scholarly journals Determinant and priority factors of innovation for the development of nations

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-320
Author(s):  
Alcides Barrichello ◽  
Emerson Gomes dos Santos ◽  
Rogerio Scabim Morano
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Research ◽  
Government Procurement ◽  
Advanced Technology ◽  
Research Institutions ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Global Competitiveness ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Patent Applications

Purpose This study aims to identify the countries’ innovation factors that are determinant for them to achieve higher levels of development. In addition, the research identified which of these factors should be prioritized so the countries can move up in the rank of the most competitive. Design/methodology/approach The study used the indicators of innovation and the stage of development of 137 countries proposed by the Global Competitiveness Report published by the World Economic Forum and techniques of multivariate data analysis. Findings The results indicated that all the factors tested are determinant to lead the countries throughout their stages of development. The research highlights that the factors “Quality of scientific research institutions” and “Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) patent applications” should be equally prioritized for the countries’ development. Practical implications The results suggested that the factors Capacity for Innovation, Quality of Scientific Research Institutions, Company Spending on Research and Development (R&D), University–Industry Collaboration in R&D, Government Procurement of Advanced Technology Products, Availability of Scientists and Engineers and PCT Patent Applications are decisive for positioning countries in terms of their stage of development and should be part of their public policy and enterprises’ strategic planning. Originality/value The findings show that countries should prioritize the factors Quality of Scientific Research Institutions and PCT Patent Applications, as these factors, when acting together, predict the evolution to higher stages of development.

scholarly journals Sustainability level, corruption and tax evasion: a cross-country analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 328-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hichem Khlif ◽  
Achraf Guidara ◽  
Khaled Hussainey
Keyword(s):  
Tax Evasion ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Global Competitiveness ◽  
Country Analysis ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Global Competitiveness Report

Purpose This paper aims to examine the relationship between the level of sustainability and tax evasion and test whether the level of corruption moderates such a relationship. Design/methodology/approach The sample consists of 65 developed and developing countries. Tax evasion is measured using a macro indirect approach used by Schneider et al. (2010). The sustainability level and corruption variables are collected from The Global Competitiveness Report for 2012-2013. Findings This study finds that the level of tax evasion is negatively associated with the level of sustainability (overall score and social and environmental score) and the quality of infrastructure. When we distinguish between low- and high-corruption countries, we find that this negative association is significant for low-corruption countries and insignificant for high-corruption countries. These results imply that the level of corruption may reduce the tendency of individuals in a given state to accept and trust their government in general and comply with the tax rules in particular. Originality/value Our empirical findings have policy implications for governments with high levels of tax evasion, as they highlight the importance of states’ engagements towards their citizens in reducing tax evasion.

Innovative entrepreneurship and quality of life. The case of Ecuador

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Carlos Aguirre ◽  
Marco Leonardo Peralta Zuñiga ◽  
Pedro Mora ◽  
Francisco Blanco
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Vector Model ◽  
Impulse Response Functions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Global Competitiveness ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Global Competitiveness Index ◽  
Multivariate Estimation

PurposeThis article is based on the assumption that entrepreneurship improves quality of life (HDI). Its main objective is to establish causal relationships between entrepreneurship variables such as credits, innovation (R&D), business growth, foreign direct investment and the Global Competitiveness Index and how these have influenced a country's development.Design/methodology/approachTo analyse and validate this assumption, relevant information has been extracted about Ecuador (the subject of the study) for the 1998–2017 period. The information has received the respective econometric treatment, through a multivariate estimation by the autoregressive vector (ARV) method that made it possible to establish impulse-response functions.ResultsThe results indicate that there is a significant and positive statistical impact between the variables related to entrepreneurship and quality of life (HDI), with the exception of “Innovation”, which is not representative in the model, demonstrating that the investment made at country level in R&D is not sufficient to have an impact on the HDI. It was also determined that promoting entrepreneurship would be useful as this would alter the trend of the variables, making them conducive to increasing the HDI.Originality/valueThis article is one of the few to address this issue. It includes the self-regressive vector model as a key methodology used to evaluate and establish public policies. RVM has provided positive results in the field of economics and can be adopted in the area of entrepreneurship.

