‘I will return as millions?’

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 265-279
Author(s):  
Oliver Levingston
Keyword(s):  
Primary Role ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Political Debate ◽  
Institutional Variables ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Structure And Agency ◽  
False Dichotomy ◽  
Revolutionary Period ◽  
Original Approach

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present reflections on the contradictions between structure and agency in theories of the Bolivian Revolution, 2000-2005. Most studies into the trajectory and outcomes of the revolutionary period in Bolivia between 2000 and 2005 tend to emphasise on the primary role of structural factors or social movements in shifting the terrain of political debate. This paper argues this represents a false dichotomy and discounts the value of this debate. In doing so, it seeks to highlight the need for research that focuses on the role of institutional variables that mediate between structure and agency. Design/methodology/approach – The paper uses theories of the Bolivian Revolution, which occurred between 2000 and 2005, to highlight the way theory shapes – and is shaped by – the political organisations that espouse it. This constructivist thesis is applied to conceptions of neoliberalism and Katarismo, an ideology of indigenous liberation, based in Andean-Aymara history. The intellectual and political projects of each approach are demarcated. Theories that privilege either the intellectual project or political project in their narrative of the Bolivian Revolution are then queried. Findings – As a consequence of this analysis, the paper concludes by emphasizing the need for political organisation and theory to be considered dialectically along the lines of Gogol (2012). It argues that further research into institutions is required to appreciate why some post-neoliberal projects flourish while others fragment. Originality/value – The paper proposes a modified understanding of the interplay between structure and agency in conceptions of the Bolivian Revolution (2000-2005) and suggests an original approach to resolving the underlying questions that motivate these debates.

Financial development and agricultural performance in Nigeria: what role do institutions play?

2019 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isiaka Akande Raifu ◽  
Alarudeen Aminu
Keyword(s):  
Financial Development ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Annual Data ◽  
Institutional Variables ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Agricultural Performance

Purpose The centrality of agricultural sector to the economy, particularly in developing countries, has drawn the attention of researchers to critically examine different factors determining the performance of the sector. Given that massive investment is required to ensure maximum productivity in the sector, one of the factors identified is the issue of financing. However, financing agricultural sector in a poor institutional environment can be depressing. In the light of this, the purpose of this paper is to examine the nexus between financial development and agricultural performance in Nigeria with a view to investigating the role of institutions. Design/methodology/approach The study employed annual data spanning the period from 1981 to 2016. Three indicators of financial development and five institutional variables were used. Besides, for robust analysis, the study also computed an aggregate measure of financial development and institutions using principal component method. Autoregressive distributed lag method of estimation was used to examine the short-run and long-run effects of financial development on agricultural performance in Nigeria. Findings The findings showed that financial development has a positive impact on agricultural performance in Nigeria. However, this positive impact is being undermined by institutional variables. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the only study that examines the mediating role of institutional factors such as the rule of law, control of corruption, etc., in the financial development–agricultural performance nexus in Nigeria.

How do smokers respond to pictorial and threatening tobacco warnings? The role of threat level, repeated exposure, type of packs and warning size

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 461-471
Author(s):  
Sophie Lacoste-Badie ◽  
Karine Gallopel-Morvan ◽  
Mathieu Lajante ◽  
Olivier Droulers
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Valence ◽  
Repeated Exposure ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Smoking Reduction ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Marketing Social ◽  
Threat Level ◽  
Negative Effect

Purpose This study aims to investigate the role of two structural factors – threat level depicted on fear messages and warning size – as well as two contextual factors – repeated exposure and type of packs – on pictorial and threatening tobacco warnings’ effectiveness. Design/methodology/approach A two (warning threat level: moderate vs high) × two (coverage: 40 vs 75 per cent) × two (packaging type: plain vs branded) within-subjects experiment was carried out. Subjects were exposed three times to pictorial and threatening tobacco warnings. Both self-report and psychophysiological measurements of emotion were used. Findings Results indicate that threat level is the most effective structural factor to influence smokers’ reactions, while warning size has very low impact. Furthermore, emotional arousal, fear and disgust, as well as attitude toward tobacco brand, decrease after the second exposure to pictorial and threatening tobacco warnings, but stay stable at the third exposure. However, there is no effect of repetition on the emotional valence component, arousal-subjective component, on intention of quitting or of reducing cigarette consumption. Finally, there is a negative effect of plain packs on attitude toward tobacco brand over repeated exposures, but there is no effect of the type of packs on smokers’ emotions and intentions. Social implications Useful marketing social guidance, which might help government decision-makers increase the effectiveness of smoking reduction measures, is offered. Originality/value For the first time in this context, psychophysiological and self-report measurements were combined to measure smokers’ reactions toward pictorial and threatening tobacco warnings in a repeated exposure study.

