Finite element simulation on the relationship between pressure and displacement for the waist of elastic pantyhose

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Dan ◽  
Zhen Shi
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Lumbar Vertebrae ◽  
Objective Evaluation ◽  
Quadratic Equation ◽  
New Method ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Displacement Distribution ◽  
The Relationship

PurposeObjective appraisal of pressure comfort is the key point of optimal designing of clothing. The purpose of this paper is to study a new method to provide pressure comfort for the waist of elastic pantyhose through the relationship between pressure and displacement using the finite element method (FEM).Design/methodology/approachThis paper presented a simulation model of the waist cross section consisting of three parts, namely skin, soft tissue and lumbar vertebrae, respectively, according to CT scan. The finite element the model of waist cross-section was established using Mimics software. The pressure–displacement quadratic equation can be obtained using ANSYS software and fitting curves. Meanwhile, we divide the waist cross-section into 12 equal regions according to angle, and then the area shrinkage mass of the waist cross-section can be calculated, respectively.FindingsIn this research work, we got the displacement distribution trend of elastic pantyhose at the waist cross section according to the area shrinkage mass of 12 regions, and this displacement could be used as an objective evaluation index for pressure comfort. All these solutions supply a theoretical reference for optimal design of the women's elastic pantyhose.Originality/valueThe paper analyzed the relationship between pressure and displacement for the waist of elastic pantyhose using FEM, and then got the displacement distribution trend of elastic pantyhose at the waist cross section according to the area shrinkage mass of different regions. It can supply a new method to appraise pressure comfort.

Study on the relationship between pressure and stiffness coefficient, and elastic elongation of the top part of men’s socks using finite element method

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 751-766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Dan ◽  
Xuerong Fan ◽  
Zhen Shi ◽  
Mei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Method ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Lower Leg ◽  
Elastic Contact ◽  
Stiffness Coefficient ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to study a new method to appraise pressure comfort through displacement distribution, and then explore the relationship between pressure and stiffness coefficient, and elastic elongation of the top part of men’s socks using finite element method. Design/methodology/approach – Through 3D body scanning, a biomechanical lower leg cross-section model is constructed for simulating elastic contact between human body and top part of socks. The human body is regarded as an elastomer and the contact between lower leg and top part of socks is elastic contact, displacement distribution tendency under pressure can be obtained using ANSYS, and the elastic elongation of top part of socks after putting on was calculated based on the displacement values. In this research work, the authors discuss in details with the relationship between pressure and stiffness coefficient, and elastic elongation of top part of socks. Findings – In this research work, the mathematical equation of pressure is obtained which describe the relationship between pressure and stiffness coefficient, and elastic elongation of top part of socks. The results indicated that the predictive values of pressure show good agreement with measured ones after χ2 test. All these solutions supply a theory basis for forecasting of the clothing pressure. Research limitations/implications – This paper is unconcerned with the simulating of pressure distribution and variation trend when dressing during the course of walking and running. Originality/value – The paper provides a finite element simulation model of lower leg cross-section located at the top part of men’s socks, and study the relationship between pressure and stiffness coefficient, and elastic elongation of top part of socks. It can supply a new method to appraise pressure comfort.

Finite element simulation on clothing pressure and body deformation of the top part of men’s socks using curve fitting equations

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mei Zhang ◽  
Henan Dong ◽  
Xuerong Fan ◽  
Rui Dan
Keyword(s):  
Functional Equation ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Contact Pressure ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Curve Fitting ◽  
Lower Leg ◽  
Quadratic Functional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Variation Tendency

