The influencing mechanism of drilling parameters on micro drilling temperature on the basis of calibration of surface emissivity of micro drill bit

Circuit World ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongyan Shi ◽  
Jiali Ning ◽  
Qiuxin Yan
Keyword(s):  
Influencing Factor ◽  
Spindle Speed ◽  
Drill Bit ◽  
Surface Emissivity ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Drilling Temperature ◽  
Drilling Parameters ◽  
Micro Drilling ◽  
Micro Drill

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to calibrate the surface emissivity of micro drill bit and to investigate the effect of different drilling parameters on the temperature of micro drill bit in printed circuit board (PCB) micro drilling process. Design/methodology/approach The surface emissivity of micro drill bit was obtained by experiments. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied in this study to analysis the effect of different drilling parameters on the temperature of micro drill bit in PCB micro hole drilling. The most significant influencing factor on micro drill bit temperature was achieved by ANOVA. Findings First, the surface emissivity of cemented carbide rod decreased from 0.4 to 0.32 slowly with temperature in the range of 50-220°C. Second, the most significant influencing factor on the micro drill bit temperature was spindle speed among the drilling parameters including spindle speed, retract rate and infeed rate. Research limitations/implications In this paper, the influence of roughness of black coating, carbide rod and micro drill bit on the surface emissivity calibration and the temperature measurement was not considered. Originality/value A new simple method has been presented to calibrate the surface emissivity of micro drill bit. Through calibrating the surface emissivity of micro drill bit, the temperature of micro drill bit can be measured accurately by infrared thermometry. Analyzing the influences of different drilling parameters on the temperature of micro drill bit, the mechanism of drilling parameters on drilling temperature is achieved. The basis for the selection of drilling parameters to improve the hole quality is enhanced.

Temperature simulation and its application in on-line temperature measurement of a micro drill bit

Circuit World ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongyan Shi ◽  
Hui Li ◽  
Shengzhi Chen
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Measurement ◽  
Temperature Drop ◽  
Infrared Camera ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Drilling Process ◽  
Drill Bit ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Micro Drilling ◽  
On Line ◽  
Micro Drill

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to obtain the micro drill bit temperature field distribution in micro-drilling process and the temperature drop in retracting process with simulation software. Meanwhile, the key factors that affect the micro drill bit temperature will be obtained as well. The results can also be used to improve the accuracy in on-line drilling temperature measurement. Design/methodology/approach – The purpose of this paper is to obtain the micro drill bit temperature field distribution in micro-drilling process and the temperature drop in retracting process with simulation software. Meanwhile, the key factors that affect the micro drill bit temperature will be obtained as well. The results can also be used to improve the accuracy in on-line drilling temperature measurement. Findings – Micro drill bit high-temperature area mainly concentrates in the cutting edge and chisel edge. With the increase of spindle speed and feed speed, the micro drill bit highest temperature increased. The micro drill bit temperature drop rate reaches 20° in the micro-drilling retraction process with certain parameters. The micro drill bit highest temperature detected by an infrared camera is lower by 22° than that in real drilling. The simulation results can be used to guide the actual industrial production. Originality/value – The simulation results can be applied to revise the temperature measurement by an infrared camera in the drilling process. Drilling experiments show that the simulation method is correct and has certain practical significance. The current temperature measurement method can satisfy most of the requirements of temperature measurements.

Movement characteristics of micro drill bit during entry period in PCB high speed drilling

Circuit World ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 110-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongyan Shi ◽  
Qiuxin Yan ◽  
Shengzhi Chen
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Spindle Speed ◽  
Drill Bit ◽  
High Speed Camera ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Entry Period ◽  
Movement Characteristics ◽  
High Speed Drilling ◽  
Micro Drill

