Laut Daerah dalam Perlindungan Pulau Pariwisata Kabupaten Indramayu

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 142
Author(s):  
Saiful Kholik ◽  
Imas Khaeriyah
Keyword(s):  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Environmental Law ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Marine Conservation ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Inconsistency Regional Regulation No.14 of 2006 about marine conservation area of the island of Biawak, Gososng, which Cendekian provides protection but in fact failed to provide protection as evidenced by dredging island sandbar and cendekian conducted PT.Pertamina UP VI Balongan INDRAMAYU. The problem in this research How Formulation Policy Act No. 10 Year 2009 on the Indonesian Tourism with the Indramayu Regional Regulation No. 14 of 2006 regarding marine conservation area of the island of Biawak, Gososng, Cendekian And How Harmonization Act No. 10 of 2009 with the Indramayu Regional Regulation No. 14 of 2006 regarding formulation Act No. 10 Year 2009 on the Indonesian Tourism with the Indramayu Regional Regulation No. 14 of 2006 about marine conservation area of the island of Biawak, Gososng, Cendekian, the purpose of this research to understand and analyze the extent to which policy The findings of the community or field of law local governments about the environmental damage done by companies or individuals are not equal accordance with regional regulations in force, nor the Law in force so that the function of law in society indramayu not fit the mandate to establish a change and justice based Formulation public corporate criminal liability.Inskonsitensi happens to local regulation No.14 of 2006 makes no harmonized with the regulations of each other so that the impact of this inskonsistensi makes the sector particularly environmental law enforcement get uncertainties that result in coastal communities Indramayau.Conclusion Harmonization of regulations of the center and regions delivering the policy formulation of the rule of law area to comply with the regulations above in order to avoid inconsistency, the occurrence of this inconsistency resulted in the rule of law and justice for the indramayu, suggestion that the government should was nearly revise regulations related area, especially the government must dare to take action to give effect to the perpetrator deterrent effect rule-based running as well as possible.

Voyages to Kitchi Gami: The Lake Superior National Marine Conservation Area and Regional Tourism Opportunities in Canada's First National Marine Conservation Area

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raynald (Harvey) Lemelin ◽  
Rhonda Koster ◽  
Izabella Woznicka ◽  
Kirstine Metansinine ◽  
Hoss Pelletier
Keyword(s):  
Lake Superior ◽  
Marine Conservation ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
Regional Tourism

Partitioning tree diversity patterns to prioritize conservation investments

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Patrick F McKenzie ◽  
Gwenllian D Iacona ◽  
Eric R Larson ◽  
Paul R Armsworth
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Predictive Models ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Beta Diversity ◽  
Distribution Data ◽  
Gamma Diversity ◽  
Conservation Practice ◽  
Alpha And Beta Diversity ◽  
Community Turnover ◽  
Data Limitations

Summary The available tools and approaches to inform conservation decisions commonly assume detailed distribution data. We examine how well-established ecological concepts about patterns in local richness and community turnover can help overcome data limitations when planning future protected areas. To inform our analyses, we surveyed tree species in protected areas in the southern Appalachian Mountains in the eastern USA. We used the survey data to construct predictive models for alpha and beta diversity based on readily observed biophysical variables and combined them to create a heuristic that could predict among-site richness in trees (gamma diversity). The predictive models suggest that site elevation and latitude in this montane system explain much of the variation in alpha and beta diversity in tree species. We tested how well resulting protected areas would represent species if a conservation planner lacking detailed species inventories for candidate sites were to rely only on our alpha, beta and gamma diversity predictions. Our approach selected sites that, when aggregated, covered a large proportion of the overall species pool. The combined gamma diversity models performed even better when we also accounted for the cost of protecting sites. Our results demonstrate that classic community biogeography concepts remain highly relevant to conservation practice today.

scholarly journals Ecological status and diversity indices of Panchaule (Dactylorhiza hatagirea) and its associates in Lete village of Mustang district, Nepal

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. B. Khadka ◽  
A. L. Hammet ◽  
A. Singh ◽  
M. K. Balla ◽  
Y. P. Timilsina
Keyword(s):  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Ecological Status ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Ecological Value ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
Illegal Harvesting ◽  
Diverse Community ◽  
June July ◽  
Important Value Index ◽  
Rheum Australe

