Argentine Paris Club deal aims for pre-election calm

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Content Type ◽  
Paris Club

Headline ARGENTINA: Paris Club deal aims for pre-election calm

Papal visit is part of Cuba's international opening

2015 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Financial Institution ◽  
State Institution ◽  
The United States ◽  
Content Type ◽  
White House ◽  
International Financial Institution ◽  
Us Congress ◽  
The Us ◽  
Paris Club

Significance Cuba is working on many fronts to advance its international insertion after the breakthrough restoration of diplomatic ties with the United States. However, progress is gradual and uneven. A first agreement on Cuba's debt has been reached with the Paris Club, underscoring Cuba's interest in regaining access to financial markets. The Latin American Development Bank (CAF) is the first international financial institution to engage with Cuba, but broader cooperation still faces difficulties. Impacts The popular pope's visit will strengthen the Church's political position as Cuba's most important non-state institution. It will also add to pressure on the US Congress from the White House to lift sanctions. Cooperation with CAF and other bodies will require Cuba to supply transparent and comprehensive economic data -- mostly still lacking. Economic reform is likely to see major new liberalisation measures before the Communist Party congress scheduled for April 2016.

Era of uniform African debt restructuring at an end

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Levels ◽  
Debt Restructuring ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Club Membership ◽  
The Face ◽  
Republic Of The Congo ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Paris Club ◽  
Governance Reforms

Subject African debt restructuring. Significance With debt burdens approaching or already at critical levels in many countries -- and with greater diversity in the makeup of African creditors -- attention is turning towards the risks for orderly debt resolution in the event of new crises. The lengthy and acrimonious restructuring proceedings in Mozambique and the Republic of the Congo are already deterring other countries from entering restructuring agreements, even in the face of severe budgetary constraints. Impacts Removing plans to pay Mozambican bondholders a portion of LNG revenues would dampen some public criticism over repaying contested debts. IMF deals in crisis states now require heavy governance reforms, but these are unlikely to stick given the poor durability of Fund reforms. China’s long-mooted Paris Club membership could increase compliance with restructuring terms and unlock more debt relief.

Cuban 'opening' will be gradual and limited

2015 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Diplomatic Relations ◽  
Monetary Reform ◽  
Cooperation Agreement ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Multiple Exchange ◽  
Material Benefits ◽  
High Level ◽  
Foreign Ministry ◽  
Paris Club ◽  
The Eu

Significance Although the promise of Cuba's 'opening' has brought a rush of high-level US and European visits, change will be slow. Negotiations to restore diplomatic relations with Washington are still mired in rules for embassy personnel, while EU-Cuban talks on a cooperation agreement are advancing, but slowly. Within Cuban society, expectations that US-Cuban rapprochement will lead to domestic detente will exert pressure for gradual political and media liberalisation. Impacts Foreign policy successes have yet to translate into material benefits for the population. Paris Club talks, after a 14-year hiatus, are the strongest signal yet that Cuba is preparing a return to international finance. Long-announced monetary reform remains pending, while multiple exchange rates undermine the economy. Sources close to Cuba's Foreign Ministry suggest that Castro himself will travel to Brussels for the EU-CELAC meeting.

More developing countries will face debt distress

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Foreign Currency ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fiscal Constraints ◽  
Debt Burden ◽  
Foreign Currency Debt ◽  
Paris Club

Subject EMDC debt distress. Significance COVID-19 has triggered a global economic crisis, surpassing the declines caused by the 2008-09 global financial crisis. Massive fiscal packages have been launched to mitigate the health impact and economic disruption, pushing government debt sharply higher worldwide. The debt burden is particularly onerous in many emerging markets (EM) and low-income countries (LIC). The reckoning will come when the pandemic subsides and investors scrutinise the debt sustainability of different countries. Impacts Currency weakness will raise foreign currency debt repayment costs while lower GDP will erode tax income, squeezing budgets in EMDCs. Weak healthcare and fiscal constraints will make indirect COVID-19 impacts harsher than direct effects for many EMDCs. EMDCs owe large sums to private creditors and non-Paris Club states such as China; these actors' approach is key to coordinated debt relief.

Elections may end attempts at orthodoxy in Argentina

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Movements ◽  
Exchange Rates ◽  
Structural Reforms ◽  
Debt Restructuring ◽  
Monetary Base ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Government ◽  
Paris Club ◽  
The Imf

Significance Lower spending and a contraction in the monetary base have helped reduce the gap between the official and informal exchange rates and devaluation expectations. The government also came to an understanding with the Paris Club to extend debt-restructuring talks, thus averting a new default. Impacts A poor electoral result for the government could see a shift to more expansionary policies thereafter. Fiscal and monetary discipline, unusual in an election year, reflects the Peronist party’s ability to control unions and social movements. In 2022 the government will focus on restructuring debt with the Paris Club and the IMF, but prospects for structural reforms are poor.

The More Control, the Better?

