Slotting allowances: short‐term gains and long‐term negative effects on retailers and consumers

Long term population monitoring is essential to ecological studies; however, field procedures may disturb individuals. Assessing this topic is important in worldwide declining taxa such as reptiles. Previous studies focussed on animal welfare issues and examined short-term effects (e.g. increase of stress hormones due to handling). Long-term effects with possible consequences at the population level remain poorly investigated. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of widely used field procedures (e.g. handling, marking, forced regurgitation) both on short-term (hormonal stress response) and on long-term (changes in body condition, survival) scales in two intensively monitored populations of sea kraits (Laticauda spp.) in New Caledonia. Focusing on the most intensively monitored sites, from 2002 to 2012, we gathered approximately 11 200 captures/recaptures on 4500 individuals. Each snake was individually marked (scale clipping + branding) and subjected to various measurements (e.g. body size, head morphology, palpation). In addition, a subsample of more than 500 snakes was forced to regurgitate their prey for dietary analyses. Handling caused a significant stress hormonal response, however we found no detrimental long-term effect on body condition. Forced regurgitation did not cause any significant effect on both body condition one year later and survival. These results suggest that the strong short-term stress provoked by field procedures did not translate into negative effects on the population. Although similar analyses are required to test the validity of our conclusions in other species, our results suggest distinguishing welfare and population issues to evaluate the potential impact of population surveys.

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EFFECTS OF WELDING PARAMETERS, TIME INTERVAL AND PREHEATING ON RESIDUAL STRESS AND DISTORTION OF JOINING ST52 STIFFENER RING IN AN AISI 4130 TUBULAR SHELL

Acta Mechanica Malaysia ◽

10.26480/amm.01.2020.11.15 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 11-15

Author(s):

Alireza M. Haghighi ◽

Farhad S. Samani

Keyword(s):

Residual Stress ◽

Welding Current ◽

Welding Parameters ◽

Time Interval ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Short Term ◽

Welding Line ◽

Aisi 4130 ◽

Comparison Of The Results

Stiffener rings and stringers are used commonly in offshore and aerospace structures. Welding the stiffener to the structure causes the appearance of residual stress and distortion that leads to short-term and long-term negative effects. Residual stress and distortion of welding have destructive effects such as deformation, brittle fracture, and fatigue of the welded structures. This paper aims to investigate the effects of preheating, time interval and welding parameters such as welding current and speed on residual stress and distortion of joining an ST52-3N (DIN 1.0570) T-shape stiffener ring to an AISI 4130 (DIN 1.7218) thin-walled tubular shell by eleven pairs of welding line in both sides of the ring by means of finite element method (FEM). Results in tangent (longitudinal), axial and radial directions have been compared and the best welding methods proposed. After the comparison of the results, simultaneous welding both sides of the ring with preheating presented as the best method with less distortion and residual stresses among the studied conditions. The correctness of the FEM confirmed by the validation of the results.

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Low Mortality of Larval Lampreys from Electrofishing, Suction-pumping, Anesthesia, and Handling

Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management ◽

10.3996/052017-jfwm-046 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 640-647 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jeffrey C. Jolley ◽

Christina T. Uh ◽

Gregory S. Silver ◽

Timothy A. Whitesel

Keyword(s):

Pacific Northwest ◽

Control Group ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Short Term ◽

Important Species ◽

Pacific Lamprey ◽

The Pacific ◽

Delayed Mortality

Abstract Native lamprey populations are declining worldwide. In the Pacific Northwest focus on conservation and management of these ecologically and culturally important species has increased. Concern has emerged regarding the effects of sampling and handling of lamprey, with little to no attention given to the larval lifestage. We monitored the survival of larval Pacific Lamprey Entosphenus tridentatus and Lampetra spp. after backpack electrofishing, deepwater electrofishing and suction-pumping, anesthesia, and handling. We performed survival trials on wild-caught lamprey (n = 15 larvae in each trial) collected from the Clackamas River drainage in Oregon, USA, coupled with control group trials from lamprey sourced from a hatchery (n = 10 larvae). Short-term (96 h) survival was >98% with only one observed mortality. Delayed mortality (1 wk) was observed for four individuals that had fungus; two of those were positive for the bacteria Aeromonas hyrdrophila. We recorded blood hematocrit as a secondary measure of stress. The baseline, nonstressed larvae hematocrit levels did not differ from those of fish that had undergone stress through electrofishing, suction-pumping, and handling without anesthesia. Electrofishing, suction-pumping, and anesthesia showed no short-term negative effects on larval lamprey although potential long-term effects remain unstudied. These techniques appear to provide efficient and relatively safe methods for collecting and surveying larval lamprey.

