Graphite market imbalance will grow in the 2020s

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Steel Industry ◽  
Steel Production ◽  
Industrial Process ◽  
Northern Sweden ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Global Demand ◽  
Near Term ◽  
Pollutant Discharge

Significance Price rises were underpinned by higher-than-expected steel production, requiring additional graphite for the industrial process. Prices were also supported by fresh environmental inspections of Chinese production hubs in several provinces, when plants with excessive emissions were banned from applying for a 'pollutant discharge permit' for up to three years. Impacts Given the size of its steel industry, China will continue to dominate the graphite market; it accounts for 55% of global demand. Graphite developers will benefit from investors’ interest in the battery sector. Talga’s Vittangi project in northern Sweden has been confirmed as the world's highest-grade graphite deposit. The unstable security situation in Mozambique raises questions about the near-term viability of graphite projects in the country.

Different demand dynamics will bifurcate nickel supply

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Steel Production ◽  
Downside Risk ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Budget Cuts ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Steel Output ◽  
Near Term ◽  
Stainless Steel Production

Significance Stainless steel production in China and Indonesia rose in the final months of 2020, tightening the market. Softer recent prices for stainless steel and NPI suggest near-term downside risk. Impacts Over two-thirds of nickel in stainless steel is recycled, but the industry is yet to establish protocols to assess battery recyclability. Curtailing exploration prospects, budget cuts at Russia’s Norilsk Nickel and Australia's Clean TeQ will offset others' modest increases. Norilsk Nickel faces continued Kremlin pressure to answer for the environmental damage caused by last year's large oil spill. Indonesia’s NPI output will gain one-third in 2021, but the extra output will stay onshore, feeding the nation’s stainless steel output.

Job deficit may stymie India demographic dividend

2015 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Security ◽  
Vocational Training ◽  
Young Population ◽  
Demographic Dividend ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Global Demand ◽  
Near Term

Significance At 1.4 billion in 2022, India's population is expected to reach 1.7 billion by 2050 before levelling off. The projection also confirms that India can expect to sustain a 'young' population and improvements in its workers-to-dependents ratio until at least 2050. Currently, 65% of Indians are under 35 years of age and 90% under 59. The proportion of under-59s is still expected to be 80% in 2050 and 65% as late as 2100. However, questions arise over how far this 'demographic dividend' can be realised. Impacts India lacks a comprehensive policy to achieve energy security, which is necessary for promoting manufacturing. Near-term, tepid global demand dampens prospects for export-oriented manufacturing. India has yet to prioritise vocational training to facilitate employment; in this, India is not unlike China.

China's economy will struggle to halt secular slowdown

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Regression To The Mean ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Strong Force ◽  
Global Demand ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Productivity Gains ◽  
Global Growth ◽  
China’S Economy

Significance Comparisons with two formerly fast-growing Asian neighbours, Japan and South Korea, suggest that China will continue to slow for another decade. Analysis of global growth trends over 50 years points to a strong force of ‘regression to the mean’, meaning that continued high-speed growth is statistically unlikely. Impacts Continued Chinese economic slowing will reduce global demand for resources such as iron ore and coal. Achieving productivity growth will require deepening reforms to increase the role of the market, the private sector and competition. World Bank economists emphasise that imposing stricter financial discipline is a key step to enhancing market-based productivity gains.

Demobilisation will be a long-term challenge in Libya

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Armed Groups ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Near Term ◽  
The Many ◽  
Financial Arrangements

Significance Although a ceasefire has been in place since October 2020, very little has been done during that time to integrate or demobilise the many armed forces and groups that exist across the country. The obstacles are formidable. Impacts Significant demobilisation and reintegration will not happen in the near term. Local security will continue to rest on fragile political and financial arrangements between armed groups and governing authorities. The current high levels of oil and gas revenue will tend to discourage unrest.

