Improved biodegradability and tribological performances of mineral lubricating oil by two synthetic nitrogenous heterocyclic additives

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 578-585
Author(s):  
Jianhua Ding ◽  
Jianhua Fang ◽  
Boshui Chen ◽  
Nan Zhang ◽  
Xingyu Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Lubricating Oil ◽  
Phosphate Ester ◽  
Wear Properties ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Base Oil ◽  
Lubrication Film ◽  
Infrared Spectrometer ◽  
Mineral Lubricant ◽  
Friction Surfaces

Purpose This paper aims to understand the influences of tris (2-hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate oleate and oleic acid tris (2-hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate phosphate ester on biodegradability and tribological performances of mineral lubricating oil. Design/methodology/approach Tris (2-hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate oleate and oleic acid tris (2-hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate phosphate ester were prepared and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. The biodegradability and tribological properties of neat oil and its formulations were studied on a tester for fast evaluating biodegradability of lubricants and a four-ball tester, respectively. The worn surfaces were investigated by scanning electron microscope and X-ray photoelectron spectroscope. Findings Tris (2-hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate oleate and oleic acid tris (2-hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate phosphate ester both improved markedly the biodegradability, the anti-wear properties, friction-reducing properties and extreme pressure properties of base oil. The effect of oleic acid tris (2-hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate phosphate ester was better than tris (2-hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate oleate. The improvement of tribological performances was mainly ascribed to the formation of a complicated boundary lubrication film of tris (2-hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate oleate and oleic acid tris (2-hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate phosphate ester on the friction surfaces. Originality/value This paper has indicated that tris (2-hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate oleate and oleic acid tris (2-hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate phosphate ester effectively improve the biodegradability and tribological performances of mineral lubricating oil. Promoting biodegradation of mineral lubricant by additives is very significant for the development of petroleum-based biodegradable lubricants. These two additives not merely improve the tribological performances; more importantly, they improve the ecological performances.

scholarly journals Tribology Properties of Synthesized Multiscale Lamellar WS2 and Their Synergistic Effect with Anti-Wear Agent ZDDP

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Na Wu ◽  
Ningning Hu ◽  
Jinhe Wu ◽  
Gongbo Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Friction Reduction ◽  
Lubricating Oil ◽  
Solid Phase Reaction ◽  
Phase Reaction ◽  
Wear Properties ◽  
Base Oil ◽  
Electron Probe Micro Analyzer

The microscale/nanoscale lamellar-structure WS2 particles with sizes of 2 µm and 500 nm were synthesized by solid-phase reaction method and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The synergies between microscale/nanoscale WS2 particles and ZDDP as lubricating oil additives was evaluated by means of UMT-2 tribometer at room temperature. The wear scars were examined with SEM and electron-probe micro-analyzer (EPMA). The results show that the anti-wear properties were improved and the friction coefficient was greatly decreased with the simultaneous addition of WS2 particles and ZDDP, and the largest reduction of friction coefficient was 47.2% compared with that in base oil. Moreover, the presence of ZDDP additive in the lubricant further enhances the friction-reduction and anti-wear effect of microscale/nanoscale WS2. This confirms that there is a synergistic effect between WS2 particles and ZDDP.

scholarly journals Experimental Study on the Lubrication and Cooling Effect of Graphene in Base Oil for Si3N4/Si3N4 Sliding Pairs

Micromachines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 160
Author(s):  
Lixiu Zhang ◽  
Xiaoyi Wei ◽  
Junhai Wang ◽  
Yuhou Wu ◽  
Dong An ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rotational Speed ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Cooling Effect ◽  
Lubricating Oil ◽  
Protective Film ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Wear Properties ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Base Oil ◽  
Few Layer Graphene

Recently, the engineering structural ceramics as friction and wear components in manufacturing technology and devices have attracted much attention due to their high strength and corrosion resistance. In this study, the tribological properties of Si3N4/Si3N4 sliding pairs were investigated by adding few-layer graphene to base lubricating oil on the lubrication and cooling under different experimental conditions. Test results showed that lubrication and cooling performance was obviously improved with the addition of graphene at high rotational speeds and low loads. For oil containing 0.1 wt% graphene at a rotational speed of 3000 r·min−1 and 40 N loads, the average friction coefficient was reduced by 76.33%. The cooling effect on Si3N4/Si3N4 sliding pairs, however, was optimal at low rotational speeds and high loads. For oil containing 0.05 wt% graphene at a lower rotational speed of 500 r·min−1 and a higher load of 140 N, the temperature rise was reduced by 19.76%. In addition, the wear mark depth would decrease when adding appropriate graphene. The mechanism behind the reduction in friction and anti-wear properties was related to the formation of a lubricating protective film.

