Synthesis and properties of cotton fabric functionalized by dimethyl phosphite and perfluorohexyl group grafted graphene oxide

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 515-522
Author(s):  
Jia Xu ◽  
Jingyu Zhang ◽  
Jiahan Xu ◽  
Guangyuan Miao ◽  
Long Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Cotton Fabric ◽  
Hydrophobic Effect ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Dimethyl Phosphite ◽  
Untreated Cotton ◽  
Static Contact ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Fabric Surface

Purpose Nanotechnology has been able to bind to a wide range of functional textiles in recently. This paper aims to modify graphene oxide (GO) by grafting dimethyl phosphite and perfluorohexyl iodine. It was applied to cotton to obtain a flame-retardant, water-repellent and ultraviolet-resistant multifunctional fabric. Design/methodology/approach The GO-multi was synthesized by grafted dimethyl phosphite and perfluorohexyl chain and applied to cotton by the dipping-drying method. The surface chemistry of functionalized GO was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The thermal stability of the fabric was characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The combustion properties were evaluated using a microscale combustion calorimeter, match test and TGA. Hydrophobicity of film and fabric surface was characterized by static contact angle, and the UV resistance of the fabric was represented by the ultroviolet procetion factor (UPF) value. Findings Dimethyl phosphite and perfluorohexyl chains were grafted on the surface of GO successively. In the match test, the GO-multi/cotton kept the original outline of the fabric. According to the micro-scale combustion calorimetry (MCC) data, the value of PHRR and THR of GO-multi/cotton was about 45 per cent lower than that of untreated cotton fabric. It was found from the field-emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM) pictures that the residue of GO-multi/ cotton burned by the match method was more compact and the graphene lamellar structure remained more complete. The hydrophobic effect of GO-multi/cotton was improved compared to untreated cotton, but not better than the fabric treated by the perfluorohexyl chain-grafted GO. The UPF value of GO-multi/cotton reached 253, which indicated that the anti-ultraviolet performance of GO-multi was greatly improved after it was deposited on the cotton fabric. Research limitations/implications Although the hydrophobic effect was much higher than that of untreated cotton fabric, its hydrophobic effect was not satisfied, which may be due to the fact that the content of F element content was low. So, it is still needed to explore the modifying method to increase the functional component amount on the GO nanosheet. Practical implications This modifying method can be used in any of multifunctional textile preparation process. The hydrophobic and flame-retardant cotton fabric revealed a sample for use in outdoor sports such as clothes and tents. Originality/value To meet the needs of multifunctional cotton fabrics, the modification of GO with dimethyl phosphite and perfluorohexyl iodine has not been reported. The modified fabric has flame-retardant, UV-resistant and hydrophobic properties.

Design of functional cotton fabric via modified carbon nanotubes

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-78
Author(s):  
Jia Xu ◽  
Jing Yu Zhang ◽  
Jiahan Xu ◽  
Yuqi Chang ◽  
Feilong Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Heat Release ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Cotton Fabric ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Dimethyl Phosphite ◽  
Untreated Cotton ◽  
Static Contact ◽  
Fabric Surface ◽  
Combustion Calorimeter