Multiteam systems as integrated networks for engaging ambidexterity as dynamic capabilities

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin P. Dean
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Capabilities ◽  
Dynamic Environment ◽  
Task Demands ◽  
Organizational Level ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Integrated Networks ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Systems Model ◽  
Near Term

PurposeThis inquiry aims to determine the features and mechanisms that specially enable a multiteam system (MTS) to develop ambidexterity that can deal effectively with rapid changes in dynamic environments. The MTS is an emerging organizational unit comprised of tightly integrated networks of teams that may originate from one or more firms. The inquiry also considered how an MTS can engage those features and mechanisms to maximize ambidexterity as dynamic capabilities for increased innovation and long-term adaptation under complex, volatile conditions.Design/methodology/approachThis conceptual inquiry integrates the emerging research on MTSs with theory and studies relating to ambidexterity and dynamic capabilities. This inquiry focuses on the attributes and linkages that specially characterize an MTS. It analyzes these to determine the key mechanisms and interactions enabling and engaging ambidexterity at MTS unit level.FindingsMTSs can engage powerful mechanisms for ambidexterity functioning as dynamic capabilities at meso-organizational level. The attributes and linkages that distinguish an MTS from other units enable it to deal effectively and efficiently with near-term task demands by simultaneously balancing the essential tasks of exploration and exploitation, and by being able to rapidly adapt by reconfiguring taskwork and reallocating resources as required for sustainable innovation and long-term success within a dynamic environment.Practical implicationsThis inquiry provides valuable insights for designing MTSs that are equipped with selected teams, flexible memberships, specialized skills and permeable interfaces. Autonomy for an MTS allows the unit to span internal and external organizational boundaries to gain access to new discoveries and to exchange information and material resources for increased innovation. Ambidexterity as dynamic capabilities facilitates exploitation of current resources by efficiently reconfiguring taskwork and reallocating materials for adaptation and competitive advantage.Originality/valueThis inquiry appears to represent the most integrative effort to examine the underexplored potential of MTSs for developing and engaging ambidexterity functioning as dynamic capabilities. The inquiry appears to be a first effort at articulating a concept of MTS ambidexterity distinct from organizational ambidexterity. The analysis synthesizes a systems model that guides organizational leaders and opens new opportunities for future research.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF THE PROCESS OF IRON SAND PROCESSING INTO SPONGE IRON IN ORDER TO SUPPORT THE DEFENSE INDUSTRY OF STEEL RAW MATERIALS

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Sovian Aritonang ◽  
Jupriyanto Jupriyanto ◽  
Riyadi Juhana
Keyword(s):  
Steel Industry ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Steel Production ◽  
Sponge Iron ◽  
Steel Plates ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Northern Coast ◽  
Shipping Industry ◽  
Iron Sponge ◽  
The Government

<p>The number of iron sand reserves is mostly spread in the coastal waters of Indonesia, from the coast of Sumatra, the southern of Java to Bali, the beaches of Sulawesi, beaches in East Nusa Tenggara (NTT), and the northern coast of Papua. Total reserves for ore are 173,810,612 tons and metal as much as 25,412,652.62 tons. But its utilization was not optimal because PT. Krakatau Steel, and PT. Krakatau Posco has produced steel plates only 24,000 to 36,000 tons per year. While the need for steel plates for the shipping industry each year requires 900,000 tons per year. With the need for raw material for steel plates in the form of iron sponges with Fe ≥ 60%, PT. Krakatau Steel is still imported from abroad. The proof is PT. Krakatau Steel before and during the year 2000 still imported Iron Ore Pellets from the countries of Sweden, Chille and Brazil for 3,500,000 tons per year. This condition is the cause of the national steel industry unable to compete with the foreign steel industry because imported raw materials are subject to import duties. This is an opportunity to build a steel raw material company because all this time the steel raw material industry in Indonesia has only two companies. This condition encourages the manufacture of iron sponges, with the process of making iron sponges with technology adapted to installed production capacity. This study analysed the manufacture of iron sponges using Cipatujah iron sand, as raw material for the manufacture of iron sponges, with the results obtained in the form of iron sponges with the highest levels of Fe ≥60.44%. This can be used for the purposes of raw materials for steel making PT. Krakatau Steel (PT. KS), because so far PT. KS claims that Fe &lt;60% local sponge iron products. This can encourage the independence of steel raw materials, which impacts on the independence of the defence industry. But the government must also protect and prioritize steel raw materials for national production for national steel production. With the national government steel industry, the consortium of vendors supplying raw material (iron sponge) to maintain the quality and supply of continuous sponge iron.</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>: iron sand, iron pellet, iron sponge</p>

Optimization of the color fastness and mechanical properties of pigment dyed PC fabric