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to study the movement characteristics of micro drill bit during entry period in printed circuit board (PCB) high-speed drilling and to present an effective method to conduct quantitative analysis of the wandering of drill bit based on high-speed video capturing. Design/methodology/approach Based on the high-speed camera technology, experiments are conducted to get a series of time sequence images and the wandering of micro drill tip and the radial run-out of drill body, and the max-deformation of drill bit are calculated by using a quantitative analysis method. Finally, the movement characteristics of micro drill bit during entry drilling period PCB high-speed drilling are evaluated. Findings With the increasing spindle speed, the radial run-out of drill body decreases gradually, whereas the wandering amplitude of the drill point gradually increases; micro drill bit itself has an ability of positioning deviation correction after contacting the entry sheet; the feed rate within a certain range could slightly worsen the deformation of drill tip at the instant of impingement. Research limitations/implications With the improvement of spindle speed, the camera’s shooting speed needed will increase accordingly, thus, the resolution of the pictures will decline, which always affects the analysis precision. Originality/value A series of effective methods to conduct quantitative analysis of the wandering micro drill bit by using high-speed camera technology is presented; a reference for the optimization of micro-hole drilling is provided.

Characterization of drill bit breakage in PCB drilling process based on high-speed video analysis

Circuit World ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 89-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongyan Shi ◽  
Xiaoke Lin ◽  
Yun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Video Analysis ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Printed Circuit Board ◽  
Circuit Board ◽  
Drilling Process ◽  
Drill Bit ◽  
Content Type ◽  
High Speed Video ◽  
Micro Drill

Purpose The purposes of this paper are to study the characterization of drill bit breakage in printed circuit board (PCB) drilling process based on high-speed video analysis and to provide an important reference for micro drill bit breakage prediction. Design/methodology/approach Based on PCB drilling experiment, the high-speed camera was used to observe the micro drill breakage process and the chip removal process. The variation of chip in the drilling process was studied and one of the key reasons for the drill bit breakage was analysed. Finally, the swing angles’ feature during the breakage process of the micro drill was analysed and researched with the image processing tools of MATLAB. Findings The micro drill was prone to breakage mainly because of the blocked chips. The breakage process of the micro drill can be divided into the stage of stable chips evacuation, the stage of blocked chips and the stage of drill bit breakage. The radians of swing angles were basically in the range of ±0.01 when the drilling possess is normal. But when the radians of swing angles considerably exceeded the range of ±0.01, the micro drill bit may be fractured. Originality/value This paper presented the method to study the characterization of drill bit breakage in the PCB drilling process by using high-speed video analysis technology. Meanwhile, an effective suggestion about monitoring the radians of swing angles to predict the breakage of micro drill bit was also provided.

scholarly journals Effect of drilling parameters on drilling temperature and force of ultra-high strength steel

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (5 Part A) ◽  
pp. 2577-2584
Author(s):  
Hui Zhang ◽  
Changsheng Guo ◽  
Changming Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Axial Force ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Cutting Temperature ◽  
Spindle Speed ◽  
Cutting Edge ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Drilling Process ◽  
Temperature Decrease ◽  
Drilling Temperature ◽  
Drilling Parameters

Aiming at 300M hard-to-machine material, the effects of different drilling parameters (spindle speed, n, feed, f, bit diameter, d) on drilling temperature, torque and axial force were analyzed and studied by orthogonal test method. The prediction models of drilling temperature, torque, and drilling axial force are constructed. The results show that the cutting temperature and stress are mainly distributed on the cross edge of the bit in the initial stage of 300 m steel drilling. With the continuous drilling process of 300M hard-to-machine materials, the cutting temperature and stress generated gradually transfer to the main cutting edge of the bit and extend along the main cutting edge. With the increase of bit diameter, the cutting axial force, torque and cutting temperature decrease, but the cutting axial force, torque and cutting temperature decrease. With the increase of spindle speed and feed, the cutting temperature is increasing. According to the results of orthogonal experiment, the cutting axial force is established by least square method. The predictive models of force, torque, and cutting temperature are validated by the experimental model coefficients and model coefficients. The results show that feed, f, has the greatest influence on cutting axial force, torque, and cutting temperature.