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Prediction of Net Profit Growth of Pharmacy Companies on the Indonesian Stock Exchange

Evidence Based Health Policy Management and Economics ◽

10.18502/jebhpme.v3i1.576 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Dhani Ichsanuddin Nur

Keyword(s):

Stock Exchange ◽

Funding Source ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Short Term ◽

Applied Model ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Funding Sources ◽

Net Profit ◽

Auto Regressive

Background: The research purpose to analyzing impacts of funding source changes on pharmacy company profits that went public on Indonesian Stock Exchange, with analysis period of 2008 to 2013. Methods: The research applied analysis means in line with requirements of change variable measurements of funding sources in its interconnectedness with company profits; the applied model was Auto-regressive. Results: The research results indicated that changes of the last one-period short term debts had negative effects insignificantly on company profits, the last two-period short term debts had positive effects significantly on company profits, changes of the last one-period and two-period long term debts had negative effects insignificantly on company profits, equity changes of the last period had positive effects significantly on company profits, the last period profit changes had negative effects significantly on company profits. Conclusion: Last one-period short term, last one-period long term, last two-period long term debt changes, and last period profit have negative insignificant effect on company profit. Last two-period short term debt changes, last one-period equity changes, and last two-period equity changes have positive significant effect on company profit.

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Pleasure junkies all around! Why it matters and why ‘the arts’ might be the answer: a biopsychological perspective

Proceedings of The Royal Society B Biological Sciences ◽

10.1098/rspb.2016.2837 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 284 (1854) ◽

pp. 20162837 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Julia F. Christensen

Keyword(s):

Prefrontal Cortex ◽

Well Being ◽

Anterior Cingulate ◽

Neural Systems ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Choice Behaviour ◽

Short Term ◽

The Arts ◽

Dorsolateral Prefrontal

Today's society is pleasure seeking. We expect to obtain pleasurable experiences fast and easily. We are used to hyper-palatable foods and drinks, and we can get pornography, games and gadgets whenever we want them. The problem: with this type of pleasure-maximizing choice behaviour we may be turning ourselves into mindless pleasure junkies, handing over our free will for the next dopamine shoot. Pleasure-only activities are fun. In excess, however, such activities might have negative effects on our biopsychological health: they provoke a change in the neural mechanisms underlying choice behaviour. Choice behaviour becomes biased towards short-term pleasure-maximizing goals, just as in the addicted brain (modulated by the amygdala, posterior ventromedial prefrontal cortex' (VMPFC), striatum, nucleus accumbens; ‘A-system’) and away from long-term prosperity and general well-being maximizing objectives (normally ensured by the insula, anterior VMPFC, hippocampus, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), anterior cingulate cortex (ACC); ‘I-system‘). This paper outlines, first, what ‘pleasure’ is and what ‘pleasure-only’ activities are (e.g. social media engagement, hyper-palatable eating). Second, an account is given of the type of action that might aid to maintain the neural systems underlying choice behaviour balanced. Finally, it is proposed that engagement with the arts might be an activity with the potential to foster healthy choice behaviour—and not be just for pleasure. The evidence in this rather new field of research is still piecemeal and inconclusive. This review aims to motivate targeted research in this domain.

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Election boycott in a hybrid regime: The case of 2020 parliamentary elections in Serbia

New Perspectives ◽

10.1177/2336825x211009106 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 2336825X2110091

Author(s):

Dejan Bursać ◽

Dušan Vučićević

Keyword(s):

Hybrid Regimes ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Short Term ◽

Parliamentary Elections ◽

Election Results ◽

Hybrid Regime ◽

Progressive Party ◽

Ruling Party ◽

Short Term Effects

The 2020 elections in Serbia were held on 21st of June, as the first elections in Europe since the outbreak of coronavirus pandemic. The pre-electoral period was marked by the announcement of boycott from opposition, followed by a number of attempts of ruling party to mitigate the potential negative effects. The decision of opposition to restrain from participation came as a response to the long-term accusations of heavily biased electoral and media conditions, which culminated in EU-mediated (but largely unsuccessful) roundtable talks in 2019. On a larger scale, the administration headed by the President Aleksandar Vučić is becoming increasingly authoritarian, with several indices now classifying Serbia as a hybrid regime. As expected, the elections brought a convincing victory to Vučić’s Serbian Progressive Party, which won 188 out of 250 seats. Despite the overwhelming triumph, government was formed more than four months later. This paper is contributing to the literature on actors’ strategies in hybrid regimes. Although only short-term effects of the boycott could be assessed, the 2020 elections in Serbia demonstrate that legitimacy of the regime cannot be endangered if the opposition is not supported by international actors, and moreover, that the election results have only strengthened the regime.

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Identifying Strategies as a Ploy for Overcoming Negative Effects of COVIDization of Economy

Economic Alternatives ◽

10.37075/ea.2021.4.01 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 27 (4) ◽

pp. 489-503

Keyword(s):

Organizational Development ◽

Value Added ◽

Point Of View ◽

Theoretical Point ◽

Balance Scorecard ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Short Term ◽

Specific Goal ◽

External Conditions

The main goal of this publication is to highlight the importance of the strategy as a ploy to overcome the negative effects as a result of COVIDization of the economy. The term COVIDization of the economy is the term that best describes the situation caused by COVID-19 in the short term and the long term consequences it will have for the business. The first wave presented the companies the economic challenges that they had to deal with in the short term. The subsequent two new waves also determined the need for strategic changes on the part of companies. In these conditions, all five strategies derived by Mintzberg appear – plan, a pattern of behavior, positioning, ploy, perspective. The article substantiates from a theoretical point of view the importance of strategy as a ploy through some of the most popular concepts used in strategic management - McKinsey’s 7S, the Pyramid for organizational development; through the Value-added chain, the Strategic map and Balance scorecard. Viewed in this way, “strategy” means the definition (undertaking) of a set of actions to achieve a specific goal under certain, set as a result of COVIDization, external conditions and available internal prerequisites. The presented empirical data are the result of a study conducted in the period March-April, 2020.

