scholarly journals Transition from school-based training in VET

2017 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianne Dæhlen
Keyword(s):  
Child Welfare ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Drop Out ◽  
Vocational Education And Training ◽  
After School ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
School Based ◽  
Drop Out Rate ◽  
Average Marginal Effects

Purpose This paper assesses the drop-out rate among disadvantaged students within vocational education and training. The purpose of this paper is to examine the probability of dropping out after school-based training for child welfare clients – a particularly disadvantaged group of youth. Child welfare clients’ drop-out rate is compared with students from a representative sample of their peers. Design/methodology/approach Average marginal effects were calculated from multinomial logistic regression models. Data were from public registries (n=10,535). Findings The results show that differences in observed characteristics cannot explain differences in drop-out rates between child welfare clients and the majority peers. It is argued that this drop-out rate is likely a result of employers favoring apprenticeship applicants who are similar to them or that child welfare clients lack networks, which previous research has identified as crucial in finding an apprenticeship. Practical implications The results suggest a need for action targeting disadvantaged youths in the transition that follows school-based training. Originality/value The paper adds to the very scarce literature on transition from school-based learning to apprenticeships.

scholarly journals Explaining differences in retirement timing preferences between the solo self-employed and employees

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dieuwke Zwier ◽  
Marleen Damman ◽  
Swenne G. Van den Heuvel
Keyword(s):  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Job Characteristics ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Retirement Savings ◽  
Explanatory Role ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Work From Home ◽  
Retirement Timing ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

PurposePrevious research has shown that self-employed workers are more likely than employees to retire late or to be uncertain about retirement timing. However, little is known about the underlying mechanisms. This study aims to fill this gap, by focusing on the explanatory role of various job characteristics – flexibility, autonomy, skills-job match and job security – for explaining differences in retirement preferences between the solo self-employed and employees.Design/methodology/approachData were used of 8,325 employees and 663 solo self-employed respondents (age 45–64) in the Netherlands, who participated in 2016 in the Study on Transitions in Employment, Ability, and Motivation (STREAM). The outcome variable distinguished between early, on-time, late and uncertain retirement preferences. Multinomial logistic regression models were estimated, and mediation was tested using the Karlson-Holm-Breen (KHB) method.FindingsThe solo self-employed are more likely than employees to prefer late retirement (vs “on-time”) and to be uncertain about their preferred retirement age. Job characteristics mediate 21% of the relationship between solo self-employment and late retirement preferences: the self-employed experience more possibilities than employees to work from home and to choose their own working times, which partly explains why they prefer to retire late.Originality/valueIn discussions about retirement, often reference is made to differences in retirement savings and retirement regulations between the solo self-employed and employees. The current study shows that differences in job characteristics also partly explain the relatively late preferred retirement timing of solo self-employed workers.

Adverse Childhood Experiences and School-Based Victimization and Perpetration

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 662-681 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myriam Forster ◽  
Amy L. Gower ◽  
Barbara J. McMorris ◽  
Iris W. Borowsky
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
School Violence ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
School Based ◽  
Adverse Childhood

Retrospective studies using adult self-report data have demonstrated that adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) increase risk of violence perpetration and victimization. However, research examining the associations between adolescent reports of ACE and school violence involvement is sparse. The present study examines the relationship between adolescent reported ACE and multiple types of on-campus violence (bringing a weapon to campus, being threatened with a weapon, bullying, fighting, vandalism) for boys and girls as well as the risk of membership in victim, perpetrator, and victim–perpetrator groups. The analytic sample was comprised of ninth graders who participated in the 2013 Minnesota Student Survey ( n ~ 37,000). Multinomial logistic regression models calculated the risk of membership for victim only, perpetrator only, and victim–perpetrator subgroups, relative to no violence involvement, for students with ACE as compared with those with no ACE. Separate logistic regression models assessed the association between cumulative ACE and school-based violence, adjusting for age, ethnicity, family structure, poverty status, internalizing symptoms, and school district size. Nearly 30% of students were exposed to at least one ACE. Students with ACE represent 19% of no violence, 38% of victim only, 40% of perpetrator only, and 63% of victim–perpetrator groups. There was a strong, graded relationship between ACE and the probability of school-based victimization: physical bullying for boys but not girls, being threatened with a weapon, and theft or property destruction ( ps < .001) and perpetration: bullying and bringing a weapon to campus ( ps < .001), with boys especially vulnerable to the negative effects of cumulative ACE. We recommend that schools systematically screen for ACE, particularly among younger adolescents involved in victimization and perpetration, and develop the infrastructure to increase access to trauma-informed intervention services. Future research priorities and implications are discussed.

