Effects of public employment services on labor transitions: an analysis for the Spanish case

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (7) ◽  
pp. 996-1015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Suárez ◽  
Begoña Cueto ◽  
Matías Mayor
Keyword(s):  
Dropout Prevention ◽  
Unobserved Heterogeneity ◽  
Multinomial Logit Model ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Public Employment ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Employment Services ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Dynamic Framework

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the influence of public employment services (PES) on transitions from unemployment. Design/methodology/approach – The likelihood of exit from unemployment is explained by a multinomial logit model which takes into account the target state of the transition (unemployment, employment or inactivity). In order to analyze the unobserved heterogeneity, the model has been estimated using a Generalized Linear Latent and Mixed Models. Findings – The analysis suggests that the contribution of PES to improving labor market outcomes is low in the case of transitions to employment. Nevertheless, PES play an important role in workforce dropout prevention. Practical implications – The results suggest that redesign and modernization are needed to improve PES performance. More intensive job counselling should be provided so that PES get beyond workforce dropout prevention and start having clear positive effects on placement. Target groups should be defined more clearly so as to ensure sustainable transitions for individuals at risk of exclusion. PES should focus on the most disadvantaged jobseekers and those who need more help to get jobs. Originality/value – First, the results highlight the role PES play in reducing inactivity rates. Second, this is the first study in Spain that uses Labor Force Survey (LFS) data to evaluate PES in a dynamic framework. The LFS is the only data source which allows us to relate people registered unemployed to people considered unemployed by international standards.

scholarly journals The efficiency of public employment services: a matching frontiers approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (81) ◽  
pp. 169-183
Author(s):  
Jose F. Baños ◽  
Ana Rodriguez-Alvarez ◽  
Patricia Suarez-Cano
Keyword(s):  
Unobserved Heterogeneity ◽  
Random Parameter ◽  
Information Criteria ◽  
Public Employment ◽  
Employment Services ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Public ◽  
Random Parameter Model ◽  
Stochastic Matching ◽  
Office Level

Purpose This paper aims to model the efficiency of labour offices belonging to the public employment services (PESs) in Spain using a stochastic matching frontier approach. Design/methodology/approach With this aim in mind, the authors apply a random parameter model approach to control for observed and unobserved heterogeneity. Findings Results indicate that when the information criteria of the estimates are analysed, it improves by controlling both, observed and unobserved heterogeneity in the inefficiency term. Also, results suggest that counsellors improve the productivity of labour offices and that the share of unemployed skilled persons, unemployed persons aged 44 or younger, as well as the share of unemployed persons in the construction sector, all affect the technical efficiency of PESs offices. Originality/value The model extends the previous specifications in the matching literature that capture only observed heterogeneity. Moreover, as far as the authors know, it is the first paper that estimates a matching frontier for the Spanish case. Finally, the database they use is at the office level and includes the work carried out by counsellors, which is a novelty in the analysis of this type of studies at the Spanish level.

scholarly journals Employment effects of investments in public employment services for disadvantaged social assistance recipients

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rasmus Ravn ◽  
Kristian Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Labour Force ◽  
Social Assistance ◽  
Target Group ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Public Employment ◽  
Difference In Differences ◽  
Employment Services ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
What Works ◽  
Active Labour

Across the OECD countries, there is a growing consensus in favour of targeting active labour market policies (ALMP) on the disadvantaged unemployed and persons outside the labour force to increase their employment prospects. Despite increased efforts, little is known about what works for getting persons with physical, mental, and social problems into employment. Using difference-in-differences regressions and propensity score matching on longitudinal population register data from Denmark, we investigate the effects of investment in public employment services for disadvantaged social assistance recipients, where social worker caseloads have been severely reduced and active employment measures for the target group have intensified. We find significant and robust positive effects of intervention on subsequent employment outcomes for disadvantaged, hard-to-employ social assistance recipients, suggesting the need for an increased focus on this target group in future research and in the design and implementation of ALMPs.

scholarly journals Rural Transformation and Labor Market Outcomes among Rural Youths in Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 13794
Author(s):  
Adedoyin Mistura Rufai ◽  
Adebayo Isaiah Ogunniyi ◽  
Kabir Kayode Salman ◽  
Mutiat Bukola Salawu ◽  
Abiodun Olusola Omotayo
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Unobserved Heterogeneity ◽  
Labor Market Outcomes ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Rural Transformation ◽  
Positive Effects