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Kontrowersje wokół długoterminowych badań Gillesa-Erica Séraliniego nad bezpieczeństwem zdrowotnym kukurydzy GMO

Studia Ecologiae et Bioethicae ◽

10.21697/seb.2014.12.3.02 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 33-54

Author(s):

Katarzyna Lisowska ◽

Alexander Cortez

Keyword(s):

Safety Evaluation ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Short Term ◽

Term Study ◽

Experimental Animals ◽

Long Term Study ◽

Chemical Toxicology ◽

The Subject ◽

One Year

At the end of the year 2012, Food and Chemical Toxicology published a long-term study by Seralini et al., describing the safety evaluation of genetically modified NK603 maize and Roundup herbicide. Contrary to previous, short-term studies, this experiment revealed some negative effects of these substances on the health of experimental animals. GM feeds and Roundup generate revenue worth millions of dollars. This may be the reason why Seralini’s paper has became the subject of much heated criticism, mainly from parties linked to business and agro-biotechnology. After one year of debate, the editors of Food Chem Toxicol. decided to retract the paper, an unprecedented event given that the published article was peer-reviewed and there was no evidence of plagiarism or fraud. Here, we stress the results of Seralini’s study, discuss the methodological hints of that work and cite the commentaries on the whole situation.

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Chemotherapeutic Nanoparticles Accumulate in the Female Reproductive System during Ovulation Affecting Fertility and Anticancer Activity

10.1101/2020.07.22.216168 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Maria Poley ◽

Yael Shammai ◽

Maya Kaduri ◽

Lilach Koren ◽

Omer Adir ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Menstrual Cycle ◽

Reproductive System ◽

Fold Increase ◽

Free Drug ◽

Physiological Changes ◽

Female Reproductive System ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Short Term ◽

Ovarian Toxicity

AbstractThroughout the female menstrual cycle, physiological changes occur that affect the biodistribution of nanoparticles within the reproductive system. This can have positive or negative effects. We demonstrate a 2-fold increase in nanoparticle accumulation in the ovaries during female mouse ovulation compared to the non-ovulatory stage following intravenous administration. Accumulation in the reproductive system is favored by nanoparticles smaller than 100 nm. Chemotherapeutic nanoparticles administered during ovulation increased ovarian toxicity and decreased short-term and long-term fertility when compared to the free drug. Breast cancer treated with nanomedicines during ovulation results in higher drug accumulation in the reproductive system rather than at the site of the tumor, reducing treatment efficacy. Conversely, ovarian cancer treatment was improved by enhanced nanoparticle accumulation in the ovaries during ovulation. Our findings suggest that the menstrual cycle should be considered when designing and implementing nanotherapeutics for females.

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Analysis of Ziswaf, Production Index and Sharia Stock Index on Economic Growth

Jurnal Pasar Modal dan Bisnis ◽

10.37194/jpmb.v1i2.32 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 221-242

Author(s):

Purbawati Setyaningsih ◽

Roikhan Mochamad Aziz ◽

Puji Hadiyati

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Stock Index ◽

Economic Activities ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Short Term ◽

Production Index ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Term Model ◽

Long Run

This study analyzes the influence ZISWAF, Gini ratio, the total export value, the index of industrial production, sharia stock index investment to GDP growth, in the short and long term. Qualitative data were taken from BPS, Baznas, ACT Global Waqf, the FSA from March 2006 until December 2017 using the methodology of The Error Correction Model (ECM). The results of this study indicate that the variable Gini Ratio, Ziswaf, Total exports, Production Index and Sharia Stock Index on GDP economic growth have significant and positive effects in the long term and the short term. Meaning that these variables have a relationship with GDP economic growth. If the variable decreases or slows down-then GDP economic growth also. While total exports have insignificant effects and negative effects on GDP economic growth. The R-square regression value of the long-term model produces a proportion of 96 percent, the short-term model produces a proportion of 97 percent. Both in the long-run and short-run models, the highest coefficient value is the value of the Gini ratio with 4.941522 and 0.348043. All positive coefficients, Gini ratio variables, ziswaf and production index have a significant effect on gdp, total exports and sharia stock indexes do not have a significant effect on gdp both in the long and short-term models. It implies in the future, fiscal economic policy makers to economic growth that opened a lot of employment, by encouraging resource based economic activities of Indonesia's largest export-oriented agriculture and mining. Good Corporate goverment should do so gini ratio of the areas surrounding the economy improved and people kesejahtaeraan increase.

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