scholarly journals Effects of cLFchimera, a recombinant antimicrobial peptide, on intestinal morphology, microbiota, and gene expression of immune cells and tight junctions in broiler chickens challenged with C. perfringens

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Daneshmand ◽  
Hassan Kermanshahi ◽  
Mohammad Hadi Sekhavati ◽  
Ali Javadmanesh ◽  
Monireh Ahmadian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Antimicrobial Peptide ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Tight Junctions ◽  
Clostridium Perfringens ◽  
Productive Performance ◽  
Poultry Industry ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Junctional Proteins ◽  
Challenge Group

AbstractThe current study was conducted to investigate the effects of cLFchimera, a recombinant antimicrobial peptide (AMP), on various productive performance and gut health attributes of broilers experimentally challenged with Clostridium perfringens (Cp). Three hundred and sixty 1-day-old chickens were randomly allocated to 4 treatments of 6 replicates as follows: T1) unchallenged group fed with corn-soybean meal (CSM) without Cp challenge and additives; T2) challenge group fed with CSM and challenged with Cp without any additives; T3) peptide group challenged with NE supplemented with 20 mg cLF36/kg diet (AMP); T4) antibiotic group challenged with NE and supplemented with 45 mg antibiotic (bacitracin methylene disalicylate)/kg diet (antibiotic). Birds had free access to feed and water, sampling for villi morphology and ileal microbiota were performed on days 10 and 22, while jejunal section was sampled for gene expression of cytokines, tight junctions proteins, and mucin only on day 22. Results showed that AMP ameliorated NE-related lesion in the jejunum and ileum and reduced mortality in challenged birds compared to challenge group with Cp without any additives. Also, supplementing challenged birds with AMP improved growth performance and reconstructed villi morphology. While antibiotic non-selectively reduced the count of bacteria, AMP positively restored ileal microflora in favor of good bacteria (i.e. Bifidobacteria spp. and Lactobacillus spp.). AMP beneficially regulated the expression of cytokines, junctional proteins, and mucin in the jejunum of challenged birds with Cp. Since cLFchimera ameliorated NE lesion score, reduced mortality, improved productive performance and gut health attributes in chickens compared to challenged group and also were mostly similar with those of antibiotics and therefore, it could be concluded that this chimeric peptide can be a worthy candidate to substitute growth promoter antibiotics, while more research is required to unveil the exact mode of action of this synthetic peptide.Author summaryNecrotic enteritis (NE) is a detrimental enteric disease in the poultry industry worldwide. The etiological factor of this disease is Clostridium perfringens, which is gram-positive anaerobic bacterium. This bacterium is common inhabitant of the intestine in lower counts (105), but it becomes pathogenic in higher counts and can secrete NetB toxin, which is the main cause of inducing NE in broilers. Due to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, new generation of antimicrobial additives such as antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) has been introduced to the poultry industry. AMPs are small molecules with 12-50 amino acids having antibacterial activity. Recently, we extracted new AMP from camel milk, expressed in E. coli, refined and lyophilized to produce purified peptides. The current study investigated the effects of this peptide on prevention of NE in broilers. Results showed that AMP ameliorated lesion scores in the intestine and reduced mortality in challenged birds. AMP improved growth performance and reconstructed villi morphology in NE-challenged broilers. While antibiotic non-selectively reduced the count of bacteria, AMP positively restored ileal microflora. AMP beneficially regulated the expression of cytokines, junctional proteins, and mucin in the jejunum of NE-challenged birds.

scholarly journals Effect of Antimicrobial Peptide Microcin J25 on Growth Performance, Immune Regulation, and Intestinal Microbiota in Broiler Chickens Challenged with Escherichia coli and Salmonella

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gang Wang ◽  
Qinglong Song ◽  
Shuo Huang ◽  
Yuming Wang ◽  
Shuang Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Peptide ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Immune Regulation ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
The Body ◽  
Villus Height ◽  
Microcin J25 ◽  
Challenge Group

