Green natural dye from Buddleja officinalis and its ultrasonic dyeing on cotton fabric

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore a new eco-friendly green textile dyeing. Natural plant Buddleja officinalis is traditionally used as yellow pigment addition in rice. It is worth developing its application and dyeing performance in cotton fabric. Design/methodology/approach Buddleja officinalis dried flower was extracted with ethanol aqueous. The extraction conditions including ethanol concentration, material to liquor ratio, extract time and temperature were optimized. Then cotton fabrics were dyed with Buddleja officinalis extraction under conventional and ultrasonic conditions. The effects of dyeing time, bath ratio, pH value of dyeing bath, dyeing temperature and mordants on K/S values were studied and the resulting color strength obtained by conventional and ultrasonic dyeing were compared. The ultraviolet (UV) transmittance of Buddleja officinalis dyed cotton fabric was also evaluated. Findings The color strength of the fabric dyed with Buddleja officinalis under ultrasonic conditions was higher than that under conventional conditions. Alum, Fe and Cu as simultaneous mordants improved the K/S value of the dyed cotton fabrics. Both washing fastness and rubbing fastness were fairly good in all Buddleja officinalis dyed cotton fabrics, washing fastness = 3–4 and rubbing fastness = 4. What’s more, the dyed cotton fabrics showed lower transmittance values as compared to undyed cotton fabrics and indicated potential UV protection capability. Practical implications Buddleja officinalis can be a new natural dye source for the ultrasonic dyeing of cotton fabric. Originality/value It is for the first time that Buddleja officinalis is used as a natural dye in cotton fabric dyeing with less water and the dyeing using ultrasound has been found to have an obvious improvement in the color strength and color-fastness.

Standardization and utilization of Himalayan nettle (Girardinia diversifolia) roots for the dyeing of silk fabric

The nature is abode to numerous plants, animal and mineral resources that offersustainable alternative to chemicalsused in textile dyeing. In this paper an effort has been made to utilize the roots of Himalayan nettle plant for fabric dyeing which grows abundantly in-the higher altitude of Uttarakhand as a weed plant. The extraction and dyeing variables were optimized for application on silk fabric on the basis of colour strength and wash fastness rating. Dye extraction carried out in aqueous medium at simmering temperature for 1.5 hoursresulted in better colour depth and washing fastness. Similarly, dyeing of silk at 90ºC for 90 minutes using 3 gm per 100 ml powdered dye material yielded better dyed samples in terms of colour strength and wash fastness. The obtained dye recipe is easy to be used by dyeing units at minimal cost since no chemicals are added during dyeing and raw material can be collected from pastures, around croplands and nearby forest areas.

Effects of the fabric substrate on performance and durability of textile-embroidered dipole antennas

In this work, several fabrics with different composition and structure have been used as the substrate for the production of wearable textile-embroidered dipole antennas. The performance of the antennas has been determined by measuring their resonance frequency, return loss and bandwidth. To determine their durability as wearable fabrics, the performance has been assessed before and after subjecting the antennas to washing and abrasion cycles. The results revealed that the woven fabrics presented a good washing fastness, even in fabrics having elastic fibers or low-crimp structures. In all cases, a good performance of the antennas was maintained after 30 washing cycles. For the abrasion cycles, the substrates with higher stability (measured as the crimp ratio) presented a higher wear fastness, whereas a higher variability was observed for the substrates with lower stability.

