scholarly journals Dietary vs non-dietary fatty acid profiles of lake trout ecotypes from Lake Superior and Great Bear Lake: Are fish really what they eat?

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Chavarie ◽  
J. Hoffmann ◽  
A.M. Muir ◽  
C.C. Krueger ◽  
C.R. Bronte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Trophic Ecology ◽  
Lake Trout ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Intraspecific Diversity ◽  
Fatty Acid Profiles ◽  
Dietary Biomarkers ◽  
Bear Lake ◽  
Energy Processing

AbstractFatty acids are well-established biomarkers used to characterize trophic ecology, food-web linkages, and the ecological niche of many different taxa. Most often, fatty acids that are examined include only those previously identified as “dietary” or “extended dietary” biomarkers. Fatty acids considered as non-dietary biomarkers, however, represent numerous fatty acids that can be extracted. Some studies may include non-dietary fatty acids (i.e., combined with dietary fatty acids), but do not specifically assess them, whereas in other studies, these data are discarded. In this study, we explored whether non-dietary biomarkers fatty acids can provide worthwhile information by assessing their ability to discriminate intraspecific diversity within and between lakes. Non-dietary fatty acids used as biomarkers delineated variation among regions, among locations within a lake, and among ecotypes within a species. Physiological differences that arise from differences in energy processing can be adaptive and linked to habitat use by a species’ ecotypes, and likely explains why non-dietary fatty acids biomarkers can be a relevant tool to delineate intraspecific diversity. Little is known about the non-dietary-mediated differences in fatty acid composition, but our results showed that non-dietary fatty acids biomarkers can be useful tool in identifying variation.

scholarly journals Dietary versus nondietary fatty acid profiles of lake trout ecotypes from Lake Superior and Great Bear Lake: Are fish really what they eat?

2020 ◽  
Vol 77 (7) ◽  
pp. 1209-1220
Author(s):  
L. Chavarie ◽  
J. Hoffmann ◽  
A.M. Muir ◽  
C.C. Krueger ◽  
C.R. Bronte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Trophic Ecology ◽  
Lake Trout ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Intraspecific Diversity ◽  
Dietary Biomarkers ◽  
Bear Lake ◽  
Energy Processing ◽  
Fatty Acid Biomarkers

Fatty acids are well-established biomarkers used to characterize trophic ecology, food-web linkages, and the ecological niche of many different taxa. Most often, fatty acids that are examined include only those previously identified as “dietary” or “extended dietary” biomarkers. Fatty acids considered as nondietary biomarkers, however, represent numerous fatty acids that can be extracted. Some studies may include nondietary fatty acids (i.e., combined with dietary fatty acids), but do not specifically assess them, whereas in other studies, these data are discarded. In this study, we explored whether nondietary biomarker fatty acids can provide worthwhile information by assessing their ability to discriminate intraspecific diversity within and between lakes. Nondietary fatty acids used as biomarkers delineated variation among regions, among locations within a lake, and among ecotypes within a species. Physiological differences that arise from differences in energy processing can be adaptive and linked to habitat use by a species’ ecotype and likely explains why nondietary fatty acid biomarkers can be a relevant tool to delineate intraspecific diversity. Little is known about the nondietary-mediated differences in fatty acid composition, but our results showed that nondietary fatty acid biomarkers can be useful tool in identifying variation.

scholarly journals Stable isotopes of fatty acids: current and future perspectives for advancing trophic ecology

2020 ◽  
Vol 375 (1804) ◽  
pp. 20190641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cornelia W. Twining ◽  
Sami J. Taipale ◽  
Liliane Ruess ◽  
Alexandre Bec ◽  
Dominik Martin-Creuzburg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
Resource Use ◽  
Trophic Ecology ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Food Web Ecology ◽  
Dietary Requirements

To understand consumer dietary requirements and resource use across ecosystems, researchers have employed a variety of methods, including bulk stable isotope and fatty acid composition analyses. Compound-specific stable isotope analysis (CSIA) of fatty acids combines both of these tools into an even more powerful method with the capacity to broaden our understanding of food web ecology and nutritional dynamics. Here, we provide an overview of the potential that CSIA studies hold and their constraints. We first review the use of fatty acid CSIA in ecology at the natural abundance level as well as enriched physiological tracers, and highlight the unique insights that CSIA of fatty acids can provide. Next, we evaluate methodological best practices when generating and interpreting CSIA data. We then introduce three cutting-edge methods: hydrogen CSIA of fatty acids, and fatty acid isotopomer and isotopologue analyses, which are not yet widely used in ecological studies, but hold the potential to address some of the limitations of current techniques. Finally, we address future priorities in the field of CSIA including: generating more data across a wider range of taxa; lowering costs and increasing laboratory availability; working across disciplinary and methodological boundaries; and combining approaches to answer macroevolutionary questions. This article is part of the theme issue ‘The next horizons for lipids as ‘trophic biomarkers’: evidence and significance of consumer modification of dietary fatty acids’.