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of antimicrobial peptide microcin J25 (MccJ25) on growth performance, immune regulation, and intestinal microbiota in broilers. A total of 3120 one-day-old male Arbor Acres (AA) broilers were randomly allocated to five groups (12 replicates, 52 chickens per replicate). The treatments were control, challenge (0 mg/kg MccJ25), different dosages of antimicrobial peptide (AMP) (0.5 and 1mg/kg MccJ25), and antibiotic groups (20 mg/kg colistin sulfate). The MccJ25 groups increased the body weight gain (starter and overall) that was reduced in the challenge group. The overall (day 1 to day 42) feed-to-gain ratio (G:F) was significantly decreased in AMP groups compared with the challenge group. Birds fed AMP had a decreased population of total anaerobic bacteria (day 21 and day 42) and E. coli (day 21 and day 42) in feces, as well as a lower Salmonella infection rate (day 21 and day 42) compared with birds in the challenge group. The villus height of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum, as well as the villus height/crypt depth of the duodenum and jejunum were greater in AMP groups than birds in the challenge group. Moreover, MccJ25 linearly improved the villus height of the duodenum and jejunum. The addition of MccJ25 decreased the concentration of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 compared with challenge group. At d 21, MccJ25 linearly reduced the level of IL-6. In conclusion, dietary supplemented MccJ25 effectively improved performance, systematic inflammation, and improved fecal microbiota composition of the broilers.

scholarly journals Effects of Antimicrobial Peptide Microcin C7 on Growth Performance, Immune and Intestinal Barrier Functions, and Cecal Microbiota of Broilers

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziqi Dai ◽  
Lijun Shang ◽  
Fengming Wang ◽  
Xiangfang Zeng ◽  
Haitao Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Peptide ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Immune Functions ◽  
Serum Cytokine ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Cecal Microbiota

Microcin C7 is an antimicrobial peptide produced by Escherichia coli, composed of a heptapeptide with a modified adenosine monophosphate. This study was performed to evaluate the effects of Microcin C7 as a potential substrate to traditional antibiotics on growth performance, immune functions, intestinal barrier, and cecal microbiota of broilers. In the current study, 300 healthy Arbor Acres broiler chicks were randomly assigned to one of five treatments including a corn–soybean basal diet and basal diet supplemented with antibiotic or 2, 4, and 6 mg/kg Microcin C7. Results showed that Microcin C7 significantly decreased the F/G ratio of broilers; significantly increased the levels of serum cytokine IL-10, immunoglobulins IgG and IgM, and ileal sIgA secretion; significantly decreased the level of serum cytokine TNF-α. Microcin C7 significantly increased villus height and V/C ratio and significantly decreased crypt depth in small intestine of broilers. Microcin C7 significantly increased gene expression of tight junction protein Occludin and ZO-1 and significantly decreased gene expression of pro-inflammatory and chemokine TNF-α, IL-8, IFN-γ, Toll-like receptors TLR2 and TLR4, and downstream molecular MyD88 in the jejunum of broilers. Microcin C7 significantly increased the number of Lactobacillus and decreased the number of total bacteria and Escherichia coli in the cecum of broilers. Microcin C7 also significantly increased short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) and lactic acid levels in the ileum and cecum of broilers. In conclusion, diet supplemented with Microcin C7 significantly improved growth performance, strengthened immune functions, enhanced intestinal barrier, and regulated cecal microbiota of broilers. Therefore, the antimicrobial peptide Microcin C7 may have the potential to be an ideal alternative to antibiotic.

scholarly journals Dietary Bacillus spp. enhanced growth and disease resistance of weaned pigs by modulating intestinal microbiota and systemic immunity

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yijie He ◽  
Cynthia Jinno ◽  
Kwangwook Kim ◽  
Zhaohai Wu ◽  
Bie Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Systemic Inflammation ◽  
Bacillus Pumilus ◽  
Jejunal Mucosa ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Weaned Pigs ◽  
Ileal Mucosa ◽  
Systemic Immunity

