Evaluation of a resilience intervention for Filipino displaced survivors of Super Typhoon Haiyan

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 346-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Regina Hechanova ◽  
Pierce S. Docena ◽  
Liane Peña Alampay ◽  
Avegale Acosta ◽  
Emma E. Porio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Adaptive Coping ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Super Typhoon ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Resilience Intervention

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the effect of a community-based resilience intervention for Filipino displaced survivors of Super Typhoon Haiyan. Design/methodology/approach The researchers used a quasi-experimental and mixed-method design comparing a treatment group with a control group across three time periods: before, immediately after, and six months after the intervention. Findings Results showed significant improvements in survivors’ anxiety scores and resilience scores compared to those who did not undergo the program. However, although there was an increase in adaptive coping of participants immediately after the program, there was a reduction in adaptive coping behaviors for all groups six months after the program. Focus group discussions revealed this might be due to significant environmental challenges among displaced survivors. Research limitations/implications A limitation of the study was the lack of randomization and a small sample size due to attrition. Practical implications The study highlights the positive effects of culturally adapted group interventions. Social implications The results suggest the importance of a systemic approach to enabling the recovery of displaced survivors in developing countries. Originality/value This study provides evidence for a resilience intervention developed in a low-middle income country in Southeast Asia.

Alternative transportation education: implementing an innovative module

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-176
Author(s):  
Kelly McKenna ◽  
Levi Altringer
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods Research ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Active Transportation ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Student Survey ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Survey Responses

Purpose This study aims to investigate the Colorado state university (CSU) MOVES online, transportation module, which was implemented for the dual purpose of promoting alternative modes of transportation and while providing students with the information and skills necessary to comfortably and safely commute on and around campus without a personal motor vehicle. Design/methodology/approach This mixed methods research tests the effect of the CSU MOVES transportation module on students’ familiarity, comfortability and knowledgeability, the researchers investigate within- and across-group changes in student survey responses over time. Findings The educational transportation module had an immediate and significant impact on the students’ familiarity, comfortability and knowledgeability regarding alternative and active transportation methods and this effect lasted over the semester. In addition, participating students experienced much larger gains in their knowledgeability of safe active transportation practices. Research limitations/implications The CSU MOVES survey data was limited in multiple ways, including self-selection into participation and completion of the transportation module, as well as the small sample size and lack of an authentic control group. Originality/value Universities and colleges across the country are becoming critically aware of issues surrounding transportation on and around campus and CSU is one of the first universities to join together with the local community to implement a transportation education module. Transportation initiatives have been motivated by multiple factors such as the supply of and demand for parking on and around campuses, sustainability efforts to reduce carbon emissions associated with university operations and the promotion of student health through active lifestyle practices.

Telephone follow-up for cataract surgery: feasibility and patient satisfaction study

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 407-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy J.S.L. Hoffman ◽  
Lucia Pelosini
Keyword(s):  
Patient Satisfaction ◽  
Cataract Surgery ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Randomised Study ◽  
Risk Patients

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the feasibility of telephone follow-up (TFU) after uncomplicated cataract surgery in low-risk patients and patient satisfaction with this alternative clinical pathway. Design/methodology/approach – Prospective, non-randomised cohort study. A ten-point subjective ophthalmic assessment questionnaire and a six-point patient satisfaction questionnaire were administered to patients following routine cataract surgery at two to three weeks post-procedure. All patients were offered a further clinic review if required. Exclusion criteria comprised ophthalmic co-morbidities, hearing/language impairment and high risk of post-operative complications. Patient notes were retrospectively reviewed over the study period to ensure no additional emergency attendances took place. Findings – Over three months, 50 eyes of 50 patients (mean age: 80; age range 60-91; 66 per cent second eye surgery) underwent uncomplicated phacoemulsification surgery received a TFU at 12-24 days (mean: 16 days) post-operatively. Subjective visual acuity was graded as good by 92 per cent of patients; 72 per cent patients reported no pain and 20 per cent reported mild occasional grittiness. Patient satisfaction was graded 8.9 out of 10; 81.6 per cent defined TFU as convenient and 75.5 per cent of patients preferred TFU to routine outpatient review. No additional visits were required. Research limitations/implications – Non-randomised with no control group; small sample size. One patient was unable to be contacted. Practical implications – Post-operative TFU can be suitably targeted to low-risk patients following uncomplicated cataract surgery. This study demonstrated a high patient satisfaction. A larger, randomised study is in progress to assess this further. Originality/value – This is the first study reporting TFU results and patient satisfaction to the usual alternative two-week outpatient review.