Purpose – Objective appraisal of pressure comfort is the basement of optimal design of clothing. The purpose of this paper is to study a new method to appraise pressure comfort through displacement distribution, and then explored the multiple relationship between pressure and displacement on the lower leg cross-section using finite element method (FEM) and curve fitting. Design/methodology/approach – This paper presented a 2D simulation model of the lower leg cross-section consisting of three layer different mechanical properties, namely skin, soft tissue, and bone. Analyzed the relationship and variation tendency between contact pressure and strain, calculated the multiple relationship between pressure and displacement on the lower leg cross-section where located at the top part of men’s socks in detail, and then obtained the quadratic functional equation between angle and pressure/displacement ratio through segmented curve fitting using Origin 7.5 software. Findings – In this research work, the mathematical equation is obtained which describe the relationship between angle and pressure/displacement of the top part of men’s socks. On the premise of the known contact pressure values on the lower leg cross-section, the corresponding displacement values on the human body surface can be obtained by the functional equation under stress, and this displacement could be used as an objective evaluation index for pressure comfort. Based on these conclusions, the authors could provide theoretical reference for pressure prediction and optimizing the design of clothing. Research limitations/implications – This paper is unconcerned with the simulating of pressure, strain, and displacement distribution when dressing during the course of walking and running. Originality/value – The paper analyzed the relationship and variation tendency between contact pressure and strain using FEM, and then obtained the quadratic functional equation between angle and pressure/displacement ratio of the top part of socks. It can supply a new method to appraise pressure comfort.

Numerical simulation of the area shrinkage mass for the waist of elastic pantyhose by using FEM

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 244-254
Author(s):  
Rui Dan ◽  
Zhen Shi
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Optimization Design ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Objective Evaluation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Structural Improvement ◽  
Clothing Pressure ◽  
Pressure Sense

Purpose The area shrinkage of the body under pressure is very important to evaluate the comfort of pressure sense, and it is an important index that appraises compression garment. The purpose of this paper is to obtain the area shrinkage mass of the waist cross section by using the finite-element method (FEM), and the waist of women’s pantyhose could be designed with a different degree of elasticity during the course of design based on clothing pressure comfort. Design/methodology/approach This study aimed at the problems existing in the wearing of women’s elastic pantyhose, took the waist of pantyhose as the research object, and the contact between human body and pantyhose as elastic contact. The finite-element model of the waist cross section and elastic pantyhose fabric was acquired through CT scan and Mimics software. After simulating on the corresponding displacement distribution of the waist of sample elastic pantyhose during the process of dressing by using ANSYS, the authors divided the waist cross section into 24 equal regions according to angle (every 15 degrees as a region), and then the area shrinkage mass of each region was obtained by area calculation formula. According to the tendency of area shrinkage distribution, the waist of women’s elastic pantyhose could be designed for different regions of tension considering the pressure comfort, so as to guarantee that the wearing comfort can be maintained on the premise of ensuring the functionality of the elastic pantyhose. Findings In this paper, the authors obtained the area shrinkage mass of elastic pantyhose at waist cross section, and this area shrinkage distribution could be used as an objective evaluation index for pressure comfort. All these solutions are of great significance to the optimization design of pantyhose and can provide theoretical basis for the structural improvement of functional pantyhose and the prediction of clothing pressure. Originality/value This paper simulated the area shrinkage mass for the waist of elastic pantyhose by using FEM, and the waist of women’s elastic pantyhose could be designed for different regions of tension considering the pressure comfort according to the area shrinkage distribution tendency, so as to guarantee the wearing comfort during the wearing process.

The role of salesperson brand selling confidence in enhancing important sales management outcomes: a social identity approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bashar S. Gammoh ◽  
Michael L. Mallin ◽  
Ellen Bolman Pullins ◽  
Catherine M. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Sales Management ◽  
Measurement Model ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Social Identity Approach

Purpose The purpose of the study is to address the gap in understanding how the brand influences sales outcomes by focusing one’s attention on the salesperson perceptions of the brand and the salesperson brand selling confidence. Design/methodology/approach The study uses a cross-section survey of professional salespeople. SmartPLS was used to estimate the measurement model and test the hypothesized path relationships. Findings The study’s results indicate that salespeople who believe in the strength of the brands they represent are more likely to identify with the brand, are more confident in selling the brand and, overall, tend to perform better, have higher job satisfaction and are more committed to their companies. Originality/value This paper contributes to the sales literature by further exploring the relationship between the brand and sales function in the firm. This area has recently received academic attention but has not yet considered the mediating processes that connect the two areas. This study identifies perceptions of brand strength and brand selling confidence as mechanisms that mediate the impact of brand on sales outcomes.