Perceived threat and officer-involved shootings: characteristics leading to fatal vs non-fatal instances

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zavin Nazaretian ◽  
Cedrick Heraux ◽  
David Merolla
Keyword(s):  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Perceived Threat ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Police Shootings ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
The Impact

PurposeThe purpose of this research is to compare the fatality rate of Black and White subjects shot by police. This comparison is meant to explore whether officer-involved shootings (OIS) are impacted more by perceived threat or by demographic characteristics. Beyond race, contextual and officer-level variables are examined for their influence on lethal vs non-lethal police shootings.Design/methodology/approachThe study utilizes data from the Tampa Bay Times database on police shootings in Florida from 2009 through 2014. Our analysis focuses on the substantive importance of this issue, using the population of OIS in one specific state over a specified time period. The authors also including multinomial logistic regression models analyzing the impact of race, contextual and officer-level variables on the lethal outcome of OIS is clear that the police are shooting at two very different populations.FindingsAlthough Black subjects are disproportionately represented as the subjects of OIS, there was no significant difference in the lethality of such incidents based simply on race. However, when we compare Black subjects to White subjects, it is clear that the police are shooting at two very different populations. Black subjects were younger, less likely to be armed, less likely to be under the influence of drugs or alcohol, and less likely to have suspected or known mental health considerations than their White counterparts.Research limitations/implicationsThus, it is possible that any racialized difference in the lethality of police shootings is being suppressed because we are comparing very different groups of subjects to one another.Originality/valueThis paper is the first to examine the racial threat that officers experience past the decision to engage in violence. The authors are looking at how they shoot at minorities vs the decision to shoot at minorities.

University-industry linkages in developing countries: perceived effect on innovation

2016 ◽  
Vol 58 (9) ◽  
pp. 1014-1040 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terje I. Vaaland ◽  
Esther Ishengoma
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Student Perceptions ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
University Industry ◽  
University Industry Linkages

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to assess the perceptions of both universities and the resource-extractive companies on the influence of university-industry linkages (UILs) on innovation in a developing country. Design/methodology/approach A total of 404 respondents were interviewed. Descriptive analysis and multinomial logistic regression models were applied to analyse the data. Findings The findings revealed significant differences between the three informant groups across the three main groups of linkage activities. The industry informants consider all three groups of UILs important for enhancing innovation, in terms of bringing student closer to the industry. The faculty members consider consultancy and research arrangements more important than collaboration, in training and educational activities. The student perceptions on all UIL activities were relatively weak on UIL activities as a vehicle to improve innovation. Research limitations/implications Based on the findings, it seems that the universities should take advantage of a positive attitude among industrial actors and intensify efforts to develop UILs. Practical implications The research can be used for sharpen international oil companies effort towards universities in petroleum rich developing countries. Social implications Implications for policymakers and universities in developing countries, and for the local industrial base. In a broad sense the UIL stimulated innovation has implications on poverty reduction in natural resource-rich host countries. Originality/value Research on UILs in developing countries is rare, particularly in a context in which international companies are faced with host country expectations and legal requirements to invest in knowledge sector and local industry.

