University-industry linkages in developing countries: perceived effect on innovation

2016 ◽  
Vol 58 (9) ◽  
pp. 1014-1040 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terje I. Vaaland ◽  
Esther Ishengoma
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Student Perceptions ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
University Industry ◽  
University Industry Linkages

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to assess the perceptions of both universities and the resource-extractive companies on the influence of university-industry linkages (UILs) on innovation in a developing country. Design/methodology/approach A total of 404 respondents were interviewed. Descriptive analysis and multinomial logistic regression models were applied to analyse the data. Findings The findings revealed significant differences between the three informant groups across the three main groups of linkage activities. The industry informants consider all three groups of UILs important for enhancing innovation, in terms of bringing student closer to the industry. The faculty members consider consultancy and research arrangements more important than collaboration, in training and educational activities. The student perceptions on all UIL activities were relatively weak on UIL activities as a vehicle to improve innovation. Research limitations/implications Based on the findings, it seems that the universities should take advantage of a positive attitude among industrial actors and intensify efforts to develop UILs. Practical implications The research can be used for sharpen international oil companies effort towards universities in petroleum rich developing countries. Social implications Implications for policymakers and universities in developing countries, and for the local industrial base. In a broad sense the UIL stimulated innovation has implications on poverty reduction in natural resource-rich host countries. Originality/value Research on UILs in developing countries is rare, particularly in a context in which international companies are faced with host country expectations and legal requirements to invest in knowledge sector and local industry.

scholarly journals Explaining differences in retirement timing preferences between the solo self-employed and employees

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dieuwke Zwier ◽  
Marleen Damman ◽  
Swenne G. Van den Heuvel
Keyword(s):  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Job Characteristics ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Retirement Savings ◽  
Explanatory Role ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Work From Home ◽  
Retirement Timing ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

PurposePrevious research has shown that self-employed workers are more likely than employees to retire late or to be uncertain about retirement timing. However, little is known about the underlying mechanisms. This study aims to fill this gap, by focusing on the explanatory role of various job characteristics – flexibility, autonomy, skills-job match and job security – for explaining differences in retirement preferences between the solo self-employed and employees.Design/methodology/approachData were used of 8,325 employees and 663 solo self-employed respondents (age 45–64) in the Netherlands, who participated in 2016 in the Study on Transitions in Employment, Ability, and Motivation (STREAM). The outcome variable distinguished between early, on-time, late and uncertain retirement preferences. Multinomial logistic regression models were estimated, and mediation was tested using the Karlson-Holm-Breen (KHB) method.FindingsThe solo self-employed are more likely than employees to prefer late retirement (vs “on-time”) and to be uncertain about their preferred retirement age. Job characteristics mediate 21% of the relationship between solo self-employment and late retirement preferences: the self-employed experience more possibilities than employees to work from home and to choose their own working times, which partly explains why they prefer to retire late.Originality/valueIn discussions about retirement, often reference is made to differences in retirement savings and retirement regulations between the solo self-employed and employees. The current study shows that differences in job characteristics also partly explain the relatively late preferred retirement timing of solo self-employed workers.

Graduate leadership students’ perspective on including spiritual topics

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 142-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart Allen ◽  
Peter Williams
Keyword(s):  
Student Perceptions ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Management Education ◽  
Learning Experience ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Student Perspective ◽  
Diversity Awareness ◽  
Context Analysis ◽  
Leadership And Management ◽  
Content Type

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to explore working students’ perspectives on the inclusion of spiritual topics in graduate leadership and management programs at secular, nonreligious, and multifaith universities. The growth in interest in spiritual issues at work and in leadership and management education suggests that spiritual topics have a role to play in leadership and management education, but this has not been systematically researched from a student perspective. Design/methodology/approach – A total of 128 graduate students in leadership and management programs were surveyed using a 22-item rating scale-based questionnaire, with three additional open-ended items. Questions were developed from a survey of the literature. Findings – Descriptive analysis suggests support for the inclusion of spiritual components in courses but emphasizes students’ desire for an unbiased learning experience. Factor analysis not only revealed student perceptions being influenced by openness to and interest in the topic but also identified concern or fear when engaging others in the educational context. Analysis of qualitative results supported the quantitative findings but provided a richer understanding of students’ perceptions of benefits (e.g. diversity awareness) and concerns (e.g. student and instructor bias). Practical implications – This research suggests a role for spiritual topics in management and leadership programs, with appropriate caution, classroom facilitation skill and control of bias by instructors. Originality/value – This study provides a systematic exploration of students’ perspectives on the inclusion of spirituality in graduate leadership and management programs.