scholarly journals Introducing the transformative service mediator: value creation with vulnerable consumers

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raechel Johns ◽  
Janet Davey
Keyword(s):  
Service Providers ◽  
Care Service ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Service Research ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Structure And Agency ◽  
Future Research Agenda ◽  
Vulnerable Consumers

Purpose The purpose of this study is to identify the role of mediators in supporting value co-creation for vulnerable consumers in a service context. The authors propose that in transformative services, the roles of actor mediators facilitate control and empowerment for the vulnerable consumer – labelling these transformative service mediators (TSMs). Design/methodology/approach The authors develop a theoretical framework for the activities of mediators in value co-creation considering the interrelationships of vulnerability, structure and agency. The authors then use Prahalad and Ramaswamy’s DART (Dialogue, Access, Risk Assessment and Transparency) model as the integrating framework to describe the TSM roles in the context of the foster care service ecosystem. Findings The authors introduce a future research agenda regarding TSM roles in transformational service experiences and value co-creation with vulnerable consumers. Service researchers and providers are encouraged to explore effective training and motivation of TSMs. Research limitations/implications Understanding value co-creation for vulnerable consumers is an emerging area in service research. The TSM concept introduces a new approach to explore how value co-creation and transformative outcomes can be enhanced in service contexts where consumers experience vulnerability. Practical implications This paper presents an agenda for future research. The outcomes of future research based on TSM roles may help guide service providers in identifying opportunities for enhancing well-being and reducing vulnerability in service delivery. Originality/value This paper suggests that exploring the role of TSMs in the service process offers new insights into reducing vulnerability in service relationships.

scholarly journals Coping with career boundaries and boundary-crossing in the graduate labour market

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 668-682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Belgin Okay-Somerville ◽  
Dora Scholarios
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Educational Background ◽  
Boundary Crossing ◽  
Career Stage ◽  
Subjective Experiences ◽  
Push Factors ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Structure And Agency ◽  
The Uk

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the nature and role of career boundaries for enabling/constraining career self-management (CSM) for occupational boundary-crossing in the UK graduate labour market (GLM). Design/methodology/approach – The data are provided by career history interviews with 36 UK graduates. The analysis contrasts transitions for those who started careers in low-, intermediate-, and high-skilled segments of the labour market. Findings – Availability of development and progression opportunities were the most prominent career boundary experienced. Ease of boundary-crossing differed by career stage and educational background. Boundaries enabled CSM by acting as psychological/external push factors, but push factors only aided progression to high-skilled segments for a third of graduates who started careers in underemployment. For the rest, an adaptation of expectations to labour market realities was observed. Research limitations/implications – Although career history interviews limit generalisability, they contextualise boundaries and deepen understanding of career actors’ subjective experiences and responses. Practical implications – The study highlights the role of labour market and demand-side constraints for career transitions as well as proactive career behaviours. This has implications for career counsellors, employers, and individuals. Originality/value – This paper provides a distinctive “boundary-focused” analysis of emerging career boundaries in the GLM. The findings point to the intricate interplay between structure and agency for career development.