A Study of the Factors that Lead to Student Drop-Out: The VET Context

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-132
Author(s):  
Colette Farrugia
Keyword(s):  
Community Setting ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Drop Out ◽  
Vocational Education And Training ◽  
Dropping Out ◽  
Individual Student ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Drop Out Rate ◽  
Course Of Study

This paper aims to investigate different factors which ultimately lead a student in a VET (Vocational, Education, and Training) context to consider dropping out of the course of study. This study was carried out within the Malta College of Art, Science, and Technology (MCAST) as it is Malta’s leading VET institution. In order to address the major problem of school drop-outs, one has to understand why students consider dropping out of college. Identifying the reasons that lead to dropping out is extremely difficult because of the range of factors related to the individual student, the family, the community setting in which the student lives, and the school. The purpose of this study is to explore reasons leading students to consider dropping out in a VET context. It seeks to analyse any relationship between different factors in the life of a student and whether these factors lead a student to consider dropping out of a course of study. ‘The school drop-out rate is an important indicator in assessing the performance of the education system, by level of education. From another perspective analysis, it signals some aspects of social and economic life which can influence people’s access to education’ (Blandul and Abela 2015). Dropping out of school is the ultimate phase in a dynamic and cumulative process of disengagement (Newmann et al. 1992). The main objective of this research is to understand the main factors leading a student to consider dropping out of college in a VET context. It will also investigate what measures can be taken and what can be done within the college to minimize the drop-out rate. The independent variables in this study are the factors which previous studies have shown that they influence the drop-out rate. The dependent variable is the drop-out rate of students at MCAST. This analysis will study the existence of a relationship between these independent variables and the dependent variable.

Is anti-consumption driving meat consumption changes in Australia?

2019 ◽  
Vol 121 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lenka Malek ◽  
Wendy Umberger ◽  
Ellen Goddard
Keyword(s):  
Household Income ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
National Level ◽  
Meat Consumption ◽  
Personal Health ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Consumption Decisions

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to evaluate recent changes made by Australian consumers in their consumption of beef, chicken, pork and lamb, as well as the factors motivating both decreased and increased consumption of each type of meat. Reasons for meat-avoidance are also examined. Design/methodology/approach An online questionnaire was completed in July 2016 by two Australian samples comprising: adults from the general population; and vegetarians. Data were analysed for 287 meat consumers and 82 meat avoiders. Descriptive statistics and results of multinomial logistic regression models are presented. Findings Meat consumers most commonly reported reducing consumption of beef in the last 12 months (30 per cent); followed by lamb (22 per cent), pork (14 per cent) and chicken (8 per cent). The following factors were associated with reductions in meat consumption: concerns regarding price and personal health; age and household income; and food choice motivations related to personal benefits, social factors and food production and origin. Main reasons motivating meat-avoidance were concerns regarding animal welfare, health and environmental protection. Originality/value This is the first Australian study providing national-level insight on how and why meat consumption patterns are changing. Reasons for changes are examined through an anti-consumption lens, investigating rationale for avoiding, reducing and increasing consumption. This provides a more comprehensive understanding of meat consumption and anti-consumption decisions, which are becoming increasingly complex. Insights on the psychologically distinct motivations underpinning avoidance, reductions and increases in meat consumption can inform the development of strategies aimed at promoting a societal-shift towards consumption of more sustainable dietary protein sources.

Entwicklung und Evaluation einer internetbasierten begleiteten Selbsthilfe-Intervention zur Bewältigung von Albträumen

2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Max Böckermann ◽  
Annika Gieselmann ◽  
Marjolijn Sorbi ◽  
Reinhard Pietrowsky
Keyword(s):  
Drop Out ◽  
Drop Out Rate