Performance analysis of micro drill bit with asymmetric helix groove

Circuit World ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongyan Shi ◽  
Jiali Ning ◽  
Hui Li
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Excitation Frequency ◽  
Helix Angle ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Response Analysis ◽  
Drill Bit ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Drill Bits ◽  
Micro Drill

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present a new method to optimize the micro drill bit based on finite element analysis, and analyze the performance of the asymmetric helix groove micro drill bit and provide a way to conduct the optimization of micro drill bits. Design/methodology/approach – First, the stress and deform of the micro drills were analyzed in ANSYS. Second, the influence of helix angle, web thickness and ratio of flute to land on stiffness was explored. Combining the former two results, a better set of parameters were optimized. Third, the modal analysis and harmonic response analysis of the optimized micro drill bit were analyzed in ANSYS. Finally, an experiment was carried out to verify the performance of the asymmetric helix groove micro drill bit. Findings – The stress and deform of the asymmetric helix groove micro drill bit are not symmetric. The rigidity is getting better with the web thickness increasing in the selected range; while, the rigidity is getting worse with the helix angle and ratio of flute to land increasing in the selected range. The natural frequencies of the optimized micro drill bit are far away from the excitation frequency, and the response displacement is very small under the excitation of the spindle. In the drilling experiment, the optimized micro drill bit performs well. Research limitations/implications – In this paper, the diameter of the asymmetric helix groove micro drill bit was 0.3 mm and the cross-section shape was not considered. The future research work should consider different diameters and cross-section shapes. Originality/value – Analyzing the influence of three main geometry parameters on the rigidity in ANSYS, a better set of parameters were optimized from the analysis results. The drilling experimental results show that this method is of great significance for obtaining the appropriate parameters of asymmetric helix groove micro drill bits.

scholarly journals Study of the influence of models on the drilling temperature of bone measured by thermocouples

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 2633366X2092140
Author(s):  
Fangyi You ◽  
Jin Li ◽  
Huzi Cui ◽  
Qiulian Dai
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Feed Rate ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Spindle Speed ◽  
Experimental Result ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
The Finite Element Method ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Drilling Temperature ◽  
Drilling Parameters

Bone drilling is a standard procedure in medicine mainly for internal fixation with a gripper plate. Drilling bone generates much heat, then the heat causes the temperature of bone to rise, nearby the borehole rapidly, while drilling. Studies indicated that the bone would irreversibly be damaged after being heated up to 47°C for 60 s. Hence, it is vitally important to control the drilling temperature of bone. Two different models of the tibia for drilling simulation were established with ABAQUS software based on finite element analysis in this article. The first model is an approximate ideal model of the tibia with fluid in the bone cavity. And the other one is a tubular tibia without fluid in the bone cavity, and a pair of thermocouples is embedded to match the experimental condition when measuring the drilling temperature. The distribution of heat on the bone and the highest drilling temperature were revealed by simulation, and the influences of drilling parameters on drilling temperature of bone were also explored by variance analysis. The results show that the maximum drilling temperature increases with an increase in the diameter of bit and spindle speed. The drilling temperature also increases as the feed rate increase, but the effect of feed rate on drilling temperature is not as significant as that of spindle speed. The drilling temperatures of two models were obtained by the finite element method. The maximum temperature of model 1 is taken as the benchmark. The temperature of model 2 takes as the experimental result. A formula for modifying the experimental temperature to actual value was derived. Then predicted temperature of model 1 could be achieved to obtain the optimized drilling parameters.

Size Effect of Drill Bit on Coupled Vibrations during High Speed Micro-Drilling Process of Composite Printed Circuit Board

2020 ◽  
Vol 975 ◽  
pp. 217-222
Author(s):  
Tien Dat Hoang ◽  
Van Du Nguyen ◽  
Hai Anh Nguyen ◽  
Ngoc Kien Nguyen ◽  
Hoang Thi Hai Yen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Size Effect ◽  
Dynamic Responses ◽  
Circuit Board ◽  
Drilling Process ◽  
Beam Model ◽  
Drill Bit ◽  
Aspect Ratios ◽  
Micro Drilling ◽  
Micro Drill ◽  
Drill Tool

This paper presents a comprehensive method to consider the size effect of the drill bit on the lateral and torsional vibrations of micro-drill tool accurately. Based on the Euler angles, and Lagrange’s equation, the dynamic micro-drilling spindle model including micro-drilling tool is derived. To express more realistic behaviors of the model, the Timoshenko beam model is employed. The dynamic responses of the micro-drill tool are obtained by utilizing the finite element method and Newmark’s method. The influences of the drill bit with high length to diameter are investigated in three cases as 15:1, 18:1, and 20:1 using the same 0.1 mm diameter drill at a rotational speed of 5×104 rpm during air cutting and cutting of the 6-layer FR-4 composite board. The hole-quality is used to discuss the influences of those drill bit aspect ratios.