scholarly journals Dynamics of diet-egg transfer of fatty acids in the teleost fish, red drum ( Sciaenops ocellatus )

2020 ◽  
Vol 375 (1804) ◽  
pp. 20190646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenxin Hou ◽  
Cynthia K. Faulk ◽  
Lee A. Fuiman
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Maternal Diet ◽  
Red Drum ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Sciaenops Ocellatus ◽  
Diet Shift ◽  
Fatty Acid Profiles ◽  
Marine Food Webs ◽  
Batch Spawning

Eggs of marine organisms are increasingly being recognized as important components of marine food webs. The degree to which egg fatty acid profiles reflect maternal diet fatty acid profiles, and therefore the value of fatty acids in eggs as trophic biomarkers, depends on the species' reproductive strategy and the extent of modification of ingested fatty acids. We measured the dynamics of transfer of recently ingested fatty acids to spawned eggs in a batch-spawning teleost, red drum ( Sciaenops ocellatus ). Results of 21 diet-shift experiments, from which the fatty acid profiles of the diets and eggs were compared, showed that 15 of 27 fatty acids measured (one saturated, two monounsaturated and 12 polyunsaturated fatty acids) in eggs were correlated with their levels in the recent diet, and the rate of incorporation into eggs was proportional to the magnitude of the diet shift. Large shifts in diet might occur naturally during spawning migrations or when prey communities vary over time. Results of this study indicate that fatty acids in red drum eggs can be useful for studying adult diet and exploring trophic linkages in marine systems. This article is part of the theme issue ‘The next horizons for lipids as ‘trophic biomarkers': evidence and significance of consumer modification of dietary fatty acids'.

scholarly journals The critical importance of experimentation in biomarker-based trophic ecology

2020 ◽  
Vol 375 (1804) ◽  
pp. 20190638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron W. E. Galloway ◽  
Suzanne M. Budge
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Trophic Ecology ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Trophic Relationships ◽  
Dietary Biomarkers ◽  
Soil Food Webs ◽  
Physiological Constraints ◽  
Feeding Experiments ◽  
Soil Ecosystems

Fatty acids are commonly used as biomarkers for making inferences about trophic relationships in aquatic and soil food webs. However, researchers are often unaware of the physiological constraints within organisms on the trophic transfer and modification of dietary biomarkers in consumers. Fatty acids are bioactive molecules, which have diverse structures and functions that both complicate and enhance their value as trophic tracers. For instance, consumers may synthesize confounding non-dietary sourced markers from precursor molecules, and environmental conditions also affect fatty acid composition. There is a vital need for more research on the uptake and transfer of trophic biomarkers in individual organisms in order to advance the field and make meaningful use of these tools at the scale of populations or ecosystems. This special issue is focused on controlled feeding experiments on a diverse taxonomic breadth of model consumers from freshwater, marine and soil ecosystems with a goal of creating a more integrated understanding of the connection between consumer physiology and trophic ecology. This article is part of the theme issue ‘The next horizons for lipids as ‘trophic biomarkers’: evidence and significance of consumer modification of dietary fatty acids'.

scholarly journals Evaluating quantitative fatty acid signature analysis (QFASA) in fish using controlled feeding experiments

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (8) ◽  
pp. 1222-1229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Austin Happel ◽  
Logan Stratton ◽  
Colleen Kolb ◽  
Chris Hays ◽  
Jacques Rinchard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Stomach Content ◽  
Yellow Perch ◽  
Lake Trout ◽  
Neogobius Melanostomus ◽  
Signature Analysis ◽  
Fatty Acid Profiles ◽  
Fatty Acid Signature ◽  
Predator Prey

Accurate diet estimation has long been a challenging issue for researchers investigating predators because of constraints associated with stomach content analyses. Fatty acid signature analysis offers an alternative avenue to study long-term diet trends in consumers. Despite the wealth of experiments involving fatty acids of fish and their diets, few have evaluated quantitative fatty acid signature analysis (QFASA) with fish consumers. To this end, we fed juvenile lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush), round goby (Neogobius melanostomus), and yellow perch (Perca flavescens) various invertebrate species and back-classified each predator to its respective prey using only fatty acids. Estimates were highly accurate when metabolism of diets was natively accounted for by using fatty acid profiles of predators fed known diets as the “prey library”. While highly accurate results were obtained, accounting for each predator–prey relationship limits the use of QFASA to predators that consume a limited number of species. We call for specific knowledge as to how fatty acid profiles reflect each predator–prey interaction before attempting to use fatty acids to quantify a consumer’s diet. Only after incorporating such data will QFASA provide an accurate view of individual’s diets when stomach content data are not available or are invalid.

scholarly journals Changes in plasma phospholipid fatty acids and their relationship to disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with a vegetarian diet