Hintergrund: Dieser Artikel beschreibt die Entwicklung eines internetbasierten begleiteten Selbsthilfetrainings (Albtraumcoach) zur Bewältigung von Albträumen, das innerhalb zweier Pilotstudien auf seine Durchführbarkeit und Anwendbarkeit getestet wurde. Methoden: Innerhalb eines neunstufigen Modells wird die Entwicklung der Intervention beschrieben. Dabei wird neben der wissenschaftlichen Evidenz, die die Basis für die Intervention bildet, auf technische, ethische, datenschutzrechtliche und weitere spezifische Maßnahmen innerhalb der Interventionsentwicklung eingegangen. In zwei Pilotstudien evaluierten zudem 10 Personen mit schlechten Träumen in der Vergangenheit die Durchführbarkeit (Studie 1) und 12 Personen mit wiederkehrenden Albträumen die Anwendbarkeit sowie den Nutzen der Intervention (Studie 2). Abhängige Variablen waren die Qualität der einzelnen Sitzungen, die Zufriedenheit mit der Intervention sowie Albtraumfrequenz, Albtraumbelastung, Schlafqualität und Depressivität. Ergebnisse und Diskussion: Die Durchführbarkeit und Anwendbarkeit des Trainings wurden positiv beurteilt. Während die Drop-out-Rate verhältnismäßig hoch war, ergaben sich erste, zurückhaltend zu beurteilende, Hinweise für einen Nutzen der Intervention.

Ohrakupunktur in der Therapie alkohol- und substanzbezogener Störungen – eine Übersicht

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 196-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Kunz ◽  
Michael Schulz ◽  
Gabriele Syrbe ◽  
Martin Driessen
Keyword(s):  
Drop Out ◽  
Randomisierte Kontrollierte Studien ◽  
Drop Out Rate ◽  
Kontrollierte Studien ◽  
Methodische Qualität

<B>Fragestellung:</B> Lässt die wissenschaftliche Datenlage positive Behandlungseffekte durch Ohrakupunktur in der Entzugsbehandlung von Alkohol- und Opiatabhängigen erwarten? </P><P> <B>Methodik:</B> Die im Rahmen der Recherche gefundenen Studien bezogen sich auf den Entzug von Alkohol (sechs) und von Kokain und Opiaten (acht). Die Studien wurden auf ihre methodische Qualität hin überprüft. </P><P> <B>Ergebnisse:</B> Es konnten 14 randomisierte kontrollierte Studien (RCT) zu Ohrakupunktur in der Behandlung von Alkohol- und Opiatabhängigkeit identifiziert werden. Dabei weisen die meisten Studien methodische Mängel auf. Ein Vergleich der Studien ist aufgrund unterschiedlicher Paradigmen kaum möglich, die Drop Out Rate liegt häufig über 20%. </P><P> <B>Schlussfolgerung:</B> Insgesamt reicht die verfügbare wissenschaftliche Datenlage nicht aus, um eine positive Wirkung der Akupunktur bei substanzbezogenen Störungen als gesichert anzunehmen.

Effectiveness of Classification Measures in Predicting Achievement in the Israel Defence Forces - Fitness Instruction Trainers Courses as a Case Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 145-172
Author(s):  
Yair Galily ◽  
Orly Kayam ◽  
Michael Bar-Eli
Keyword(s):  
Training System ◽  
Drop Out ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Screening Process ◽  
Training Course ◽  
Drop Out Rate ◽  
Army Service ◽  
Israeli Army ◽  
Israel Defense Forces

Abstract Human resources are the most crucial element in the selection of suitable fitness instruction trainers (FIT) and the results of the screening process impact greatly on the entire physical training system in the Israeli army, both in the short-term and the long-term (potential officers, young officers and developing and veteran officers). The aim of the current study is to examine the effectiveness, validity and reliability of the screening process for acceptance to the female fitness instructors training course in the Israel Defense Forces (IDF). The screening process aims to identify those that are most suitable from a large pool of candidates, in order to ensure the highest possible level of candidates and the lowest possible drop-out rate from the training course and subsequent army service. The paper examines the reliability of the classification exam currently administered in the course and its validity in predicting those candidates who will succeed in the course and in their assignments afterwards. The sample is based on a data analysis of nine screening dates over three years (three each year). The evaluation of validity is based on the relationship between the course entrance exam grades (administered a year before enlistment), exam grades at the beginning of the course and additional data relating to success in the field.

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