scholarly journals Effect of lubricant ageing on lubricants’ physical and chemical properties and tribological performance; Part I: effect of lubricant chemistry

2018 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 385-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Cen ◽  
Ardian Morina ◽  
Anne Neville
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Tribological Performance ◽  
Acid Number ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Total Acid ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Purpose Ageing has been known to affect the performance of lubricants. However, there is a lot of debate as to whether ageing is beneficial or detrimental to the wear performance of lubricants. Design/methodology/approach The purpose of this research is to evaluate the effect of ageing on the viscosity, total acid number and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy information of a series of lubricants. The tribological performance (friction and wear) of the aged lubricants is also studied, followed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis on the selected post-test samples to study the tribochemical features of the tribofilm. Findings The results show that ageing has a different impact on lubricants and tribological performances based on the physical and chemical properties. Originality/value These findings will be compared with the research on the role of water in lubricant ageing (Part II of this study).

Effect of ageing on lubricants’ physical and chemical properties and tribological performance

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Cen ◽  
Ardian Morina ◽  
Anne Neville
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Tribological Performance ◽  
Acid Number ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Total Acid ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Purpose The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of water contamination on ageing of lubricants. Design/methodology/approach The viscosity, total acid number and Fourier transform infrared spectrum of a series of lubricants after ageing with water were studied. The tribological performance (friction and wear) of the aged lubricants was also analyzed, followed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis on the selected post test samples to study the tribochemical features of the tribofilm. Findings The results were also compared with Part I of this study, and it was found that ageing has a different impact on lubricants and tribological performances based on the physical and chemical properties when water is present in the lubricants. Originality/value This paper is a continuation of Part I of this study and gives an understanding on the impact of water on the lubricants and related tribological and tribochemical performance.

SCIENTIFIC BASIS OF VETERINARY AND SANITARY ASSESSMENT OF POULTRY MEAT AT FORCED SLAUGHTER

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-37
Author(s):  
Yu.A. Kozak ◽  
◽  
I.G. Seregin ◽  
S.S. Kozak ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Acid Number ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Biological Value ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Microbiological Characteristics ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Materials on poultry veterinary rejection and forced slaughter frequency at poultry factories and veterinary and sanitary characteristics of rejected poultry meat in comparison with healthy poultry meat have been presented. Some deviations have been stated for forced slaughter poultry in sensory, physical and chemical properties and microbiological characteristics. It is determined that the meat of forced slaughtered poultry has lower commodity and quality indicators. Such meat contains more moisture and less protein and fat. An increase in the acid number is noted in fat. The biological value and harmlessness of meat of forced slaughter is lower than healthy poultry meat value. E. coli bacteria and Salmonella genera bacteria have been found, and that results sale limitations of meat. Some proposals have been developed at the base of these data on the most rational and safe usage of meat after poultry forced slaughtering.

scholarly journals Electronic Structure of 2H-Tetraphenylporphyrin at Fe/Si (100) Interface

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Chhagan Lal ◽  
I. P. Jain
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Iron Silicide ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Ultraviolet Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Iron Coordination ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Many recent studies have highlighted the possibility to tailor the physical and chemical properties of porphyrin at the molecular level to design novel catalysts, sensors and devices with applications in electronics, opto-electronics, and so forth. In the present work, we study the electronic properties of 2H-Tetraphenylporphyrin (2H-TPP) on iron (Fe) and iron silicide (Fe3Si) onto Si (100) substrate using X-ray and Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS & UPS). The results revealed that the iron atom is coordinated by TPP molecules on Fe/Si as well as on Fe3Si/Si. XPS results provide evidence of the iron coordination with TPP molecules. The UPS analysis evidenced the fine structure in the electronic spectra related to HOMO states below the Fermi level.

Analysis of Phosphogypsum’s Physical and Chemical Properties and Making of Anhydrite Cement from Phosphogypsum

2013 ◽  
Vol 275-277 ◽  
pp. 2131-2135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Zhou ◽  
Lin Yang ◽  
Qian Lin ◽  
Jian Xin Cao
Keyword(s):  
Solid Solution ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Impurity Content ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Gravimetric Determination ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

The phosphogypsum (PG) sample produced as the waste of the phosphoric acid fertilizer plant from Guizhou, China was studied for its properties and as a material for anhydrite cement. The impurity content, type and distribution, as well as thermal behavior and solubility of the PG were carefully studied by XRD, DTA techniques and gravimetric determination. The China Standard GB175-2007. The mineralogical studies were physical properties of the sample were studied as per the determined by XRD. The results showed that the impurities of PG are mainly water-soluble P2O5, F, organics and P2O5 and F in the gypsum lattice which has entered in to solid solution with gypsum as well as the insoluble Ca3(PO4)2 and CaF2. Experimental datum showed that a suitable anhydrite can be produced by heating PG at 1000 °C and PG up to 60% used can be as a main raw material in production of anhydrite cement.