This paper focuses on the ecological status and diversity indices: Simson’s Index (C), Simson’s Index of Dominance (D) and Shannon-Weaver Index (H) of Dactylorhiza hatagirea and its associates- Rheum australe and Rumex nepalensis in Lete village of Mustang District within the Annapurna Conservation Area. The study was conducted during the monsoon season (June/July) of 2013 in the Lete VDC of Mustang District. The study site possessed an area of 4.5 ha. Altogether, 100 circular plots, each with 25 m2 area, were laid out purposively within the study area; the sampling intensity being 5.55%. The relative frequency, the relative density, the abundance, the relative coverage and the Important Value Index of the species were found to be 61.11, 53.91, 1,061.54, 72.2 and 187.24 respectively. Similarly, the Simson’s Index (C), the Simson’s Index of Dominance (D) and the Shannon-Weaver Index of the species were found to be 0.41, 0.59 and 3.27 respectively, indicating relatively even and relatively diverse community. The study showed relatively higher values of all the parameters of D. hatagirea as compared to its associates indicating good ecological value. However, threats remain due to the illegal harvesting of this valuable orchid and overgrazing in the study site.Banko JanakariA Journal of Forestry Information for NepalVol. 26, No. 1, Page: 45-52, 2016

Oceanographic connectivity among marine protected areas on the north coast of British Columbia, Canada

2005 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 1350-1362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clifford LK Robinson ◽  
John Morrison ◽  
Michael GG Foreman
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Marine Protected Areas ◽  
Particle Dispersion ◽  
Marine Conservation ◽  
Ocean Current ◽  
North Coast ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
The North

The main objective of our study was to use a three-dimensional oceanographic simulation model to understand connectivity among the proposed Gwaii Haanas National Marine Conservation Area (GHNMCA) and 10 other proposed or existing marine protected areas (MPAs) on the north Pacific coast of Canada. The simulations were conducted using passive particles placed at three depths and vertically migrating particles for 30 or 90 days in late winter. Simulated surface particle dispersion was found to be consistent with winter ocean current observations made from analysis of satellite imagery, current mooring, and drifter data. The GHNMCA would contribute to a network of MPAs because it supplies and receives particles from other MPAs in northern British Columbia. Model simulations also indicate that the greatest source of particles to GHNMCA originate from 30-m and not 2-m flows. Finally, the simulated mean daily dispersal rate of 2.0 km·day–1 would allow fish and invertebrates to self-seed northern portions of the GHNMCA in winter. Together, the GHNMCA and other MPAs appear to contribute a large percentage of particles to non-MPA regions in northern Hecate Strait, which may be considered a particle sink in winter.

scholarly journals Deepwater fish assemblages at Isla del Coco National Park and Las Gemelas Seamount, Costa Rica

2017 ◽  
pp. 347-362
Author(s):  
Richard M. Starr ◽  
Kristen Green ◽  
Enric Sala
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
National Park ◽  
Fish Assemblages ◽  
Oceanic Islands ◽  
Marine Conservation ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Tropical Eastern Pacific ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
Rocky Habitats

The deepwater faunas of oceanic islands and seamounts of the Eastern Tropical Pacific are poorly known. From 11-22 September 2009 we conducted an exploration of the deepwater areas of the Isla del Coco Marine Conservation Area, Costa Rica and a nearby seamount using a manned submersible. The goal of the exploration was to characterize the habitats and biota, and conduct quantitative surveys of the deepwater portions of Isla del Coco National Park and Las Gemelas Seamount, located about 50km southwest of Isla del Coco. We completed a total of 22 submersible dives, spanning more than 80hr underwater, and collected a total of 36hr of video. We surveyed habitats from 50-402m and observed more than 45 species of fishes, some of which have not yet been described and are likely new to science. The diversity of fish species in deep water at Isla del Coco National Park was lower than the diversity of fishes in shallow water, and eight species groups accounted for more than 95% of the total fish biomass. The combined density of all fish species was higher at Las Gemelas Seamount (253 fishes/100m2) than at Isla del Coco National Park (138 fishes/100m2). The combined density of fishes in habitats comprised primarily of bedrock or large boulders outcrops was more than three times as high at Las Gemelas Seamount as it was at Isla del Coco National Park. This discrepancy was caused by the extremely high concentration of Anthiinae fishes in rocky habitats at Las Gemelas Seamount. Densities of fishes in the other habitats were similar between the two sites. Similarly, when estimates of fish density were plotted by slope categories the density was much greater on steep slopes, which were usually comprised of rock habitats. Also, the density of fishes was greatest on high rugosity habitats. Results of these submersible surveys indicate that seamounts in the tropical eastern Pacific Ocean may be an important source of biodiversity and that more quantitative surveys are needed to characterize the fauna of the region. Citation: Starr, R.M., K. Green & E. Sala. 2012. Deepwater fish assemblages at Coco Island National Park and Las Gemelas Seamounts, Costa Rica. Rev. Biol. Trop. 60 (Suppl. 3): 347-362. Epub 2012 Dec 01.