In Nigeria, unemployment in rural areas translates to economic problems, such as high levels of rural–urban migration. Interventions aimed at promoting rural transformation and development are designed to generate employment by promoting the growth of sectors such as manufacturing and services in rural areas. In this study, the General Household Survey (GHS) panel data for the post-planting and post-harvest periods of the 2011/2012 and 2015/2016 cropping seasons for Nigeria was used to investigate developments in rural areas in Nigeria between 2011 and 2015, and identified how these developments influenced labor market outcomes among rural youths. Fixed effect models were employed to control for unobserved heterogeneity that may exist because of the different years in the data used. Key levers of sustainable social and economic development, such as access to finance, health services, markets, and infrastructure such as electricity, were considered. The empirical results from the study revealed that being educated as well as having access to infrastructure and information had positive effects on the number of youths that took up wage/salary employment in the rural areas. The study concluded that the diversification of youths into other sectors would have higher growth effects on the development of rural areas, as they can invest more in agriculture, while also reducing the level of dependence on the sector. The study recommends an increase in budgetary allocations for education and rural development projects, with a special focus on electricity and financial institutions, while increasing access to information on available job opportunities.

Residents’ perceptions of a World Heritage property: a multivariate analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 212-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lina Lourenço-Gomes ◽  
João Fernandes Rebelo ◽  
Cristina Ribeiro
Keyword(s):  
Multinomial Logit Model ◽  
World Heritage ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
World Heritage Site ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Property A ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyse the impact of a World Heritage site (WHS) nomination as perceived by a specific group in a community, namely, the residents of the Alto Douro Wine Region. Design/methodology/approach The primary data were gathered through a face-to-face questionnaire, and the data analysis was performed using multivariate statistical methodologies (categorical principal components and cluster analysis) and the multinomial logit model. Findings Since the UNESCO nomination, the economic return was perceived as higher for almost half of the owners within the viticulture activity, for over half (56 per cent) within the tourism activity sector, and for 38 per cent in commerce. The general benefits mainly contributed to the residents’ positive view of the UNESCO’s classification. The viticulture activity negatively influences the perceived impact of listing on economic revenue. This is a very interesting and disturbing conclusion, since it suggests that not all grape-growers are feeling positive effects from the UNESCO nomination. Originality/value This paper contributes to the ongoing debate on the WHS perceived effects by local residents. Methodologically, the paper presents a more refined analysis compared to most existing studies. By performing group segmentation, the paper provides more generalised information on community perceptions, bringing forward detailed knowledge about the interests of distinct groups such as wine makers, residents employed in tourism industry and commerce.

Performance auditing in Germany concerning environmental issues

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dietmar Weihrich
Keyword(s):  
International Standards ◽  
International Studies ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Public ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Efficiency And Effectiveness ◽  
Performance Audit ◽  
Performance Auditing

Purpose This paper aims to provide knowledge concerning performance auditing by examining the implementation in Germany. The text shows how the principles of performance auditing are implemented in Germany. The German approach is special because the international standards are not implemented in Germany, and there are neither any existing scientific studies nor any other literature concerning performance audit in Germany. Design/methodology/approach The study comprises a general discussion of the goals and boundaries of performance auditing with an environmental perspective based on a literature study. The text also describes the theoretical, legal and methodological background of performance audits in Germany. Findings concerning the status quo of performance auditing in Germany are based on an analysis of audits conducted by public audit institutions. The findings were compared with findings from other current international studies. Findings The sample of scrutinized audits conducted by the public audit institutions shows clearly that the provisions of the German Federal Budget Code had been fully implemented. In nearly every study, implications of economy, efficiency and effectiveness have been considered. Hence, even without any references to the international standards, the core principles of performance audit are considered in the audits conducted by the public audit institutions in Germany. The main focus in the audits had been placed on the efficiency and effectiveness. It is also very remarkable how far-reaching the findings of the audits in Germany are. Especially, in terms of scrutinized subsidy directives, the public audit institutions are not reducing their recommendations to the implementation of the granting-process but to the directives itself. Research limitations/implications The paper highlights a sample of studies which is limited in terms of quantity because it focused on audits related to environmental protection. Practical implications The study provides knowledge on how audits are conducted by public audit institutions in Germany. In doing so, it is particularly helpful for people dealing with public audits, especially in the government and the audit institutions. Social implications The paper examines the role of public audit institutions that contribute to a more efficient and an effective deployment of public expenditures. The goal is to avoid wasting public means by using it without causing positive effects. This is the basis for a socially just usage of public means. Originality/value The paper contributes to a better understanding of performance auditing in general. As there are no documented scientific studies or other papers concerning the implementation of performance audit in Germany, the paper is of high-innovatory value. The findings are very important to the further development of performance audit. In addition, by depicting the role of public audit institutions in Germany, it allows comparisons to the situation in other countries.