Effectiveness of the Weighted Blanket With Psychiatric Patients in the Emergency Department: A Pilot Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 107839032110267
Author(s):  
Debra A. Dickson ◽  
Laura Gantt ◽  
Melvin Swanson
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Finding ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Research With Children ◽  
Quasi Experimental

BACKGROUND Restraint and seclusion continue to be used with patients demonstrating aggressive and violent behaviors while in the emergency department and as inpatients in behavioral health (BH) units. The use of sensory interventions such as the weighted blanket (WB) is garnering interest as alternatives to aid in managing anxiety, anger, and aggressive behaviors. Reports of the effectiveness of the WB have primarily been anecdotal, and results of research with children have been mixed. Only one study has been conducted with the WB with adults on an inpatient psychiatric unit. OBJECTIVES The aim of this pilot study was to assess the effectiveness of the WB by determining whether it decreases anxiety and/or anger in adult emergency department patients with preexisting psychiatric diagnoses. METHODS The study used a quasi-experimental, nonequivalent control group design with pre- and posttests for anxiety and anger. The intervention was a 15-pound WB. Participants ( N = 15) were in one of three groups, which included no weighted blanket (NWB), WB for 15 minutes, or WB for 30 minutes. RESULTS All three groups showed a decrease in anxiety and anger scores. However, participants in the WB groups had a greater decrease in anxiety and anger posttest scores. CONCLUSIONS The small sample size in this study did not allow for the determination of any differences between groups on anxiety or anger scores that could be viewed as a significant finding.

scholarly journals Le contrôle exercé sur la conjointe : comparaison de quatre groupes d’hommes

Criminologie ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benoît Roy ◽  
Gilles Rondeau
Keyword(s):  
Spouse Abuse ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Abusive Behavior ◽  
Men 2 ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Demographic Questionnaire ◽  
Quasi Experimental

This paper presents the results of an exploratory study on the control exerted by men over their spouse. Four groups of 15 men each, were compared: 1) men with no criminal record and who had volontarily taken part in a community program for violent men; 2) men accused of spouse abuse, exclusively; 3) men accused of spouse abuse and other crimes; 4) men selected at random from the community. The type of sample was non probabilistic. Three questionnaires were administered: 1) a demographic questionnaire 2) the "Abusive Behavior Inventory" (Shepard and Campbell, 1992) and 3) the "Psychological Maltreatment of Women Inventory" (Tolman, 1989). The results demonstrated that the control group (group 4) displayed "stability" in comparaison with the groups of accused men (groups 2 and 3) where important difficulties and "marginality" were observed. "Non accused" spouse abusers (group 1) obtained middle ranged scores. Scores from the four sub-scales in the two attitudinal inventories corrrelated significantly and were in the predicted direction. As the level of psychological or physical abuse increased, so did the desire to dominate and isolate women. Given the small sample size and the quasi-experimental nature of the design, the results are not considered as definitive; however, they provide directions for future research.

Teaching outbreak investigation to undergraduate food technologists

2015 ◽  
Vol 117 (2) ◽  
pp. 766-778 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanne Karlsen ◽  
Lisbeth Mehli ◽  
Erik Wahl ◽  
Ragnhild Lyngved Staberg
Keyword(s):  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Outbreak Investigation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Module Design ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Future Work

Purpose – Investigations of food-borne outbreaks are complex and require multidisciplinary collaboration. The purpose of this paper is to help food technologists face this challenge and be competent members of a multidisciplinary team, a study module on the investigation of a “real-life” food-borne outbreak was developed. Design/methodology/approach – The module design was based on the principles of inquiry-based learning with the purpose to motivate and activate students with challenging assignments. The didactic impact of the module was evaluated as a qualitative case study with questionnaires, reflection assignments and interviews of students and lecturers. Findings – A teaching module developed by an external professional taking part in the academic environment provides a learning environment well adapted to the curriculum, as well as bringing first-hand realism and enthusiasm into the classroom. The external lecturer’s dedication to the subject was appreciated by the students. A majority of the students believed that the outbreak investigation simulation play gave a better understanding of how food-borne outbreaks are investigated. A majority of the students 68 per cent (2011) and 82 per cent (2012) believed that what they learned in this module would be useful in a future work situation. Research limitations/implications – There are some limitations to the study, the most important one being the small sample size, and as the classes rarely exceeds 30 students, the use of a control group was not logistically feasible. Originality/value – Teaching food technologists to become knowledgeable professionals in this field will constitute a valuable contribution to the multidisciplinary food-borne outbreak investigation team. In turn, this may increase confidence among the general public in the food industry.