Fatigue damage in bending of reinforced concrete frames using non-destructive tests for dynamic strength of the cylinder

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dragan D. Milašinović ◽  
Aleksandar Landović ◽  
Danica Goleš
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Method ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Fatigue Damage ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Modal Parameters ◽  
The Finite Element Method ◽  
Concrete Frames ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Non Destructive

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to contribute to the solution of the fatigue damage problem of reinforced concrete frames in bending.Design/methodology/approachThe problem of fatigue damage is formulated based on the rheological–dynamical analogy, including a scalar damage variable to address the reduction of stiffness in strain softening. The modal analysis is used by the finite element method for the determination of modal parameters and resonance stability of the selected frame cross-section. The objectivity of the presented method is verified by numerical examples, predicting the ductility in bending of the frame whose basic mechanical properties were obtained by non-destructive testing systems.FindingsThe modal analysis in the frame of the finite element method is suitable for the determination of modal parameters and resonance stability of the selected frame cross-section. It is recommended that the modulus of elasticity be determined by non-destructive methods, e.g. from the acoustic response.Originality/valueThe paper presents a novel method of solving the ductility in bending taking into account both the creep coefficient and the aging coefficient. The rheological-dynamical analogy (RDA) method uses the resonant method to find material properties. The characterization of the structural damping via the damping ratio is original and effective.

Modal Velocity-Based Multiaxial Fatigue Damage Evaluation Using Simplified Finite Element Models

2020 ◽  
Vol 87 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kurthan Kersch ◽  
Elmar Woschke
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Fatigue Damage ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Multiaxial Fatigue ◽  
Finite Element Models ◽  
Damage Evaluation ◽  
Geometric Factors ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
General Method

Abstract This work proposes a new method for the fatigue damage evaluation of vibrational loads, based on preceding investigations on the relationship between stresses and modal velocities. As a first step, the influence of the geometry on the particular relationship is studied. Therefore, an analytic expression for Euler Bernoulli beams with a non-constant cross section is derived. Afterward, a general method for obtaining geometric factors from finite element (FE) models is proposed. In order to ensure a fast fatigue damage evaluation, strongly simplified FE-models are used for the determination of both factors and measurement locations. The entire method is demonstrated on three mechanical structures and indicates a better compromise between effort and accuracy than existing methods. For all examples, the usage of velocities and geometric factors obtained from simplified FE models enables a sufficient fatigue damage calculation.

A comparison of radiographic methods of diagnosing constrictive lesions of the spinal canal

1978 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 360-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Judith Donovan Post ◽  
Fredie P. Gargano ◽  
Donald Q. Vining ◽  
Hubert L. Rosomoff
Keyword(s):  
Computerized Tomography ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Spinal Canal ◽  
Relative Effectiveness ◽  
Ct Scanning ◽  
New Method ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Sectional Anatomy ◽  
Fine Print

✓ With the advent of computerized tomography (CT), a new method of visualizing the spinal canal in cross-section has been created. Before the introduction of CT scanning, evaluation of the cross-sectional anatomy of the spinal canal was accomplished chiefly by the Toshiba unit. This study compares these two forms of tomography and discusses their relative effectiveness in diagnosing constrictive lesions of the spinal canal.