Influential mechanism of printed circuit board properties on micro hole drilling temperature

Circuit World ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 125-131
Author(s):  
Hongyan Shi ◽  
Xiaoke Lin ◽  
Qiuxin Yan ◽  
Xiong Liang
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Measurement ◽  
Circuit Board ◽  
Hole Drilling ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Printed Circuit ◽  
Influence Mechanism ◽  
Drilling Temperature ◽  
Micro Drilling ◽  
Micro Hole ◽  
Infrared Temperature Measurement

Purpose The purpose of this paper was to study the influence of properties of printed circuit boards (PCBs) on the temperature during micro drilling and obtain the influential mechanism of PCBs based on temperature measurement. Design/methodology/approach Experiments were carried out to study the influence mechanism of PCB properties on micro hole drilling temperature under high spindle speed. The temperature measurement platform was applied, then the influence of components ratio of PCBs on the temperature of micro-drilling was analyzed by using comparative analysis method. The mass ratio of each kind of material in the PCB was defined as four levels and the influence mechanism of properties of PCBs based on temperature measurement was summarized. Findings Average filler and lower resin would have a positive impact on micro hole drilling temperature, and the smaller filler size and the even distribution would make it better. Originality/value An infrared temperature measurement platform was applied and influential mechanism of PCB properties on temperature was analyzed, which could provide the reference value on the optimization of temperature during micro drilling.

Adaptive neuro-fuzzy fusion of multi-sensor data for monitoring of CNC machining

Sensor Review ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Srdjan Jovic ◽  
Obrad Anicic ◽  
Milivoje Jovanovic
Keyword(s):  
Selection Process ◽  
Spindle Speed ◽  
Cnc Machining ◽  
Numerical Control ◽  
Periodic Component ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Inference System ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Neuro Fuzzy

Purpose Acoustic emission (AE) could be used for prevention and detection of tool errors in Computer Numerical Control (CNC) machining. The purpose of this study is to analyze the AE form of CNC machining operations. Design/methodology/approach Experimental measurements were performed with three sensors on the CNC lathe to collect the data of the CNC machining. Adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) was applied for the fusion from the sensors’ signals to determine the strength of the signal periodic component among the sensors. Findings There were three inputs, namely, spindle speed, feed rate and depth of cut. ANFIS was also used to determine the inputs’ influence on the prediction of strength of the signal periodic component. Variable selection process was used to select the most dominant factors which affect the prediction of strength of the signal periodic component. Originality/value Results were shown that the spindle speed has the most dominant effect on the strength of the signal periodic component.

Cultural influence on brand loyalty of rural consumers in the Indian context

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rashmi Ranjan Parida ◽  
Sangeeta Sahney
Keyword(s):  
Brand Loyalty ◽  
Influencing Factor ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Business Organizations ◽  
Market Strategy ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Rural Market ◽  
Rural Consumers ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of the study is to develop a scale to identify and measure cultural factors and brand loyalty among rural consumers. The study also seeks to analyze the impact of identified cultural factors on the overall brand loyalty of rural consumers. Design/methodology/approach A questionnaire was developed to measure cultural factors and brand loyalty of rural consumers. Exploratory factor analysis was carried out to identify cultural factors, and a regression analysis was carried out to study the impact of the identified factors on brand loyalty. Findings Four dimensions of culture were identified from the study, i.e. virtuousness, religion, sociability and ethnocentrism. The analysis reveals that virtuousness is the most influencing factor on brand loyalty of rural consumers, followed by sociability and religion. Ethnocentrism was found to have insignificant influence on brand loyalty. Research limitations/implications The Indian rural market is a market of opportunity and unlimited business potential. An understanding of the cultural factors of rural markets and their influence on brand loyalty would help marketers and business organizations build an appropriate market strategy to explore benefits. Originality/value The paper attempts to explore the influence of certain cultural factors on the brand loyalty of Indian rural consumers, which has not been researched extensively. This provides a good insight for all marketers who want to succeed in this market.

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