Does PTSD predict institutional violence within a UK male prison population?

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 229-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirsten McCallum
Keyword(s):  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Prison Population ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Criminal History ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Content Type

Purpose Given the amount of research examining the association between trauma and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) with aggression and violence, few studies have focussed on a UK prison population. Additionally, few have examined the relationship between PTSD symptoms, aggression and violence perpetrated in custody. The purpose of this paper is to explore the association between PTSD and violence against the person in prison, and the association between PTSD and having a conviction for violence against the person. Design/methodology/approach The sample consisted of 110 participants from a male prison in England (young offenders and adult prisoners). They were assessed for PTSD symptoms using the Detailed Assessment of Posttraumatic Stress (DAPS; Briere, 2001), their criminal history and custodial behaviour was analysed. Findings The findings revealed that symptoms of PTSD were significantly associated with violence in prison, however, symptoms of PTSD were not found to be significantly associated with having a violent conviction. Further analysis using logistic regression found having a violent conviction, age and PTSD symptoms were significant predictors of violence in prison. Research limitations/implications The limitations of this study are the reliance on a self-report measure to assess symptoms of PTSD, the small sample size and the absence of a control group. Practical implications The results highlighted the need for staff training and the availability of a service to assess and treat PTSD. This would increase the well-being of offenders and support the current HM Prison Service violence reduction strategies. Originality/value This study provides new research into the UK prison population.

Supplementation of Probiotics and Its Effects on Physically Active Individuals and Athletes: Systematic Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 481-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriella Berwig Möller ◽  
Maria Júlia Vieira da Cunha Goulart ◽  
Bruna Bellincanta Nicoletto ◽  
Fernanda Donner Alves ◽  
Cláudia Dornelles Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Probiotic Supplementation ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Positive Effects

The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review of the effects of probiotic supplementation on physically active individuals. The participants, interventions, comparisons, outcome and study design inclusion criteria were (a) studies involving healthy adults or older subjects of both sexes who did physical exercise (including athletes and physically active individuals), (b) interventions with probiotics, (c) inclusion of a control group, (d) outcomes not previously defined, and (e) clinical trials and randomized clinical trials, with no language or date restrictions. The search was conducted in the following scientific databases: MEDLINE, Embase, SciELO, Scopus, and Lilacs. Search terms were “Probiotics” OR “Prebiotics” OR “Microbiota” AND “Exercise” OR “Athletes.” The articles were first screened by title and abstract by two independent reviewers and disagreements resolved by a third reviewer. Data were extracted independently by the same two reviewers; results were extracted in duplicate and then compared to avoid errors. A total of 544 articles were retrieved and 24 were included. A total of 1,680 patients were included, most of them being male (n = 1,134, 67.5%), with a mean age of 30.9 ± 6.1 years. Following probiotic supplementation, positive effects have been reported for several outcomes including respiratory tract infection, immunologic markers, and gastrointestinal symptoms in both athletes and nonathletes. However, published studies have distinct protocols and measured outcomes, and some of them have small sample size and failed to prove beneficial effect on probiotic supplementation, leading to inconclusive results for standardized supplementation protocols.