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 396-405
Author(s):  
Abdul Azeem ◽  
Sharjeel Abid ◽  
Noman Sarwar ◽  
Shahzaib Ali ◽  
Ahsan Maqsood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Industrial Process ◽  
Color Fastness ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Washing Fastness ◽  
Market Values ◽  
Dyed Fabrics ◽  
Bending Length ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The purpose of this study is to improve the mechanical properties and reduce the stiffness/harshness of fabric associated with the pigment dyeing of textiles. Design/methodology/approach The fabric was pigment dyed with the addition of three different softeners and binders. The fabric was then analyzed to have improved textile properties by measuring tear strength, bending length, crocking and washing fastness tests. Findings The conventional route of pigment dyeing (without any softener) imparted poor mechanical and rubbing fastness. The softener-added recipe provided better mechanical, rubbing and washing fastness, and the stiffness values were oppressed as well. Practical implications Because of reduced stiffness, increased fastness and mechanical properties, the use of softener with pigment dyeing can improve the market values and satisfaction of the dyed fabrics. The finished product would also have better life and endurance. The process can be modified easily to have a better end-product with a negligible cost addition in industrial process, as softeners are cheap and used in low (10-20 g/l) in industrial settings without affecting the required shades. Originality/value This is the first report, to the best of the author’s knowledge, on the optimization of pigment dyeing of PC fabric with the addition of Helizarin and perapret softeners in dyeing bath.

Waning investment appeal will check the gold price

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Gold Price ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Reserve Bank ◽  
Near Term

Significance Having lost nearly 11% in January-March 2021, gold recouped some of its losses in April-June, but recent months have seen unseasonal weakness. Impacts Gold investment lacks popularity: two weeks after announcing its relisting, Russian miner Nordgold cut its plan to list in London. India has cut import duties on gold and silver to 7.5% from 12.5% and this will provide a boost to physical markets. The Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe will allow miners to export a portion of their gold; this will give them funds with which to boost output. Nevada is raising taxes on gold and silver mines to fund education under a law signed in 2021; the near-term impact of this will be limited.

scholarly journals Pathways for Low-Carbon Transition of the Steel Industry—A Swedish Case Study

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 3840
Author(s):  
Alla Toktarova ◽  
Ida Karlsson ◽  
Johan Rootzén ◽  
Lisa Göransson ◽  
Mikael Odenberger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Steel Industry ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Direct Reduction ◽  
Carbon Capture And Storage ◽  
Steel Production ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Production Plant ◽  
Low Carbon

The concept of techno-economic pathways is used to investigate the potential implementation of CO2 abatement measures over time towards zero-emission steelmaking in Sweden. The following mitigation measures are investigated and combined in three pathways: top gas recycling blast furnace (TGRBF); carbon capture and storage (CCS); substitution of pulverized coal injection (PCI) with biomass; hydrogen direct reduction of iron ore (H-DR); and electric arc furnace (EAF), where fossil fuels are replaced with biomass. The results show that CCS in combination with biomass substitution in the blast furnace and a replacement primary steel production plant with EAF with biomass (Pathway 1) yield CO2 emission reductions of 83% in 2045 compared to CO2 emissions with current steel process configurations. Electrification of the primary steel production in terms of H-DR/EAF process (Pathway 2), could result in almost fossil-free steel production, and Sweden could achieve a 10% reduction in total CO2 emissions. Finally, (Pathway 3) we show that increased production of hot briquetted iron pellets (HBI), could lead to decarbonization of the steel industry outside Sweden, assuming that the exported HBI will be converted via EAF and the receiving country has a decarbonized power sector.

Trusting records: is Blockchain technology the answer?

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Louise Lemieux
Keyword(s):  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Records Management ◽  
Infrastructure Management ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Registry System ◽  
Original Analysis ◽  
Management Controls ◽  
Near Term

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the value of Blockchain technology as a solution to creating and preserving trustworthy digital records, presenting some of the limitations, risks and opportunities of the approach. Design/methodology/approach The methodological approach involves using the requirements embedded in records management and digital preservation standards, specifically ISO 15,489, ARMA’s Generally Accepted Recordkeeping Principles, ISO 14,721 and ISO 16,363, as a general evaluative framework for a risk-based assessment of a specific proposed implementation of Blockchain technology for a land registry system in a developing country. Findings The results of the analysis suggest that Blockchain technology can be used to address issues associated with information integrity in the present and near term, assuming proper security architecture and infrastructure management controls. It does not, however, guarantee reliability of information in the first place, and would have several limitations as a long-term solution for maintaining trustworthy digital records. Originality/value This paper contributes an original analysis of the application of Blockchain technology for recordkeeping.

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