Robotic industrial automation simulation-optimization for resolving conflict and deadlock

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamed Fazlollahtabar ◽  
Mohammad Saidi-Mehrabad ◽  
Ellips Masehian
Keyword(s):  
Optimization Technique ◽  
Optimal Path ◽  
Advanced Technology ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Industrial Automation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Simulation Based ◽  
Effective Design ◽  
Agv Systems

Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate the benefits of the turning point layout; a simulation model being applicable for strategic level is designed that compares systems with and without turning points. Specifically, the avoidance of deadlocks and prevention of conflicts is substantial. Design/methodology/approach Optimization process for different layouts and configuration of autonomous guided vehicles (AGVs) are worked out using statistical methods for design parameters. Regression analysis is used to find effective design parameters and analysis of variance is applied for adjusting critical factors. Also, the optimal design is then implemented in a manufacturing system for an industrial automation and the results are reported. Findings The outputs imply the effectiveness of the proposed approach for real industrial cases. This research will combine both simulation-based method and optimization technique to improve the quality of solutions. Originality/value In AGV systems, the begin-end combinations are usually connected by using a fixed layout, which is not the optimal path. The capability of these configurations is limited and often the conflict of multiple AGVs and deadlock are inevitable. By appearing more flexible layouts and advanced technology, the positioning and dispatching of AGVs increased. A new concept would be to determine each path dynamically. This would use the free paths for AGVs leading to overcome the conflicts and deadlocks.

Determinants of innovation in the handicraft industry of Fiji and Tonga: an empirical analysis from a tourism perspective

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 318-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suwastika Naidu ◽  
Anand Chand ◽  
Paul Southgate
Keyword(s):  
New Product Development ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
New Product ◽  
Advanced Technology ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Technology Experience

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the determinants of innovation in handicraft industry of Fiji and Tonga. Design/methodology/approach – Data for this study was collected via face-to-face interviews with handicraft sellers in Fiji and Tonga. In total, 368 interviews were conducted in Fiji and Tonga out of which, 48 was from Tonga and 320 was from Fiji. Findings – The results of this study show that eight factors; namely, value adding, design uniqueness, new product development, cultural uniqueness, advanced technology, experience of owner, ability of owner to adapt to trends in market and quality of raw materials have significant impact on level of innovation in handicraft industry of Fiji and Tonga. Originality/value – To date, none of the existing studies have examined determinants of innovation in handicraft industry of the Pacific Island countries. This is a pioneering study that examines determinants of innovation in handicraft industry of Fiji and Tonga.

Classifying and clustering construction projects by customer satisfaction

Facilities ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (9/10) ◽  
pp. 387-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sami Kärnä ◽  
Veli‐Matti Sorvala ◽  
Juha‐Matti Junnonen
Keyword(s):  
Customer Satisfaction ◽  
Construction Projects ◽  
Success Factors ◽  
Service Management ◽  
Service Industry ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Stage Of Development

PurposeConstruction is often a long‐term project described as a dynamic and complex entity. This is one of the factors making the assessment of construction quality so difficult. The actors in the field of construction need versatile and systematic data about the quality of the construction process and the building in order to be able to operate in a customer‐oriented manner and develop their own operations. The purpose of this paper is to examine the typical factors in a construction project as regards customer satisfaction.Design/methodology/approachThe cluster analysis differentiating between projects in this paper is conducted with a total of 831 construction projects.FindingsThe paper reveals seven similar but nevertheless different clusters. What the best clusters as regards customer satisfaction has in common is that the management's professional skills and the cooperation methods are successful when compared to other areas of the cluster. Additionally, good cooperation methods predict good level of customer satisfaction. In all clusters, handover inspections has the lowest level of success. When examining various, good and poor projects, it may be stated that the same factors were successful in all of the projects.Originality/valueImproving the quality of construction projects from the customer's perspective has gained growing interest also in construction industry. Indeed, information about the project's success factors from the customer's perspective is needed in the construction business. Owing to the complex nature of construction and the special characteristics of project production, construction has had several problems in producing quality in a customer‐oriented manner. This paper describes, the success factors from the viewpoint of customer satisfaction. Construction has become a service industry adopting methods from the field of service management but the use of “soft” measurement tools, such as customer satisfaction, is still at an early stage of development.

Quality of management schools, strength of auditing and reporting standards and tax evasion

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hichem Khlif ◽  
Achraf Guidara
Keyword(s):  
Tax Evasion ◽  
Tax Compliance ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Reporting Standards ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Global Competitiveness ◽  
Legal Enforcement ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between the quality of management schools and tax evasion and tests whether the strength of auditing and reporting standards moderates such a relationship. Design/methodology/approach Tax evasion is measured using the macro-indirect approach based on Schneider, Buehn and Monterngro (2010). The quality of management schools is collected from The Global Competitiveness Report for 2014-2015. Findings On the basis of sample of 137 countries, the authors document that the level of tax evasion is negatively associated with the quality of management schools and the strength of auditing and reporting standards. When the authors distinguish between low- and high-strength of auditing and reporting standards countries, the authors find that the negative and significant association remains stable only for high-strength of auditing and reporting standards countries. Practical implications These results imply that the quality of management schools through its output (managers, fiscal controllers, auditors and businessmen) may increase the tendency of individuals in a given country to comply with tax rules and that legal enforcement may affect the ethical behaviours of these actors with regard to tax evasion. Originality/value The empirical findings have policy implications for governments with high levels of tax evasion since they highlight the importance of the quality of higher educational system in shaping tax compliance behaviour.