Educational interventions to increase cultural competence for nursing students

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-97
Author(s):  
Susan Young ◽  
Kristina Lu
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Students ◽  
Cultural Competence ◽  
Educational Intervention ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Experimental Group

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze the study results conducted at a four-year university in Hawaii investigating the impact of providing nursing students with an educational intervention session aimed at improving cultural competence. Design/methodology/approach A descriptive-correlational research method was used to examine the correlations between a control group and experimental group using pre-and post-tests. The t-test for equality of means and Levene’s test for equality of variances were conducted for statistical analysis on pre-and post-test scores. In addition, a power analysis was conducted due to the small sample size. Findings The control group receiving no intervention scored lower on the post-test in overall competency by five points, while the experimental group increased their post-score by five points after receiving the intervention; however, this increase did not change the overall cultural competence score. The results indicate that the educational intervention of a two-hour didactic, discussion and presentation did not provide as robust as what was needed to increase domain scores for the experimental group. Further, the domains of awareness, skill, knowledge, encounter and desire cannot be taught by instruction alone and should be reinforced over time. Research limitations/implications The study was a convenience sample and limited by the small sample size. The sample may not be representative of all senior nursing students. The study is limited to one school of nursing in Hawaii; the results may not be generalized to other populations. Practical implications This research provides a foundation for future curriculum development and the evaluation of nursing programs. For instance, incorporating a value-added instructional project on cultural competence into each nursing class would increase cultural competence awareness and knowledge. Social implications This study also emphasizes the necessity of education in cultural competence for all health professionals, which has implications for improving quality, patient satisfaction and increased health outcomes. Originality/value This research is unique to examining and applying an educational intervention on cultural competence for nursing students in Hawaii. This research sheds light on studying the importance of culture competence for nursing students and other health professionals. This is not a skill that can be taught in one class or only even a single immersion experience and should be acquired over time where continuing education and encounters are necessary in order to become culturally competent; this will enable health professionals to provide meaningful and appropriate care to patients.

scholarly journals Further evidence that singing fosters mental health and wellbeing: the West Kent and Medway project

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Clift ◽  
Sharon Manship ◽  
Lizzi Stephens
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Mental Wellbeing ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mental Health Issues ◽  
Community Singing

Purpose Clift and Morrison (2011) report that weekly singing over eight months for people with enduring mental health issues led to clinically important reductions in mental distress. The purpose of this paper is to test the robustness of the earlier findings. Design/methodology/approach Four community singing groups for people with mental health issues ran weekly from November 2014 to the end of 2015. Evaluation place over a six-month period using two validated questionnaires: the short Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation (CORE-10) questionnaire, and the Warwick Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale (WEMWBS). Findings In all, 26 participants completed baseline and follow-up questionnaires. CORE-10 scores were significantly reduced, and WEMWBS scores significantly increased. Comparisons with the earlier study found a similar pattern of improvements on CORE items that are part of the “problems” sub-scale in the full CORE questionnaire. There was also evidence from both studies of participants showing clinically important improvements in CORE-10 scores. Research limitations/implications The main limitations of the study are a small sample size and the lack of a randomised control group. Originality/value No attempts have been made previously to directly test the transferability of a singing for health model to a new geographical area and to evaluate outcomes using the same validated measure.

Locked down and drinking? Are more people self-identifying as having mental health difficulties alongside their drinking via an online platform?

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Calcan ◽  
Mark Holmes
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Treatment ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Treatment Needs ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Digital Service ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to offer a viewpoint on the impact that the COVID-19 pandemic has had on people’s engagement with an online alcohol service in the UK. This paper examines whether self-reported mental health concerns increased during the pandemic compared to pre-pandemic times. Design/methodology/approach A comparison was made between service data captured in one contract area – West Sussex, England – pre-pandemic (April 2019 to March 2020) and during pandemic (April 2020 to March 2021). Findings Self-reported mental health treatment needs increased during the pandemic period (71.2% of presentations compared to 50% pre-pandemic) via the online coaching service. Male referrals increased by 74% during the pandemic period compared to the previous year. Female referrals decreased by 4% in the same time period. Feelings of shame and guilt as well as loss of a confidential space to engage in online interventions were common concerns reported by service users. Research limitations/implications Research limitations include the relatively small sample size, the sample comprised of self-referred treatment seeking clients, and there was no control group. All data collected is self-report therefore subjective and not necessarily meeting diagnostic criteria. Practical implications Of note was the impact of the pandemic on women and their reduced access to the online service during the pandemic. Commissioners and services must adapt their service design and delivery alongside the new “normal” way of living and working. Routine screening of mental health and alcohol use are recommended. Originality/value This paper offers insight from an established online/digital service and the impact of the pandemic on people’s engagement with the service.

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