3D-FEM computation and experimental study of eddy currents for characterization of surface cracks

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 603-610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salaheddine Harzallah ◽  
Mohamed Chabaat
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Eddy Current ◽  
Eddy Currents ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Main Idea ◽  
Shape Reconstruction ◽  
Finite Element Discretization ◽  
3D Fem ◽  
Element Discretization ◽  
Content Type

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present a new approach for computing by measuring and testing related 3D Eddy currents. In the process, a magnetic vector is formulated from the theoretical setup and obtained results from relevant applications are checked for the consistency of the theory. Besides, cracks detection as well as its propagation is studied through the two parameters: SIF and J-integral. A simulation by a numerical approach using finite-element discretization of 3D governing equations is employed to detect damaged zones and cracks. This approach has been used in the aircraft industry to control cracks. Besides, it makes it possible to highlight the defects of parts while preserving the integrity of the controlled products. Obtained results are compared and agreed with those of other researchers. Design/methodology/approach Finite-element discretization of 3D for solving problem in eddy current testing is presented in this paper. The main idea is the introduction of categorization for the shape reconstruction using the non-destructive testing by 3D-EC. The results are presented for a simple eddy current problem using the finite-element method as an experimental support. Findings In this research work, results of the various cases of simulation have been obtained. From these results of various boxes of simulation, one can conclude that the calculation of the impedance in only one point is not enough to confirm the presence or the absence of a defect for materials. Then, this confirmation leads us to the calculation of the impedance along the plate. The detection of an external defect requires the energy of the sensor by high frequencies .The position of defect (internal, in the middle, external) has a large effect on the impedance. The use of this sensor type in industrial application is frequent because of its precision (minimal error) and its low costs. The major disadvantage of this type of sensor lies in the fact that it is unable to detect a defect. Originality/value This paper fulfills an identified need to detect cracks in materials and eventually to study their propagation.

A finite element analysis of an elastic contact between a layered cylindrical hollow roller and flat contact

2017 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitul Thakorbhai Solanki ◽  
Dipak Vakharia
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Roller Bearing ◽  
Von Mises Stress ◽  
Elastic Contact ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Contact Width ◽  
Flat Contact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present a finite element analysis (FEA) which shows the comparison between a layered cylindrical hollow roller bearing and hollow roller bearing. Design/methodology/approach In this work, FEA is carried out to solve the elastic contact between a layered cylindrical hollow roller and flat contact for different hollowness percentages ranging from 10 to 80 per cent. Graphical solution is developed to determine the optimum hollowness of a cylindrical roller bearing for which induced bending stress should be within endurance limit of the material. Findings Different parameters such as von Mises stress, contact pressure, contact width and deformation are shown here. Originality/value The value of this research work is the calculation of contact width and other parameters using FEA for layered cylindrical hollow roller bearing.

Cointegration-causality analysis between terrorism and key macroeconomic indicators

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (8) ◽  
pp. 664-682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aisha Ismail ◽  
Shehla Amjad
Keyword(s):  
Research Work ◽  
Cointegration Analysis ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Macroeconomic Indicators ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is two folds: first, to analyze the long-run relationship between terrorism and key macroeconomic indicators (GDP growth, GDP per capita, inflation and unemployment) and second, to determine the direction of causality between these variables in Pakistan. Design/methodology/approach – The relationship between terrorism and various macroeconomic indicators is analyzed by applying Johansen cointegration analysis. Furthermore, the causality between terrorism and macroeconomic indicators is tested by applying Toda Yamamoto Granger causality test. Findings – The results show that there exists a long-run relationship between terrorism and key macroeconomic indicators. Furthermore, the results suggest that there exists a bi-directional causality between terrorism and inflation. The causality between GDP per capita, unemployment, GDP growth and terrorism is unidirectional. Originality/value – There is a lack of research work conducted to analyze the long-run relationship and direction of causation between terrorism and various macroeconomic indicators specifically for Pakistan. The current paper fills the gap in the literature by using sophisticated econometric techniques and recent data set to provide the evidence of the relationship between terrorism and various macroeconomic indicators.

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