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 555-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaretha A. Haugen ◽  
Jens Kjeldsen-Kragh ◽  
Kristian S. Bjervea ◽  
Arne T. Høstmark ◽  
Øystein Førre
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Plasma Phospholipid ◽  
Vegetarian Diet ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Vegan Diet ◽  
Fatty Acid Profiles ◽  
Significant Difference

In a controlled clinical trial we have recently shown that patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) improved after fasting for 7–10 d and that the improvement could be sustained through 3.5 months with a vegan, diet and 9 months with a lactovegetarian diet. Other studies have indicated that the inflammatory process in R A can be reduced through manipulation of dietary fatty acids. A switch to a vegetarian diet significantly alters the intake of fatty acids. Therefore, we have analysed the changes in fatty acid profiles of the plasma phospholipid fraction and related these changes to disease activity. The concentrations of the fatty acids 20: 3n-6 and 20: 4n-6 were significantly reduced after 3.5 months with a vegan diet (P < 0.0001 and P < 0.01 respectively), but the concentration increased to baseline values with a lactovegetarian diet. The concentration of 20: 5n-3 was significantly reduced after the vegan diet (P < 0.0001) and the lactovegetarian diet periods (P < 0.01). There was no significant difference in fatty acid concentrations between diet responders and diet non-responders after the vegan or lactovegetarian diet periods. Our results indicate that the changes in the fatty acid profiles cannot explain the clinical improvement.

Influence of Dietary Fatty Acids and α-Tocopherol on Lipid Peroxidation in Subcellular Fractions of Muscle from Pigs fed Full-Fat Rapeseed

1997 ◽  
Vol 1997 ◽  
pp. 65-65
Author(s):  
G.E. Onibi ◽  
J.R. Scaife ◽  
I. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Subcellular Fractions ◽  
Tocopheryl Acetate ◽  
Fatty Acid Profiles ◽  
Membrane Level

Biological subcellular membranes (mitochondria and microsome) contain relatively large amounts of phospholipids which are rich in unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) and are readily susceptible to lipid peroxidation. Thus, it is believed that peroxidative changes in meat is initiated at the membrane level. Monahan et al. (1990) have shown that these membranes are particularly rich in α-tocopherol (AT), hence, the effects of increased dietary supply of α-tocopheryl acetate (ATA) and UFA (from full-fat rapeseed; FFR) on AT content, fatty acid profiles and peroxidative changes in porcine mitochondrial and microsomal fractions were studied.

scholarly journals Fatty acid profiles of muscle, liver, heart and kidney of Australian prime lambs fed different polyunsaturated fatty acids enriched pellets in a feedlot system

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hung Van Le ◽  
Don Viet Nguyen ◽  
Quang Vu Nguyen ◽  
Bunmi Sherifat Malau-Aduli ◽  
Peter David Nichols ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Profiles

scholarly journals PSXI-32 Effects of algae DHA on fatty acid profile of plasma red blood cell membrane and fecal microbiota of adult cats

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 319-319
Author(s):  
Carrie James ◽  
Sandra L Rodriguez-Zas ◽  
Maria R C de Godoy
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Fatty Acid Profiles ◽  
Male Adult ◽  
Poultry Fat ◽  
Adult Cats

Abstract There is evidence that algae can be a sustainable alternative of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (w-3 PUFA; DHA and EPA) in the diets of felines, but more information is needed to determine bioavailability of algal w-3 PUFAs in felines. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the effects of dietary supplementation of algae DHA on plasma and red blood cell (RBC) membrane fatty acid profiles and fecal microbiota of adult cats. A complete randomized design was utilized with thirty female and male adult cats (mean age: 1.8 ± 0.03 yr, mean BW: 4.5 ± 0.8 kg) which were fed an assigned diet for 90 d. Three diets were formulated with poultry fat alone or inclusion of 2% fish oil or 2% algae DHA meal. Blood samples were collected after fasting on 0, 30, 60 and 90 d to be analyzed for plasma and red blood cell fatty acid profiles. A fresh fecal sample was collected within 15 min of defecation from each cat to be analyzed for fecal microbiota. Illumina 16S rRNA sequencing from V4 region was completed using MiSeq and analyzed using QIIME 2. Plasma and RBC fatty acid concentrations at baseline were similar among all cats and treatment groups. However, dietary treatment had a significant effect on the concentrations of several fatty acids in plasma and RBC over time. Plasma and RBC concentrations of DHA were greater (P &lt; 0.05) for cats fed the algal DHA diet compared to the control and fish oil diets. Conversely, plasma and RBC concentrations of EPA did not differ among treatments when analyzed as a change from baseline. Beta- and alpha-diversity did not differ among treatments, indicating that 2% fish oil or algal-DHA meal does alter fecal microbiota of cats in contrast with cats fed a poultry fat-based diet.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document