The role of religious motivation in an international consumer boycott

2019 ◽  
Vol 121 (1) ◽  
pp. 199-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazlida Muhamad ◽  
Munirah Khamarudin ◽  
Waida Irani Mohd Fauzi
Keyword(s):  
Subjective Norms ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Religious Motivation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Motivation Factors ◽  
Motivation To Participate ◽  
Role Of Religion

PurposeReligion as a cultural element has the potential to drive a strong boycott campaign. Previous studies acknowledge the role of religion in consumer boycotts yet did not investigate its role in influencing the very core of consumers’ motivation to participate in religion-based boycott. The purpose of this paper is to explore the fundamental nature of religious influence in an international religion-based consumer boycott. The research model tests the role of intrinsic religious motivation as the root of Muslim consumers’ motivational factors to participate and their intention to boycott US food brand.Design/methodology/approachThe study adopted the Hoffman’s’ (2013) consumer boycott model to test the hypotheses. Survey method is used to collect primary data from Muslim millennials in a northern state of Malaysia. The study tested its five hypotheses on a data set of 325 cases using structural equation modelling (partial least squares regression).FindingsThe findings support the primary role of religion influences underlying boycott motivation factors. The intrinsic religious motivation is related to all the four boycott’s motivation factors (i.e. attitudes towards boycotting the brand, subjective norms, make a difference, self-enhancement), and indirectly contributing to intentions to boycott US food brand through the constructs of self-enhancement, subjective norms and attitudes towards the boycott.Research limitations/implicationsThe study is a cross-sectional in nature, confined to one US food brand. The findings may be limited to Muslim millennials in the same region or similar cultural background of the country surveyed.Practical implicationsBusinesses may want to consider working with social agencies involved in a religion-driven consumer boycott in mitigating negative influences of such boycott on brands.Originality/valueThe study shows the root of consumers’ motivation to participate in an international religion-based consumer boycott, i.e. intrinsic religious motivation, by illustrating the mechanisms of religious influences (i.e. intrinsic religious motivation) on consumers’ intention to participate in Islam-driven boycott.

Institutional repositories as complementary tools to evaluate the quantity and quality of research outputs

2014 ◽  
Vol 63 (1/2) ◽  
pp. 46-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anabel Bonilla-Calero
Keyword(s):  
Research Evaluation ◽  
Research Output ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Institutional Repositories ◽  
Evaluation Practice ◽  
Quality Of Research ◽  
Original Approach

Purpose – The aim of this study is to analyse the advantages of using an institutional repository (IR) as a complementary source to evaluate the research output produced by a university. Design/methodology/approach – The paper is based on previous studies where IRs have been used as source to analyse the research output. Findings – Some advantages of using repositories as a tool to evaluate research output are: they help to evaluate the research output from different perspectives, using multidimensional approaches that combine various factors and types of documents with free access to all researchers, evaluators and society in general. Practical implications – The paper is aimed at researchers and experts that use Web of Knowledge and Scopus services to evaluate the research output. It recommends that they consider using IRs as an additional, practical and complementary tool to traditional databases. Originality/value – To underline the advantages of using an IR as a complementary source in the evaluation of research outputs; this evaluative approach is not sufficiently appreciated in comparison with the role of traditional (non-open access) databases. Adopting this original approach would be a significant enhancement to current research evaluation practice.

scholarly journals Tourist’s rational and emotional engagement across events: a multi-event integration view

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
José A. Folgado-Fernández ◽  
Paulo Duarte ◽  
José Manuel Hernández-Mogollón
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Engagement ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Linear Regressions ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate and compare the role of communication, structural and intangible elements on both tourists’ rational and emotional engagement across five different types of events (nature, gastronomy, religion, theatre and music). Design/methodology/approach Responses from 1,528 tourists were obtained through a face to face questionnaire in five heterogeneous events in the Spanish region of Extremadura, a well-known cultural tourism destination. Linear regressions were used to evaluate focal constructs’ contribution (emotional and rational engagement, formal and informal communication and structural and non-structural elements) on tourists’ engagement across events. Findings The results revealed that tourist’s rational and emotional engagement depends on the type of event. Non-structural elements seem to be important for rational and emotional engagement for gastronomic and cultural events. Besides the impact of structural elements on rational engagement, all other factors seem to have a mixed influence. Therefore, practitioners must select the factors to highlight according to the type of events, besides structural factors. Practical implications The current results allow tourism managers to understand the mechanisms for tourists’ engagement in a multi-event scenario to strategically select and use and communicate each type of appeal when planning and communicating events to specific target audiences. Originality/value Unlike most studies that focus on a single event or typology, this study combines a set of heterogeneous events to provide a complete picture of tourism engagement for the tourism sector.