scholarly journals Returns on social development initiatives of MNEs: issues and perspectives

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suraksha Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Social Development ◽  
Multinational Enterprises ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Business Practices ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Social Agenda ◽  
Global Partnership ◽  
Developing Markets

Purpose This paper aims to reflect on different issues and perspectives on returns on investments made by MNEs towards social development. Need for an inclusive society drives accountable and effective cooperation between different actors in a market. Although multinational enterprises (MNEs) that operate in developing markets invest in social development, their managers find it very challenging to incorporate social development agenda into their business practices. Therefore, academics should develop business models which can guide thoughts and actions of managers of MNEs towards social development while allowing them to hold on to the business objectives and targets. Design/methodology/approach A review of current literature with available anecdotes about business practices helped the author to form a viewpoint and make recommendations. Findings The objective of the eighth millennium development goal is to promote global partnership between MNEs and domestic firms with or without intervention of a subsidiary. Addressing the particular needs of developing countries, such as capability enhancement or poverty reduction by managers of MNEs in a global setting, becomes a very complex issue. Investments by MNEs in developing countries towards these objectives are driven by different factors such as operational transparency, technological efficiency, investment types, innovation capability, branding strategy, quality assurance, public–private partnership, market-based pricing, reciprocity, distribution for penetration, etc., apart from linkages they create for developing resource-based competencies required for survival in a competitive market. Research limitations/implications Empirical investigation of the viewpoint presented here will be required to convert recommendations into models applicable by managers of MNEs. Practical implications This study will help to enable managers of MNEs to perform need-based socially responsible actions. Social implications This study will facilitate participation of MNEs in social development through their contributions towards poverty reduction and capability enhancement. Originality/value This paper pushes managers and academic scholars to think about the strategies required to incorporate social agenda into business models of MNEs benefiting from developing markets.

A literature survey of community participation in the natural gas sector in developing countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 765-786 ◽  
Author(s):  
Obadia Kyetuza Bishoge ◽  
Lingling Zhang ◽  
Witness Gerald Mushi ◽  
Nametso Matomela
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Community Participation ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Bibliographic Databases ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Step Model ◽  
Informed Society

Purpose This paper aims to analyze the context of community opinions and participation in the natural gas sector in developing countries, a case study of Tanzania. To achieve this purpose, the study pointed out six facts, namely, information on the natural gas sector; awareness of the natural gas-related policies; laws and regulations and the creation of employment opportunities; local experts in the natural gas sector; the use of natural gas revenues; and natural gas for poverty reduction and improvement of social well-being. Design/methodology/approach The study is a systematic review of the literature on community participation based on the relevant studies published between 2010 and 2018. A comprehensive literature review was carried out following the seven-step model whereby relevant themes from different potential bibliographic databases such as Google Scholar were systematically selected, compiled and analyzed using descriptive methods. Findings The study revealed that despite the various efforts made by the governments and other stakeholders to promote community participation, there is an inadequate level of community participation in the natural gas sector in developing countries. There are limited local experts for natural gas operations and low transparency on natural gas contracts, agreements and revenues. Therefore, there is the need to raise awareness for a highly informed society with a clear sense of ownership of the natural gas wealth among the local communities. Moreover, transparency and accountability are recommended for the sustainable natural gas sector development. Originality/value This paper offers new and current cross-sectoral inclusion, opinions, hopes and concerns of the community on the natural gas sector management in developing countries.