Preparation and characterization of self-cleaning cotton fabric loaded with self-dispersive and reactive biphasic TiO2

In this article, amino functionalized TiO2 (TiO2/KH550) was obtained in a mild reaction between 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane and TiO2 with the aid of concentrated ammonia solution. 4-(4,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazine-2-yl) amino) sodium benzenesulfonate (SAT) was synthesized and characterized by 1H NMR and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Self-dispersive and reactive TiO2 (TiO2/KH550/SAT) was prepared by nucleophile substitution reaction between TiO2/KH550 and SAT. Finally, cotton fabrics loaded with different amounts of TiO2/KH550/SAT were achieved by pad-dry-cure method. The chemical structure, dispersion and thermal performance of TiO2, TiO2/KH550 and TiO2/KH550/SAT were investigated by FT-IR, zeta potential and thermogravimetric analysis (TG). The crystalline phase, morphology, chemical composition and optical absorption property of cotton fabrics were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-Vis DRS). Moreover, the anti-ultraviolet, self-cleaning and washing fastness properties of cotton fabrics were investigated. It has been found that TiO2/KH550/SAT demonstrated excellent dispersion stability in aqueous even after standing for a month. Cotton fabrics loaded with TiO2/KH550/SAT possessed adorable anti-ultraviolet performance, highly efficient and durable self-cleaning activity as well as appreciable washing fastness property. The mechanism and possible reactions for the preparation of self-cleaning cotton fabrics loaded with TiO2/KH550/SAT were proposed.

Nano-bio finishing of cotton fabric with chitosan nano-hydrogels containing Rhus coriaria (L)

The goal of this paper was to study some chemical and physical effects of chitosan nano-hydrogels containing Rhus coriaria on cotton fabric. The finished fabrics showed antimicrobial effects against two pathogenic microorganisms, namely Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, and the particle size, as well as the effect of encapsulating sumac extract in chitosan nano-hydrogel on some physical and visual characteristics of fabrics, are then confirmed by using various methods, including antimicrobial testing, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. The encapsulation efficiency and release behavior of the samples are also studied. The as-prepared samples with higher sumac content have more ultraviolet (UV) absorbing activity (about 52%) than the un-treated sample, as well as excellent washing fastness and antimicrobial properties after five washing cycles. More specifically, these methods indicated negligible changes in color and thickness of treated cotton fabrics. Finally, the application of cotton fabric along with the synthesis of chitosan nano-hydrogel and sumac loading introduced a novel cotton fabric with high antimicrobial properties, washing fastness and UV protection property.

DYEING AND COLORFASTNESS PROPERTIES OF TENCEL FABRIC TREATED WITH NATURAL DYE EXTRACTED FROM ORANGE PEEL

The usage of natural dyes for coloration has attained attention in recent years due to their ecofriendly environment. Therefore, in this study, orange peel solvent extract is used as a natural dye for coloring Tencel fabric samples. Pre-mordanting and post-mordanting methods were accomplished with two different mordants, i.e. ferrous sulfate and copper sulfate. The dyeing shade effects were retrieved through colorfastness properties according to the ISO standardizations. The results revealed that the best color shade ([Formula: see text]/[Formula: see text]: 4.56) was achieved using mordant ferrous sulfate through the post-mordanting method. The effect of lightfastness on all dyed Tencel fabric samples was observed good (3–4) in both mordanting methods. However, mordant ferrous sulfate showed better lightfastness (4) than copper sulfate (3–3.5) through both mordanting methods. Comparatively, in the rubbing fastness, copper sulfate has superior results in both mordanting methods. The ferrous and copper sulfates in both mordanting methods have similar tests results (4.5) of washing fastness, acidic and alkaline perspiration. Furthermore, the FTIR test substantiated that not any structural change occurred through orange peel dyed Tencel fabric samples through both methods. TGA observed samples were relatively stable up to 300∘C temperature. Overall, the best results of colorfastness for Tencel fabric samples were obtained with ferrous sulfate mordant through the post-mordanting extraction method.