Do globalisation and adoption of IFRS by banks in Africa lead to less earnings management?

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 222-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Amidu ◽  
Haruna Issahaku
Keyword(s):  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Information Quality ◽  
Accounting Information ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Financial Reporting Standards ◽  
Accounting Information Quality ◽  
National Economies

Purpose This paper aims to analyse the implications of globalisation and the adoption of international standards (International Financial Reporting Standards [IFRS]) for accounting information quality. Design/methodology/approach This paper uses a sample of 329 banks across 29 countries leading up to and beyond the implementation of IFRS to test for related hypotheses. Findings First, banks’ financial statements are prepared on the basis of international standards as national economies are integrated when social norms are diffused. Building on these results, the second test suggests that the relatively high-quality earnings among banks in Africa during the period is attributable to the adoption of and interaction of IFRS with globalisation and the strategy of banks to diversify within and across interest and non-interest income. Originality/value The authors investigate how globalisation and the adoption of IFRS affect accounting information quality.

scholarly journals In VitroActivity of Glucosinolates and Their Degradation Products against Brassica-Pathogenic Bacteria and Fungi

2014 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 432-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Sotelo ◽  
M. Lema ◽  
P. Soengas ◽  
M. E. Cartea ◽  
P. Velasco
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Allyl Isothiocyanate ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Soil Pathogens ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Positive Effects

ABSTRACTGlucosinolates (GSLs) are secondary metabolites found inBrassicavegetables that confer on them resistance against pests and diseases. Both GSLs and glucosinolate hydrolysis products (GHPs) have shown positive effects in reducing soil pathogens. Information about theirin vitrobiocide effects is scarce, but previous studies have shown sinigrin GSLs and their associated allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) to be soil biocides. The objective of this work was to evaluate the biocide effects of 17 GSLs and GHPs and of leaf methanolic extracts of different GSL-enrichedBrassicacrops on suppressingin vitrogrowth of two bacterial (Xanthomonas campestrispv. campestris andPseudomonas syringaepv. maculicola) and two fungal (AlternariabrassicaeandSclerotiniascletoriorum)Brassicapathogens. GSLs, GHPs, and methanolic leaf extracts inhibited the development of the pathogens tested compared to the control, and the effect was dose dependent. Furthermore, the biocide effects of the different compounds studied were dependent on the species and race of the pathogen. These results indicate that GSLs and their GHPs, as well as extracts of differentBrassicaspecies, have potential to inhibit pathogen growth and offer new opportunities to study the use ofBrassicacrops in biofumigation for the control of multiple diseases.

The role of organizational culture in the knowledge management process

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 433-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Ling-hsing Chang ◽  
Tung-Ching Lin
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Culture ◽  
Knowledge Management ◽  
Customer Service ◽  
Survey Methodology ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Knowledge Resources ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Individual