scholarly journals Monitoring of the Physical and Chemical Properties of a Gasoline Engine Oil during Its Usage

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Behnam Rahimi ◽  
Abolfazl Semnani ◽  
Alireza Nezamzadeh-Ejhieh ◽  
Hamid Shakoori Langeroodi ◽  
Massoud Hakim Davood
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Gasoline Engine ◽  
Viscosity Index ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Total Acid ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Physicochemical properties of a mineral-based gasoline engine oil have been monitored at 0, 500, 1000, 2000, 3500, 6000, 8500, and 11500 kilometer of operation. Tracing has been performed by inductively coupled plasma and some other techniques. At each series of measurements, the concentrations of twenty four elements as well as physical properties such as: viscosity at 40 and 100°C; viscosity index; flash point; pour point; specific gravity; color; total acid and base numbers; water content have been determined. The results are indicative of the decreasing trend in concentration of additive elements and increasing in concentration for wear elements. Different trends have been observed for various physical properties. The possible reasons for variations in physical and chemical properties have been discussed.

Activation of wood surface by Pd pulsed laser deposition for Ni electroless plating

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamal Amer ◽  
Anas Alkhawwam ◽  
Abdul Kader Jazmati
Keyword(s):  
Electroless Plating ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Laser Deposition ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Wood Substrate ◽  
Content Type ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

PurposeDifferent types of wood (ash, oak and beech) have been activated by new activation method. The aim of this work is to study the effect of different types of wood on the physical and chemical properties of Ni/Pd coatings.Design/methodology/approachThe wood was activated by ablation of the Pd target using pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique. Different diagnostic techniques such as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), attenuated total reflection (ATR) spectroscopy and energy dispersed X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), in parallel with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to achieve this goal.FindingsThe XPS technique confirmed that the highest concentration of Pd was found in the Pd/beech sample, which is associated to the texture of the beech wood substrate surface. EDS results confirmed the absence of any contamination related to electroless plating method. It is concluded that the wood morphology and its surface roughness play a conclusive role to obtain different quantity of metal by PLD and electroless plating methods.Originality/valueAlthough several works have been performed to study the influence of substrates on the coated metals and away of the traditional methods in activating non-catalytic surface, in this paper, PLD method is used to obtain a good quantity of Pd distributed on the entire surface and inside the porous of the wood. This study could be considered as a step investigation for understanding the role of the wood substrate morphology on the physical and chemical properties of films. To our knowledge, there are no works of combining a coated Ni/Pd by electroless plating and PLD methods on wood.

scholarly journals Physico-Chemical Properties And Antioxidant Activities of Rhodomytus tomentosa syrup

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (01) ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
Widia Dara ◽  
Nurhamidah Nurhamidah
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Total Acid ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Rhodomyrtus Tomentosa ◽  
And Chemical Properties

 Antioxidants are natural compounds found in many fruits, as well as in Rhodomyrtus tomentosa. The research, Rhodomyrtus tomentosa will be processed in form of syrup. The results of the organoleptic test of syrup ranged from like to  very like by panelists. Determine the  physical and chemical properties on syrup Rhodomyrtus tomentosa were acidity value is 4,41, total acid is 0,003%, total dissolved solids 23,74oBrix and sugar level of syrup is 21%.  The results of Vitamin C content analysis of 1.25 mg / 100 g. The syrup contains Fe 0.525 mg / L and Cu 0.220 mg / L. In the Rhodomyrtus tomentosa  syrup there is no lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd),  Mercuri (Hg), Arsenic (As) and  Stanum (Sn) metal. The content of antioxidant activity sirup  is 10.31 %.

Statistical criteria of stellar population types

1966 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 101-110
Author(s):  
W. Iwanowska
Keyword(s):  
Stellar Population ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Spectrophotometric Study ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Population Type ◽  
The Galaxy ◽  
Distribution Parameters ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Statistical Criteria ◽  
And Chemical Properties

In connection with the spectrophotometric study of population-type characteristics of various kinds of stars, a statistical analysis of kinematical and distribution parameters of the same stars is performed at the Toruń Observatory. This has a twofold purpose: first, to provide a practical guide in selecting stars for observing programmes, second, to contribute to the understanding of relations existing between the physical and chemical properties of stars and their kinematics and distribution in the Galaxy.

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