Perceived threat and officer-involved shootings: characteristics leading to fatal vs non-fatal instances

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zavin Nazaretian ◽  
Cedrick Heraux ◽  
David Merolla
Keyword(s):  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Perceived Threat ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Police Shootings ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
The Impact

PurposeThe purpose of this research is to compare the fatality rate of Black and White subjects shot by police. This comparison is meant to explore whether officer-involved shootings (OIS) are impacted more by perceived threat or by demographic characteristics. Beyond race, contextual and officer-level variables are examined for their influence on lethal vs non-lethal police shootings.Design/methodology/approachThe study utilizes data from the Tampa Bay Times database on police shootings in Florida from 2009 through 2014. Our analysis focuses on the substantive importance of this issue, using the population of OIS in one specific state over a specified time period. The authors also including multinomial logistic regression models analyzing the impact of race, contextual and officer-level variables on the lethal outcome of OIS is clear that the police are shooting at two very different populations.FindingsAlthough Black subjects are disproportionately represented as the subjects of OIS, there was no significant difference in the lethality of such incidents based simply on race. However, when we compare Black subjects to White subjects, it is clear that the police are shooting at two very different populations. Black subjects were younger, less likely to be armed, less likely to be under the influence of drugs or alcohol, and less likely to have suspected or known mental health considerations than their White counterparts.Research limitations/implicationsThus, it is possible that any racialized difference in the lethality of police shootings is being suppressed because we are comparing very different groups of subjects to one another.Originality/valueThis paper is the first to examine the racial threat that officers experience past the decision to engage in violence. The authors are looking at how they shoot at minorities vs the decision to shoot at minorities.

Can university-industry linkages stimulate student employability?

2016 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther Ishengoma ◽  
Terje I. Vaaland
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Foreign Companies ◽  
Perceived Effects ◽  
Adoption And Diffusion ◽  
University Industry

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to identify important university-industry linkage (UIL) activities that can stimulate the likelihood of employability among students. Design/methodology/approach – A total of 404 respondents located in Tanzania, comprising students, faculty members and employees from 20 companies operating within the oil and gas industry and mining constitute the empirical basis for the study. Descriptive analysis, the Mann-Whitney U-test and a Kruskal-Wallis test were applied to help analyse the data. Findings – The results reveal that UIL activities were strongly perceived to raise the employability of students, in particular student internships in companies followed by joint projects and the involvement of companies in modernizing university curricula. Adoption and diffusion internship strategies are suggested for foreign companies and for local firm, respectively, as vehicles for increasing employability. Research limitations/implications – Perceived effects on the likelihood of employability are measured, and not actual effects. Practical implications – The findings have implications for foreign companies exploring resources in the host country, local firms trying to improve competitiveness, universities trying to improve its role in society, students preparing for work-life and policy makers defining premises for resource-extractive foreign companies. Originality/value – Very few empirical studies of UILs have previously been carried out in a developing country context, and in particular in dealing with student employability. The fact that many developing nations have attractive rich natural resources implies that international companies have a motive to invest in the UILs, and possess valuable competencies that can improve the overall quality of the universities and the attractiveness of graduating students.

Government-driven university-industry linkages in an emerging country: the case of China

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dejin Su ◽  
Dayong Zhou ◽  
Chunlin Liu ◽  
Lanlan Kong
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Technological Progress ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Knowledge Based Economy ◽  
University Industry ◽  
University Industry Linkages

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to analyze and summarize the development of science and technology (S & T) policies in China from a government-driven perspective in chronological order. To develop knowledge-based economy, China enacts a range of S & T policies since “Reform and Open Policy” started in 1978. Furthermore, it investigates the overall effects of these S & T policies on university-industry linkages (UILs). Design/methodology/approach – This paper conducts an analysis framework of S & T policies in historical sequence to explain how government drives UILs to stimulate technological progress and economic growth in China. Findings – More than a site for high-quality workforce education and knowledge spread, universities as an important part of national innovation are required to participate in economic activities. Considering that most Chinese universities are national, S & T policies with particular regard to university technology transfer would be more important and essential. This research finds that S & T policies enacted by government have made critical contributions to UILs in economic transition period, such as improving academic faculty, enhancing university–industry collaborations and supporting university spin-off formation. The experiences of China suggest that government should enact more effective S & T policies in the knowledge-based economy era. Practical implications – First, universities need to educate high-level human resources that are important for economic growth and social development. Second, universities need to engage in R & D activities and enhance their collaboration with industries, such as consulting services, research contracts with industry, patent licensing and other general knowledge commercial mechanisms. Third, universities also can directly transfer commercial knowledge to start up new businesses by itself or in partnership with industrial sectors. Without doubt, a series of S & T policies or programs enacted by China’s government to drive entrepreneurship continuously played critical role in the UILs over the past 26 years. Originality/value – This paper is a pioneering work on how S & T policies enacted by government drive UILs to stimulate technological progress in transitional China.