scholarly journals Improving the lubrication and anti-corrosion performance of polyurea grease via ingredient optimization

Friction ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guanlin Ren ◽  
Xiaowen Sun ◽  
Wen Li ◽  
Hao Li ◽  
Lin Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Performance Characteristics ◽  
Friction Reduction ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Load Carrying Capacity ◽  
Wear Properties ◽  
Base Oil ◽  
Lubrication Film ◽  
Load Carrying ◽  
Polyurea Grease ◽  
Organic Amines

Abstract Thickener formulation plays a significant role in the performance characteristics of grease. The polyurea greases (PUGs) were synthesized using mineral oil (500SN) as the base oil, and by regulating the reaction of diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) and different organic amines. The as-prepared PUGs from the reaction of MDI and cyclohexylamine/p-toluidine exhibit the optimum physicochemical and friction-wear properties, confirming that the regulation of thickener formulation can improve the performance characteristics of grease, including friction reduction, wear, corrosion resistance, and load-carrying capacity. The anticorrosion and lubrication properties of as-prepared PUGs depend on good sealing functions and a boundary lubrication film (synergy of grease-film and tribo-chemical reaction film), as well as their chemical components and structure.

Synthesis and tribological properties of oil-soluble copper nanoparticles as environmentally friendly lubricating oil additives

2015 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yujuan Zhang ◽  
Yaohua Xu ◽  
Yuangbin Yang ◽  
Shengmao Zhang ◽  
Pingyu Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tribological Properties ◽  
Liquid Paraffin ◽  
Lubricating Oil ◽  
Infrared Spectrometry ◽  
Cu Nanoparticles ◽  
Wear Properties ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Oil Additives ◽  
Lubricating Oil Additives

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to synthesize oil-soluble copper (Cu) nanoparticles modified with free phosphorus and sulfur modifier and investigate its tribological properties as environment-friendly lubricating oil additives. Design/methodology/approach – To improve the anti-oxidation properties of these nanoparticles, two kinds of surface modifiers, oleic acid and oleylamine were used simultaneously. The morphology, composition, structure and thermal properties of as-synthesized Cu nanoparticles were investigated by means of transmission electron microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry and differential thermal and thermogravimetric analysis. The tribological properties of as-synthesized Cu nanoparticles as an additive in liquid paraffin were evaluated with a four-ball friction and wear tester. Findings – It has been found that an as-synthesized Cu nanoparticle has a size of 2-5 nm and can be well dispersed in organic solvents. Tribological properties evaluation results show that as-synthesized Cu nanoparticles possess excellent anti-wear properties as an additive in liquid paraffin. The reason lies in that as-synthesized surface-capped Cu nanoparticles are able to deposit on sliding steel surface and form a low-shearing-strength protective layer thereon, showing promising application as an environmentally acceptable lubricating oil additive, owing to its free phosphorus and sulfur elements characteristics. Originality/value – Oil-soluble surface-modified Cu nanoparticles without phosphorus and sulfur were synthesized and its tribological properties as lubricating oil additives were also investigated in this paper. These results could be very helpful for application of Cu nanoparticles as environment-friendly lubricating oil additives.

Online infrared spectra detection of lubricating oil during friction process at high temperature

2018 ◽  
Vol 70 (7) ◽  
pp. 1294-1302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongliang Jin ◽  
Haitao Duan ◽  
Lei Wei ◽  
Song Chen ◽  
Xuzheng Qian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Infrared Spectra ◽  
Isothermal Holding ◽  
Lubricating Oil ◽  
Critical Transition ◽  
Friction Process ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Low Speed ◽  
Infrared Spectrometer