Sustainable Indigo Dyeing and Fixation Mechanism of Wet Rubbing Fastness Agent on Cotton Fiber in Silicone Non-Aqueous Dyeing System

Indigo dyeing of cotton fiber in the silicone non-aqueous medium dyeing system was investigated to avoid the multiple dyeing of cotton yarn or fabric, high environmental pollution, and the need for multiple washing and sand washing. After fixing, the rubbing fastness of dyed fiber could be improved to 3–4 grade and the washing fastness increased 1–2 levels. The mechanism of rubbing fastness agents was also studied. Most of the wet rubbing fastness agents for indigo dyeing were waterborne polyurethanes. After fixation, a film was formed on the fiber surface. Moreover, the rubbing fastness was improved by the electrostatic interaction between the cellulosic fiber and indigo after treating with fixing agent. Indigo dyeing of cotton fiber was possible in the silicone non-aqueous dyeing system.

Colour Strength and Washing Fastness Properties of Cotton Fabric Dyed with Kasunda Flower Extract

Colouration of textile materials is most important step in whole chemical processing of textiles department. There are various sources of obtain colours/dyes for the application. Natural dyes are the one of the emerging area in the field of dyeing of textile materials due to their eco-friendly in nature. In the present study the kasunda flower powder is used as a dye along with the mordants, which improves the dye up take and colour strength. The kasunda flower powder and natural mordants were applied in different concentrations to cotton fabrics and measured the colour strength in terms of K/S and washing fastness properties.

Preparation of Silver-Plated Para-Aramid Fiber by Employing Low-Temperature Oxygen Plasma Treatment and Dopamine Functionalization

Direct electroless silver plating of para-aramid (PPTA) is difficult due to its extremely low surface chemical energy. In order to facilitate the deposition of silver nanoparticles and to enhance the washing fastness, oxygen plasma treatment and dopamine modification were conducted before silver plating of PPTA fibers. Various techniques including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) were used to characterize the surface morphology, chemical composition and thermal stability of the silver-plated PPTA fibers. Electrical resistance and silver content of the silver-coated PPTA fibers before and after standard washing were also studied. The results showed that silver nanoparticles were successfully coated onto the surface of PPTA fibers with and without plasma treatment, but the coating continuity and the electrical conductivity of the silver-coated PPTA fibers were greatly enhanced with the assistance of plasma treatment. It was also demonstrated that the washing fastness of silver-coated PPTA fibers was improved after plasma treatment as indicated by electrical resistance and continuity of the silver nanoparticles after various washing cycles. It was found that the electrical resistance of plasma-treated PPTA-PDA/Ag fibers prepared at an AgNO3 concentration of 20 g/L reached 0.89 Ω/cm and increased slightly to 0.94 Ω/cm after 10 standard washing cycles. The silver-coated PPTA fibers also showed stable electrical conductivity under 250 repeated stretching-releasing cycles at a strain of 3%.

Decoction as an Alternative to Producing Indigo Tarum Areuy (Marsdenia tinctoria) Dyes and Its Role on Fiber Coloration from Cellulose

Indigo natural dyes are generally made by maceration-fermentation for 24 - 72 hours impacting on productivity. A faster extraction method is needed by decoction methods. The faster production of indigo tarum areuy dyes is done by decoction at temperatures of 60ºC, 70ºC and 80ºC for 5 minutes, 10 minutes and 15 minutes. The extract was adjusted to reach pH 11. Aeration was carried out 30 minutes and then deposited for 24 hours. Indigo dyes are determined yield, purity of indigo, and evaluation of the quality of the staining results using spectrophotometric methods and color fastness testing of washing. Increased yield of indigo dyes occurs at temperatures of 60ºC and 70ºC. At 80ºC, the yield decreases with increasing decoction time. The best temperature and decoction time for pure indigo yield and the quality of the dyeing results in cotton were at 70ºC for 15 minutes with a yield of 3.625 grams per 500 grams of leaves. The dyeing color of the cotton fabric has increased along with the increase in yield and the purity of the dye. The highest color determination is achieved by a cloth dyed by indigo dyes from the decoction process at 70ºC for 15 minutes, with a<em> </em>K / S value of 3.8754. The extraction time and temperature did not affect the washing fastness.