Purpose – The purpose of the study is to focus on the enhancement of knowledge management (KM) performance and the relationship between organizational culture and KM process intention of individuals because of the diversity of organizational cultures (which include results-oriented, tightly controlled, job-oriented, closed system and professional-oriented cultures). Knowledge is a primary resource in organizations. If firms are able to effectively manage their knowledge resources, then a wide range of benefits can be reaped such as improved corporate efficiency, effectiveness, innovation and customer service. Design/methodology/approach – The survey methodology, which has the ability to enhance generalization of results (Dooley, 2001), was used to collect the data utilized in the testing of the research hypotheses. Findings – Results- and job-oriented cultures have positive effects on employee intention in the KM process (creation, storage, transfer and application), whereas a tightly controlled culture has negative effects. Research limitations/implications – However, it would have been better to use a longitudinal study to collect useful long-term data to understand how the KM process would be influenced when organizational culture dimensions are changed through/by management. This is the first limitation of this study. According to Mason and Pauleen (2003), KM culture is a powerful predictor of individual knowledge-sharing behavior, which is not included in this study. Thus, this is the second limitation of this paper. Moreover, national culture could be an important issue in the KM process (Jacks et al., 2012), which is the third limitation of this paper for not comprising it. Practical implications – In researchers’ point of view, results- and job-oriented cultures have positive effects, whereas a tightly controlled culture has a negative effect on the KM process intention of the individual. These findings provide evidences that challenge the perspective of Kayworth and Leidner (2003) on this issue. As for practitioners, management has a direction to modify their organizational culture to improve the performance of KM process. Social implications – Both behavioral and value perspectives of the organizational cultural dimensions (results-oriented, tightly control, job-oriented, sociability, solidarity, need for achievement and democracy) should be examined to ascertain their effects firstly on KM culture and then on the KM process intention of the individual. It is hoped that the current study will spawn future investigations that lead to the development of an integrated model which includes organizational culture, KM culture and the KM process intention of the individual. Originality/value – The results-oriented, loosely controlled and job-oriented cultures will improve the effectiveness of the KM process and will also increase employees’ satisfaction and willingness to stay with the organization.

Examining the pull, the push, and their simultaneous effects on managerial turnover

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (12) ◽  
pp. 2639-2654 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoonhee Choi ◽  
Namgyoo K. Park
Keyword(s):  
Top Management Team ◽  
The United States ◽  
Management Team ◽  
Top Management ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Economic Mechanism ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Psychological Mechanisms ◽  
Managerial Turnover ◽  
Psychological Mechanism

PurposeThis paper aims to examine the economic and psychological mechanisms in turnover at the managerial level. The paper investigates how (1) the ease of moving posed by alternative jobs (i.e. the economic mechanism) and (2) the desire to move due to low job satisfaction (i.e. the psychological mechanism) simultaneously influence top management team (TMT) turnover and these managers' subsequent job position and pay.Design/methodology/approachUsing 25 years of panel data on more than 2,000 top managers in the United States, the paper utilizes fixed-effects logistic regressions and the ordinary least squares model to test the hypotheses.FindingsThe authors find that CEO awards (an economic mechanism) and low compensation (a psychological mechanism) independently have positive effects on turnover. Turnover due to the economic mechanism leads to a higher position and pay, whereas turnover due to the psychological mechanism does not guarantee the same outcome. Further, when examining how pay dissatisfaction influences turnover simultaneously with CEO awards, the authors find that managers with the highest pay leave their firm, and not those with the lowest pay.Originality/valueThe paper employs the pull-and-push theory in the employee turnover literature and applies it to the top management team literature. By doing so, this paper contributes original insights to how economic and psychological mechanisms simultaneously affect managerial turnover and its subsequent outcomes.

scholarly journals Placement Advisors as Innovators. How Professionals Use Enhanced Discretion in Germany’s Public Employment Services

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
CAROLIN FREIER ◽  
MONIKA SENGHAAS
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Public Employment ◽  
Labour Market Situation ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Employment Services ◽  
Employment Agency ◽  
Logic Of Action ◽  
Market Situation ◽  
Innovation Project ◽  
Activation Policy

Abstract Employees of the public employment services (PES) are street-level bureaucrats who shape activation policy on the ground. This paper examines how PES staff use enhanced discretion in an innovation project carried out by the German Federal Employment Agency. Applying a bottom-up perspective, we reconstruct PES employees’ logic of action and the dilemmas they face in improving counselling and placement services. According to our findings, placement staff use enhanced discretion to promote more individualised support and an adequate matching of jobseekers and employers. The use of discretion is framed by organisational norms and reward mechanisms and by the current labour market situation. Our analyses are based on qualitative interviews and group discussions with placement staff.

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