Purpose This paper aims to investigate the tribological behavior and online infrared spectra of three types of lubricating oils containing dinonyl diphenylamine (DNDA) antioxidant, which are mineral oil (MO), poly alpha olefin (PAO) and trimethylolpropane trioleate (TMPTO), during the friction process at high temperature (temperature rising at first and isothermal holding afterwards). Design/methodology/approach A platform of low speed four-ball tribometer equipped with a temperature controller combined with infrared spectrometer was established. MO, PAO and TMPTO base oils were mixed with 1.0 Wt.% DNDA antioxidant, coded as MOa, PAOa and TMPTOa in sequence. The friction coefficient and online infrared spectra of the oils were tested during the friction process of temperature rising at first and isothermal holding afterwards, and the wear tracks of the upper balls were measured using a confocal scanning optical microscope. Findings The results indicated that the DNDA antioxidant was depleted to reduce the generation of alcohols and carbonyl products, and the depletion rate of DNDA followed the sequence of MOa > PAOa > TMPTOa. In the temperature rising friction process, the critical transition of friction coefficient was confirmed. The addition of DNDA antioxidant reduced the temperature of the oils at the critical transition of friction coefficient, and the temperature followed the sequence of TMPTOa > PAOa > MOa. After the critical transition, the friction coefficient was first increased and then declined to a steady value; the friction coefficient of MOa increased and declined first, followed by PAOa and TMPTOa. In the steady stage of friction, there was no obvious effect of DNDA on the friction coefficient of the oils. Moreover, DNDA enhanced the wear properties of MOa and PAOa; no obvious improvement was revealed for the wear property of TMPTOa. Originality/value The established platform of low speed four-ball tribometer combined with infrared spectrometer successfully realized online testing of the structure changes of lubricating oil during high temperature friction, which can give some reference on the oxidation and friction researches of lubricating oil.

Tribological behaviour of mineral and rapeseed oils containing iron particles

2015 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 308-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatjana Maliar ◽  
Satish Achanta ◽  
Henrikas Cesiulis ◽  
Dirk Drees
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Reduction ◽  
Practical Interest ◽  
Lubricating Oil ◽  
Viscous Drag ◽  
Wear Loss ◽  
Wear Property ◽  
Tribological Behaviour ◽  
Wear Properties ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mineral Oils

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the tribological behaviour of commercially available SAE 10 mineral and rapeseed oils containing Fe particles synthesized directly in the oil phase. Design/methodology/approach – Sub-micron Fe particles (50-340 nm) were synthesized by wet chemical reduction reaction of FeSO4 by sodium borohydride in the rapeseed and mineral oils in the presence of surfactant: block copolymer (ENB 90R4) or oxyethylated alcohol (OS-20). A four-ball wear tribometer was used to investigate the tribological properties of mineral and rapeseed oil: coefficient of friction (COF), wear scar diameter and wear loss. Viscosity measurements of oil solutions and determination of synthesized Fe particles size were performed as well. Findings – The presence of Fe particles (0.1 weight per cent) in the rapeseed and mineral oils caused the little change in the COF but resulted in marked improvement of anti-wear property. The oils containing Fe particles with slightly higher viscosity are giving more friction due to viscous drag. The anti-wear enhancement is attributed to the formation of tribofilm and superior load-bearing capability of the modified oil. Both rapeseed and mineral oils irrespective of used surfactant in the presence of 0.1 weight per cent Fe particles (50-140 nm) show sufficiently improved anti-wear properties. Originality/value – The data collection about tribological behaviour of oils containing Fe particles and various additives in lubricants has a practical interest. The findings could be helpful to increase the knowledge of the behaviour of real tribological systems, where the metallic debris are generated during friction and contaminate the lubricating oil.

Tribological properties of hydrogen free DLC in self-mated contacts against ZDDP-added oil

2017 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 938-944 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Mannan ◽  
Mohd Faizul Mohd Sabri ◽  
M.A. Kalam ◽  
H.H. Masjuki
Keyword(s):  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Tribological Properties ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Wear Properties ◽  
Low Friction ◽  
Viscosity Change ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Base Oil ◽  
Band Area ◽  
Low Wear

Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate the tribological properties of tetrahedral diamond-like carbon (DLC) films in self-mated contacts in the presence of additivated and non-additivated vegetable oils. DLC films have high practical value due to low friction and low wear properties. On the other hand, vegetable oils are considered to be lubricants for future due to its resource renewability and biodegradability. Sometimes different chemical agents are added to vegetable oils to further improve its tribological properties. Thus, the tribological study of DLC films against additivated oils becomes important. Design/methodology/approach The tribology tests were conducted in a four ball tribo-meter under the boundary lubricated conditions. Findings Ta-C DLC exhibited 80 per cent lower wear rate under Zinc dialkyldithiophosphates (ZDDP)-added oil compared to that of base oil. In contrast, the friction coefficient under additivated oil was slightly higher than the base oil lubricated case. Moreover, the carbonyl band area as well as the viscosity change of ZDDP-added oil was much smaller than that of base oil. Therefore, ZDDP reduced the wear of DLC film and prevented the oxidation of base oil during tribotests. Originality/value This is the first work on the tribological properties of ta-C DLC lubricated with corn oil with and without anti-wear additives.