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeeyun Oh ◽  
Mun-Young Chung ◽  
Sangyong Han
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Design ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Story Structure ◽  
Content Type ◽  
High User ◽  
User Control ◽  
Rigorous Research ◽  
Control Versus ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Impact

Despite of the popularity of interactive movie trailers, rigorous research on one of the most apparent features of these interfaces – the level of user control – has been scarce. This study explored the effects of user control on users’ immersion and enjoyment of the movie trailers, moderated by the content type. We conducted a 2 (high user control versus low user control) × 2 (drama film trailer versus documentary film trailer) mixed-design factorial experiment. The results showed that the level of user control over movie trailer interfaces decreased users’ immersion when the trailer had an element of traditional story structure, such as a drama film trailer. Participants in the high user control condition answered that they were less fascinated with, absorbed in, focused on, mentally involved with, and emotionally affected by the movie trailer than participants in the low user control condition only with the drama movie trailer. The negative effects of user control on the level of immersion for the drama trailer translated into users’ enjoyment. The impact of user control over interfaces on immersion and enjoyment varies depending on the nature of the media content, which suggests a possible trade-off between the level of user control and entertainment outcomes.

GREEN OPEN ACCESS IN KENYA: A REVIEW OF THE CONTENT, POLICIES AND USAGE OF INSTITUTIONAL REPOSITORIES

Mousaion ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 25-54
Author(s):  
Wanyenda Leonard Chilimo
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Open Access ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Google Scholar ◽  
Research Institutions ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Institutional Repositories ◽  
Current State ◽  
Theses And Dissertations

 There is scant research-based evidence on the development and adoption of open access (OA) and institutional repositories (IRs) in Africa, and in Kenya in particular. This article reports on a study that attempted to fill that gap and provide feedback on the various OA projects and advocacy work currently underway in universities and research institutions in Kenya and in other developing countries. The article presents the findings of a descriptive study that set out to evaluate the current state of IRs in Kenya. Webometric approaches and interviews with IR managers were used to collect the data for the study. The findings showed that Kenya has made some progress in adopting OA with a total of 12 IRs currently listed in the Directory of Open Access Repositories (OpenDOAR) and five mandatory self-archiving policies listed in the Registry of Open Access Repositories Mandatory Archiving Policies (ROARMAP). Most of the IRs are owned by universities where theses and dissertations constitute the majority of the content type followed by journal articles. The results on the usage and impact of materials deposited in Kenyan IRs indicated that the most viewed publications in the repositories also received citations in Google Scholar, thereby signifying their impact and importance. The results also showed that there was a considerable interest in Swahili language publications among users of the repositories in Kenya.

Motivating Exercise Through Social Media: Is a Picture Always Worth a Thousand Words?

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caitlyn Johnston ◽  
William E. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Media Content ◽  
Exercise Motivation ◽  
Positive Health ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Within Subjects

In the present study, we examined how the influence of exercise-related social media content on exercise motivation might differ across content type (with images vs. without images) and account type (individual vs. corporate). Using a 2 × 2 within-subjects experimental design, 229 participants viewed a series of 40 actual social media posts across the four conditions (individual posts with images, corporate posts with images, individual posts without images, and corporate posts without images) in a randomized order. Participants rated the extent to which they felt each social media post motivated them to exercise, would motivate others to exercise, and was posted for extrinsic reasons. Participants also completed other measures of individual differences including their own exercise motivation. Posts with images from individuals were more motivating than posts with images from corporations; however, corporate posts without images were more motivating than posts without images from individuals. Participants expected others to be similarly motivated by the stimuli, and perceived corporate posts as having been posted for more extrinsic reasons than individuals’ posts. These findings enhance our understanding of how social media may be used to promote positive health behaviors.

Evaluation of gamma thalamotomy for parkinsonian and other tremors: survival of neurons adjacent to the thalamic lesion after gamma thalamotomy

2000 ◽  
Vol 93 (supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 120-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chihiro Ohye ◽  
Tohru Shibazaki ◽  
Junji Ishihara ◽  
Jie Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Reaction ◽  
Vascular Lesions ◽  
Thalamic Lesion ◽  
Mr Images ◽  
Unsatisfactory Result ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Rhythmic Discharge ◽  
Latent Interval ◽  
Fine Print

Object. The effects of gamma thalamotomy for parkinsonian and other kinds of tremor were evaluated. Methods. Thirty-six thalamotomies were performed in 31 patients by using a 4-mm collimator. The maximum dose was 150 Gy in the initial six cases, which was reduced to 130 Gy thereafter. The longest follow-up period was 6 years. The target was determined on T2-weighted and proton magnetic resonance (MR) images. The point chosen was in the lateral-most part of the thalamic ventralis intermedius nucleus. This is in keeping with open thalamotomy as practiced at the authors' institution. In 15 cases, gamma thalamotomy was the first surgical procedure. In other cases, previous therapeutic or vascular lesions were visible to facilitate targeting. Two types of tissue reaction were onserved on MR imaging: a simple oval shape and a complex irregular shape. Neither of these changes affected the clinical course. In the majority of cases, the tremor subsided after a latent interval of approximately 1 year after irradiation. The earliest response was demonstrated at 3 months. In five cases the tremor remained. In four of these cases, a second radiation session was administered. One of these four patients as well as another patient with an unsatisfactory result underwent open thalamotomy with microrecording. In both cases, depth recording adjacent to the necrotic area revealed normal neuronal activity, including the rhythmic discharge of tremor. Minor coagulation was performed and resulted in immediate and complete arrest of the remaining tremor. Conclusions. Gamma thalamotomy for Parkinson's disease seems to be an alternative useful method in selected cases.

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