Modern university as an economic growth driver: Models & missions

2017 ◽  
pp. 58-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Karpov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Education Research ◽  
Advanced Technology ◽  
Global Competitiveness ◽  
Technology Markets ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Business Ecosystem ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
National Economies ◽  
The University

The paper considers the modern university as an economic growth driver within the University 3.0 concept (education, research, and commercialization of knowledge). It demonstrates how the University 3.0 is becoming the basis for global competitiveness of national economies and international alliances, and how its business ecosystem generates new fast-growing industries, advanced technology markets and cost-efficient administrative territories.

GREEN OPEN ACCESS IN KENYA: A REVIEW OF THE CONTENT, POLICIES AND USAGE OF INSTITUTIONAL REPOSITORIES

Mousaion ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 25-54
Author(s):  
Wanyenda Leonard Chilimo
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Open Access ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Google Scholar ◽  
Research Institutions ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Institutional Repositories ◽  
Current State ◽  
Theses And Dissertations

 There is scant research-based evidence on the development and adoption of open access (OA) and institutional repositories (IRs) in Africa, and in Kenya in particular. This article reports on a study that attempted to fill that gap and provide feedback on the various OA projects and advocacy work currently underway in universities and research institutions in Kenya and in other developing countries. The article presents the findings of a descriptive study that set out to evaluate the current state of IRs in Kenya. Webometric approaches and interviews with IR managers were used to collect the data for the study. The findings showed that Kenya has made some progress in adopting OA with a total of 12 IRs currently listed in the Directory of Open Access Repositories (OpenDOAR) and five mandatory self-archiving policies listed in the Registry of Open Access Repositories Mandatory Archiving Policies (ROARMAP). Most of the IRs are owned by universities where theses and dissertations constitute the majority of the content type followed by journal articles. The results on the usage and impact of materials deposited in Kenyan IRs indicated that the most viewed publications in the repositories also received citations in Google Scholar, thereby signifying their impact and importance. The results also showed that there was a considerable interest in Swahili language publications among users of the repositories in Kenya.

Developing the culture and discipline of conducting and publishing scientific research: Guiding principles

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Daniel Obeng-Ofori
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Scientific Writing ◽  
Weekly Schedule ◽  
Academic Activities ◽  
Heavy Workload ◽  
Guiding Principles ◽  
Mentoring System ◽  
Critical Constraints

The pressure to publish is a fact of life in academia. Academics are expected to demonstrate that they are active researchersand that their work has been vetted by peers and disseminated in reputable scholarly forums. In practice, however, a numberof critical constraints hamper effective publication of scientific research in most developing countries. These include lackof effective mentoring system, poor facilities and inadequate funding for effective research and heavy workload where toomuch time and effort are spent in teaching, grading, meetings and other non-academic activities. In spite of these seeminglyinsurmountable challenges, with proper planning and commitment, one can still conduct research and publish to advanceones career and exchange of knowledge. The paper discusses the critical guiding principles in scientific writing and publishingin an unfriendly research environment as pertains in most universities in the developing world. The overriding principle isto cultivate the discipline of scientific writing consciously and follow it through religiously. This could be achieved if time isallocated for scientific writing in the scheme of weekly schedule of activities and made to be functional through meticulousplanning and commitment. Equally important is to avoid procedural mistakes in scientific writing. While the quality of theresearch is the single most important factor in determining whether an article will be published, a number of proceduralmistakes can help tip the balance against its publication. It should also be noted that when a manuscript is submitted to ascholarly journal, there are two audiences to satisfy: first the editor and external reviewers, and then the journal’s readers.That first group must be satisfied to create the opportunity to appeal to the second. Thus, familiarity with the style and tone ofthe specific journal is crucial.

IN SEARCH OF EDUCATIONAL STRATEGY FOR UKRAINE

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viсtor Ognevyuk
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Education ◽  
Primary Education ◽  
School Management ◽  
Education Quality ◽  
Quality Of Education ◽  
Global Competitiveness ◽  
The World ◽  
Management School ◽  
Global Competitiveness Report

The article deals with the world rating of Ukrainian educational sphere according to The Global Competitiveness Report and UNESCO Science Report. It shows comparative indices of Ukraine in contrast to the other countries of these world ratings according to the “Quality of primary education”, “Penetration of primary education”, “Penetration of secondary education”, “Quality of secondary education”, “Quality of education in Sciences”, “Quality of school management”, “School access to the internet” and others. The article also defines strategic directions of reforming Ukrainian education system to improve its position in the world international ratings.

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