Capacity Building for University–Industry Linkages in Developing Countries

2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Schiller ◽  
Peter Brimble
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Capacity Building ◽  
Critical Success Factors ◽  
Success Factors ◽  
Interesting Case ◽  
Institution Building ◽  
Critical Success ◽  
The Impact ◽  
University Industry ◽  
University Industry Linkages

The aim of this article is to analyse the impact of academic capacity building on university–industry–linkages (UILs) and to identify a set of critical success factors to guide improvements of university–industry knowledge transfers in developing countries. Extensive empirical evidence from a unique case of academic institution building and efforts to improve UILs in the context of a developing country—the Thai Higher Education Development Project (HEDP)—is used. Since the Thai HEDP combines the enhancement of both core academic missions and UIL activities within newly founded centres, it provides an interesting case study to support the cross-fertilization of ideas and academic entrepreneurship. The article is organised as follows: (i) A generic overview of UILs in Thailand is presented to place the establishment and evolution of the centres into perspective; (ii) The quantitative relevance of UILs at the centres is measured and considered by looking at their sources of income generation; (iii) Approaches and best practices of the centres towards UILs are discussed with the help of qualitative analysis; (iv) The empirical results are used to identify critical success factors for UILs, and their potential for cross-fertilisation of academic tasks in developing countries.

Knowledge management barriers, practices and maturity model

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 1053-1074 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Lotti Oliva
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Knowledge Management ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Multivariate Analyses ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Maturity Model ◽  
Content Type

Purpose – This paper aims to discuss the barriers and practices associated with knowledge management (KM), which is characterized as an important management tool to add value to products and services of companies and, thus, allow them to become more competitive and unique, of large Brazilian companies. Design/methodology/approach – As a conceptual framework, the author adopted the main theories on KM to extract the barriers and practices included in the literature, aiming to confirm them through quantitative research with managers from large Brazilian companies. Based on the responses obtained, the author conducted several multivariate analyses, including descriptive analysis, factor analysis, cluster analysis and multinomial logistic regression. Findings – In addition to presenting the main barriers and key practices associated with KM, our main result also presents a model for the evaluation of the level of maturity in KM based on the practices adopted by large Brazilian companies. Originality/value – The main result presents a model for the evaluation of the level of maturity in KM based on the practices adopted by large Brazilian companies.

scholarly journals Innovation for development and poverty reduction: an integrative literature review

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Pansera ◽  
Fabien Martinez
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Science And Technology Studies ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Bottom Of The Pyramid ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Innovation Research ◽  
Key Innovation ◽  
Thought Patterns

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to develop a critical analysis of the innovation discourse, arguing that a more contextualised understanding of the challenges of innovation for development and poverty reduction in low-income economies will help the authors’ to unravel new development opportunities and provide alternatives to conventional capitalist paths to innovation. Design/methodology/approach The authors offer an integrative review of the literature addressing the topic of innovation emerging from within developing countries. Because existing innovation models are generally presented in ways that reflect practices and thought patterns inherent to the industrialised world, a literature review that offers an initial conceptualisation and synthesis of the literature to date on the theme of innovation from within developing countries provides for a more valuable contribution than a reconceptualization of existing models. Findings The paper highlights different narratives of innovation, how they emerge and what are their implications. The authors outline a research agenda for generating new knowledge about innovation capabilities in what is generally known as the developing world. Originality/value This paper shows that the recent evolution of the discourse of development is increasingly intertwined with elements that originated in other discursive worlds. The last three decades of innovation research have been characterised by a “cross-pollination” between different disciplines: development studies, science and technology studies, business management and organisation studies. By reviewing major research works conducted by scholars in these disciplines, this paper weds literature that heretofore have remained largely isolated from each other. The key innovation narratives that the study unveils – e.g. inclusive growth, bottom of the pyramid, grassroots innovation – address major questions of concern to these academic scholars around the political and socio-technical aspects that influence a firm’s capacity to innovate in the context of developing countries.

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