Micro- and macrovascular changes as the direct cause of parenchymal destruction in congenital murine hydrocephalus

1975 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 535-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maciej Wozniak ◽  
David G. McLone ◽  
Anthony J. Raimondi
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Cerebral Arteries ◽  
External Ventricular Drainage ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Tissue Destruction ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Rapid Restoration ◽  
Secondary Vessels ◽  
Fine Print

✓ Microangiotomography was used to identify the normal and pathological pattern of cerebral vessels in the hy-3 murine mutant mouse (normal and hydrocephalic) at various developmental stages from birth through 21 days of life. The technique employed allows resolution, in the range of 7 to 10 µ of the surface and in-traparenchymal (perforating) microvasculature. Ventricular enlargement causes displacement of primary cerebral arteries, followed by both stretching and a decrease in the caliber of primary, secondary, and tertiary vessels (arterial and venous). Ultimately, there is a reduction in the number and caliber of the microvasculature, resulting in diminished cerebral blood flow and cerebral edema. Tissue destruction leading to ependymal rupture, parenchymal cavitation, and the formation of porencephalic cysts within the edematous parenchyma ensues. External ventricular drainage, by decompressing the ventricles, resulted in rapid restoration of the filling of the primary and secondary vessels, thereby suggesting the primary role of vascular changes in the production of brain damage. This study offers experimental evidence that early diversion of the cerebrospinal fluid interrupts this chain of events in congenital murine hydrocephalus.

Factors affecting the Islamic purchasing behavior – a qualitative study

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 1104-1127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sedki Karoui ◽  
Romdhane Khemakhem
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Purchasing Behavior ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The World

PurposeThis study aims to better understand the Islamic consumption incentives because the spectacular flourishing of the halal market in different places around the world has grown the interest in understanding and deciphering the mechanisms behind its development.Design/methodology/approachThrough an exploratory study of some Tunisia-based Islamic groups’ purchasing behavior, this paper investigates factors leading to the purchasing ofhalalgoods (Islamic consumption).FindingsFindings show that the Islamic consumer is more of an Islamist than simply a Muslim. In addition, findings show thathalalconsumption is not merely related to religious affiliations but also the product of numerous cultural, social and psychological factors.Originality/valueIn addition to Islamism and Islamic activism, this paper puts in evidence the role of some post-structural factors such as identity, nostalgia and hedonism in relation to the buying intention ofhalalproducts and services.

scholarly journals Essential Role of Invasin for Colonization and Persistence of Yersinia enterocolitica in Its Natural Reservoir Host, the Pig

2013 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 960-969 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Schaake ◽  
Anna Drees ◽  
Petra Grüning ◽  
Frank Uliczka ◽  
Fabio Pisano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Yersinia Enterocolitica ◽  
Reservoir Host ◽  
Infection Model ◽  
Minor Effect ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Pathogenic Potential ◽  
Content Type ◽  
A Minor

ABSTRACTIn this study, an oral minipig infection model was established to investigate the pathogenicity ofYersinia enterocoliticabioserotype 4/O:3. O:3 strains are highly prevalent in pigs, which are usually symptomless carriers, and they represent the most common cause of human yersiniosis. To assess the pathogenic potential of the O:3 serotype, we compared the colonization properties ofY. enterocoliticaO:3 with O:8, a highly mouse-virulentY. enterocoliticaserotype, in minipigs and mice. We found that O:3 is a significantly better colonizer of swine than is O:8. Coinfection studies with O:3 mutant strains demonstrated that small variations within the O:3 genome leading to higher amounts of the primary adhesion factor invasin (InvA) improved colonization and/or survival of this serotype in swine but had only a minor effect on the colonization of mice. We further demonstrated that a deletion of theinvAgene abolished long-term colonization in the pigs. Our results indicate a primary role for invasin in naturally occurringY. enterocoliticaO:3 infections in pigs and reveal a higher adaptation of O:3 than O:8 strains to their natural pig reservoir host.

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