Study of behaviour of aluminium oxide nanoparticles suspended in SAE20W40 oil under extreme pressure lubrication

2015 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 328-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avinash A. Thakre ◽  
Animesh Thakur
Keyword(s):  
Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Normal Load ◽  
Friction Reduction ◽  
Lubricating Oil ◽  
Extreme Pressure ◽  
Sliding Speed ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Base Oil ◽  
Pin On Disc ◽  
The Coefficient Of Friction

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to include investigation on extreme pressure lubrication behaviour of Al2O3 nanoparticles suspended in SAE20W40 lubricating oil. Effects of nanoparticles size (40-80 nm) and its concentration (0-1 per cent) on the coefficient of friction is studied using pin-on-disc tribotester. Design/methodology/approach – Taguchi technique is used to optimize the process parameters for lower coefficient of friction. L18 orthogonal array involving six levels for one factor and three levels for remaining three factors is selected for the experimentation. The parameters selected for the study are sliding speed, normal load, nanoparticles size and its concentration in base oil. Findings – It has been found that the presence of nanoparticles in proper concentration shows excellent tribological improvement in frictional characteristics compared to the base oil. The optimal combination of the parameters for minimum coefficient of friction is found to be 0.8 per cent concentration of 60 nm sized Al2O3 nanoparticles, 1,200 rpm sliding speed and 160 N of normal load. The mechanism of friction reduction in presence of nanoparticles is investigated using scanning electron microscopy. Originality/value – This is the original work.

Influence of Aluminum Nanoparticles Additives on Tribological Properties of Base Oil

2017 ◽  
Vol 737 ◽  
pp. 184-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vu Nguyen Anh Le ◽  
Jau Wen Lin
Keyword(s):  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Wear Rate ◽  
Rotational Speed ◽  
Energy Dispersive Spectrometer ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Friction Reduction ◽  
Aluminum Nanoparticles ◽  
Wear Properties ◽  
Base Oil ◽  
Pin On Disc

This study investigates the influence of aluminum nanoparticles, oleic acid as dispersants, and rotational speed on the tribological behavior of a lubricant. The experiments are performed on a pin-on-disc tribotester at a normal force of 90 N and a rotational speed ranging from 150 rpm to 600 rpm. Both the aluminum nanoparticles and oleic acid are in concentrations from 0 to 1 wt% and are added to the SN150 base oil. The results revealed that the addition of aluminum nanoparticles and oleic acid to the base oil will lead to significant friction reduction and anti-wear properties. The coefficient of friction (COF) and wear rate decreased after an increase in the concentration of nanoparticles and oleic acid, and an optimum concentration level was exhibited in which both COF and wear-rate were lowest. The viscosity and temperature of the lubricant are also evaluated. Further, the topography of discs after performance of sliding test have been analyzed through the use of an optical microscope, a scanning electron microscope (SEM), and an energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) in order to interpret the mechanisms of nanoparticle action used to prevent friction and subsequent wear.

The Analysis of a Mechanism of Mineral Tribotechnical Compounds Influence on Wear Resistance of Tribocontacts

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Shabalinskaya ◽  
G. Levkin
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Chromium Steel ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Test Bed ◽  
Wear Properties ◽  
Base Oil ◽  
Wear Resistant Coatings ◽  
To Come ◽  
Friction Surfaces

One of important factors, determining of the reliability of tribocontacts, is their good lubrication. That is why the paper discusses a number of questions affecting the wear: a base oil type and wear resistant coatings (a Cr layer) and a layer working as a solid lubricant after chemical and thermal processing, deposited on piston rings. As lubricating compositions with different trbotechnical compounds (TC) are widely used today for lubricating tribocontacts in internal combustion engines of all types, the paper contains the information on how different mineral TC affect the work of tribocontacts that simulate rather conditions of cylindro-piston group (CPG) in today’s high- augmented engines. The results of the investigation on the comparative evaluation of wear resistance and tribotechnical characteristics made for 6 variants of friction contact lubrication (gray cast iron–electroplated chromium, steel–steel, steel–aluminium), carried out on a test bed simulating hard condition of boundary friction typical for CPG parts working in augmented engines, show any positive influence on the CPG operation for TC by type written in Patent RF 2188227 (2002 y.). Researches of a friction surface state were carried out with employment of such methods as Auger electron spectroscopy. The analysis of received results makes it possible to come to next conclusion: – The processing of friction surfaces by mineral TC improves antifriction and anti-wear properties of different tribocontacts differently, forming in each event different modified layers (by a composition and a thickness within 50–20000 A), having different wear resistance.

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