Abstract Background Previous research has shown that dietary supplementation of Bacillus spp. probiotics exerts beneficial effects on animals’ growth. However, limited studies have evaluated the efficacy of Bacillus spp. on weaned pigs and their effects on host gut health and microbiome, and systemic immunity using a disease challenge model. The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effects of two Bacillus spp. strains (Bacillus subtilis DSM 32540 and Bacillus pumilus DSM 32539) on growth performance, diarrhea, intestinal health, microbiome, and systemic immunity of weaned pigs experimentally infected with an enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC). Results Pigs in PRO1 (Bacillus subtilis DSM 32540) had greater (P < 0.05) body weight on d 7 and 14 PI, greater (P < 0.05) ADG from d 0 to 7 and d 7 to 14 PI, compared with pigs in CON (Control). Pigs in PRO1 had milder (P < 0.05) diarrhea on d 2 and 3 PI compared with pigs in CON. However, no differences were observed in growth performance and diarrhea score between PRO2 (Bacillus pumilus DSM 32539) and CON groups. Supplementation of PRO1 decreased (P < 0.05) lymphocyte counts on d 7 and 14 PI, compared with CON. Supplementation of PRO1 and PRO2 both reduced (P < 0.05) total coliforms in mesenteric lymph nodes on d 21 PI. Pigs in PRO2 had greater (P < 0.05) goblet cell number and sulfomucin percentage in duodenal villi and greater (P < 0.05) sialomucin percentage in jejunal villi than pigs in CON. Supplementation of PRO1 up-regulated (P < 0.05) MUC2 gene expression in jejunal mucosa and reduced (P < 0.05) PTGS-2 and IL1B gene expression in ileal mucosa on d 21 PI, compared with CON. Pigs in PRO1 had reduced (P < 0.05) relative abundance of families Lachnospiraceae, Peptostreptococcaceae and Pasteurellaceae in the ileum. Conclusions Supplementation of Bacillus subtilis DSM 32540 improved growth performance, alleviated diarrhea severity, enhanced gut health, and reduced systemic inflammation of weaned pigs infected with ETEC F18. Although Bacillus pumilus DSM 32539 was able to alleviate systemic inflammation, it had limited impacts on growth performance and severity of diarrhea of ETEC F18 challenged weaned pigs.

scholarly journals Effects of diet type and enzyme addition on growth performance and gut health of broiler chickens during subclinical Clostridium perfringens challenge

2009 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 132-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Jia ◽  
B.A. Slominski ◽  
H.L. Bruce ◽  
G. Blank ◽  
G. Crow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Clostridium Perfringens ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Diet Type

scholarly journals Scale-up production of and dietary supplementation with the recombinant antimicrobial peptide tilapia piscidin 4 to improve growth performance in Gallus gallus domesticus

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. e0253661
Author(s):  
Hsueh-Ming Tai ◽  
Ming-Feng You ◽  
Chia-Hua Lin ◽  
Tsung-Yu Tsai ◽  
Chieh-Yu Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antimicrobial Peptide ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Gallus Gallus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Gallus Domesticus ◽  
Gallus Gallus Domesticus ◽  
Poultry Industry ◽  
Pathogen Infection

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are short and positively charged peptides with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activities. AMPs have been investigated as potential antibiotic alternatives to improve growth performance and prevent pathogen infection in the poultry industry. The antimicrobial peptide tilapia piscidin 4 (TP4) was derived from Oreochromis niloticus, possesses antimicrobial activities and immunomodulatory properties, promotes intestinal health, and protects against pathogen infection. The codon-optimized sequence of TP4 was introduced into the pPICZαA vector and transformed into Pichia pastoris. Large-scale expression was induced following culture with methanol in a 500-liter fermenter. Freeze drying of fermented rTP4 broth and then rTP4 evaluation as a feed additive for Gallus gallus domesticus were performed. The in vitro antimicrobial activity of recombinant TP4 (rTP4) against gram-positive and gram-negative pathogens was evaluated. Evaluation of the effect of temperature on the antimicrobial activity of rTP4 showed its high stability at high temperatures. rTP4 significantly enhanced the phagocytic activity of macrophage cells, indicating that rTP4 has a remarkable ability to stimulate macrophages. rTP4 was used as a dietary supplement at 0.75, 1.5, 3.0, 6.0 and 12% in G. g. domesticus for five weeks, and growth performance, gut microbiota composition, and histology were assessed. The 3.0% rTP4 supplement group showed a significant increase in weight gain ratio and feed efficiency compared to those of the basal broiler diet group. Crude rTP4 was expressed by yeast to significantly promote growth efficiency and resistance against pathogens in G. g. domesticus, which could indicate its use as a suitable alternative to antibiotics as feed additives in the poultry industry.

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