scholarly journals MiSebastes: An eDNA metabarcoding primer set for rockfishes (genus Sebastes)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus A. Min ◽  
Paul H. Barber ◽  
Zachary Gold
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Environmental Dna ◽  
Marine Fishes ◽  
Dramatic Improvement ◽  
High Sequence Similarity ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Coastal Marine ◽  
Biomonitoring Tool ◽  
Reference Sequences ◽  
Species Specific

AbstractEnvironmental DNA (eDNA) is a promising biomonitoring tool for marine ecosystems, but its effectiveness for North Pacific coastal fishes is limited by the inability of existing barcoding primers to differentiate among rockfishes in the genus Sebastes. Comprised of 110 commercially and ecologically important species, this recent radiation is exceptionally speciose, and exhibits high sequence similarity among species at standard barcoding loci. Here, we report new Sebastes-specific metabarcoding primers that target mitochondrial cytochrome B. Amongst the 110 Sebastes species, 85 unique barcodes (of which 62 are species-specific) were identified in our amplicon region based on available reference sequences. The majority of the remaining barcodes are shared by only two species. Importantly, MiSebastes yield unique barcodes for 28 of 44 commercially harvested species in California, a dramatic improvement compared to the widely employed MiFish 12S primers which only recover one of 44. Tests of these primers in an aquarium mesocosm containing 16 rockfish species confirms the utility of these new primers for eDNA metabarcoding, providing an important biomonitoring tool for these key coastal marine fishes.

scholarly journals The Effectiveness of Awig-Awig as A Strategy to Protect DMCA Gili Sulat and Gili Lawang

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Fitriah Kartini
Keyword(s):  
Fisheries Management ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Marine Conservation ◽  
Coastal Resources ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
Management Committee ◽  
State Laws ◽  
Customary Laws

This study was carried out in the District Marine Conservation Area (DMCA) of Gili Sulat and Gili Lawang, East Lombok. DMCA of Gili Sulat and Gili Lawang have established by Co-Fish Project of Marine Affairs and Fisheries Ministry of Indonesia in 2004 as part of participative management sustainability to coastal resources. The aim of establishing DMCA is to decrease destructive fishing activities such as bombing and poisoning that has been practices for long time. In this study, data were collected through semi structure questionnaires, personal interview, participant observation, document reviews, and life history. Discussions were held with the fishermen in Sugian Village, fisheries management committee of DMCA, local communities who living in Sugian Village and government in village, local and regional level. In order to analyze the findings, an analyzing of legal and institutional arrangements is used combining with the theories of legal pluralism and property rights. The study revealed that there are two laws coexist in DMCA as state laws and customary laws called awig-awig. State laws are covered legal status of DMCA as property of state where local government has authority to manage it. Meanwhile, customary laws are more to control people behaviors towards DMCA. Moreover, a fisheries management committee (KPPL) has formed by government to enforce day-to-day awig-awig practices towards DMCA and has its authority to invoke sanctions for rule breaking. Because of this, several problems arose in Sugian Village concerning to DMCA. This required better management of coastal resources where planning should be come from and involve grass root level. Finally, the study revealed that management of DMCA should be reinforced to all parties particularly on communities’ level, so that the problem foci can be clear for all.

scholarly journals The Strategy of Sindangkerta Marine Tourism Objects Development, in Tasikmalaya, West Java

2020 ◽  
pp. 16-33
Author(s):  
Atikah Nurhayati ◽  
Fitri Nuraini ◽  
Asep Agus Handaka ◽  
Iwang Gumilar
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Current System ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Marine Conservation ◽  
Growth Strategy ◽  
West Java ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
Marine Tourism ◽  
Wildlife Reserve ◽  
Marine Wildlife

This research was held in Sindangkerta Village and Sindangkerta Marine Wildlife Reserve, Sindangkerta Village, Cipatujah District, Tasikmalaya Regency, West Java Province. The implementation started in October 2019 until June 2020. The research aims to analyze the  social and economic aspects of Sindangkerta Marine Tourism Object for the local neighborhood and to analyze the development strategy of the Sindangkerta marine conservation area. The research employed case study method in  Sindangkerta Marine Wildlife Reserve by collecting primary and secondary data. Furthermore, the collected data processed with puposive sampling method via Microsoft Office Excel with SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) analysis. The research resulted the villagers hasn’t been implemented the current system, according to the entire villagers they hope that the Sindangkerta Marine Wildlife Reserve Area potential can be further developed in order to provide more benefits for them. The best strategy for Sindangkerta Marine Wildlife Reserve development using SWOT Analysis in Quadrant I, by applying SO or an aggressive growth strategy with a coordinate point of 0.02; 1.10 means utilizing the strength to exploit the existed opportunities.

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