Purpose One of the intensively developed in recent years new materials are hybrid textiles modified with carbon nanotubes (CNT). In this paper, CNTs was modified by grafting dimethyl phosphite and perfluorohexyl iodine. It was applied to the cotton to obtain the flame-retardant, water-repellent, ultraviolet-resistant and conductive multifunctional fabric. Design/methodology/approach The modified CNTs were loaded onto cotton fabric by impregnation and drying. The CNTs-multi was synthesized by grafted dimethyl phosphite and perfluorohexyl chain and applied to the cotton by dipping-drying method. The surface chemistry of functionalized CNTs was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The combustion properties were evaluated using a microscale combustion calorimeter, match test and TGA analysis. Surface hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity of fabric surface was characterized by static contact angle, and the UV resistance of the fabric was represented by the UPF value. Findings Dimethyl phosphite and perfluorohexyl chain were grafted on the surface of CNTs successively. The quantity of each component on the surface of CNTs was calculated according to XPS results. According to miniature combustion calorimeter data, both the value of maximum heat release rate (PHRR) and total heat release (THR) of CNTs -multi/cotton was about 65% lower than that of untreated cotton fabric. The residue after combustion of CNTs -multi/ cotton in the match test was more compact. The electrical conductivity of multi/ cotton is 225.6 kΩ/□, which is better than that of untreated cotton fabric. The UPF value of CNTs-multi/cotton reached 121, which was indicated that the anti-ultraviolet performance of CNTs-multi was greatly improved. Research limitations/implications Modifying method to increase the functional component amuount on the CNTs surface still need to be explored, which could increase the hydrophobicity. How to further improve the functional effect and the general synthetic steps will be of great significance to the preparation of multifunctional modified cotton fabric. Practical implications This modifying method can be used in any of multifunctional textile preparation process. The UV-resistant and flame retardant cotton fabric was revealed as a sample for use in outdoor sports such as clothes and tents. Originality/value To meet the needs of multifunctional cotton fabric, the modification of CNTs with dimethyl phosphite and perfluorohexyl iodine has not been reported. The modified fabric has flame-retardant, UV-resistant conductive and conductive properties.

Flammability and thermal properties of cotton fabrics modified with a novel flame retardant containing triazine and phosphorus components

2016 ◽  
Vol 87 (11) ◽  
pp. 1367-1376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaohong Dong ◽  
Zhou Lu ◽  
Peng Wang ◽  
Ping Zhu ◽  
Xuechao Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Release ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Cotton Fabric ◽  
Flame Retardancy ◽  
Decomposition Temperature ◽  
Cotton Fabrics ◽  
Cone Calorimetry ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index ◽  
Untreated Cotton ◽  
Index Value

A novel formaldehyde-free flame retardant containing phosphorus and dichlorotriazine components (CTAP) for cotton fabrics was synthesized. As an active group, the dichlorotriazine could react with cotton fabric via covalent reaction. The addition of 20.7 wt% CTAP into the cotton fabric obtained a high limiting oxygen index value of 31.5%, which was 13.5% higher than the pure cotton fabric. The results of heat release rate, total heat release and effective heat combustion indicated that CTAP effectively imparted flame retardancy to cotton fabric by the cone calorimetry test. With respect to the untreated cotton fabrics, the treated cotton fabrics degraded at lower decomposition temperature and form a consistent and compact char layer, which could be observed by thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Compared to the untreated cotton fabrics, CTAP performed an effective role in flame retardancy for treated cotton fabrics. Meanwhile, it stimulated the formation of char and promoted the thermal stability of treated cotton fabrics during combustion.

Flame retardance of modified graphene to pure cotton fabric

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Liu ◽  
Yang Du ◽  
Guohai Yang ◽  
Guoqing Zhu ◽  
Yunji Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Cotton Fabric ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Graphene Oxides ◽  
Nitrogen Doped ◽  
Nitrogen Doped Graphene ◽  
Doped Graphene ◽  
Phosphorus Doped

Phosphorus- and nitrogen-doped graphene oxides are conveniently obtained by the modification of as-prepared graphene oxide and characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared, and ultraviolet–visible spectra. The combustion performances of pure cotton fabric, respectively, enriched with graphene oxide, phosphorus-doped graphene oxide, and nitrogen-doped graphene oxides, are tested and evaluated. The results show that phosphorus-doped graphene oxide acts as the most promising flame retardant, which can effectively reduce the burning rate and heat release rate of the combustion process, with excellent smoke suppression effect. Based on the relevant parameters obtained from the experimental results of phosphorus-doped graphene oxide, Simtec simulation is operated to demonstrate vertical combustion of thin fabric before and after flame-retardant treatment, and the results are consistent with the trend of the experimental results and suggest a magnifying effect of phosphorus-doped graphene oxide.

Mechanical, morphological, flamability and thermal properties of artificial wood plastic

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emad S. Shafik ◽  
Medhat L. Tawfic ◽  
Adel F. Younan
Keyword(s):  
Maleic Anhydride ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Coupling Agent ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Efficient Coupling ◽  
Analytical Tools

Purpose The purpose of this study is to manufacture composites from sawdust and polymer high-density polyethylene (HDPE) with different loading from alum as natural and cheap flame retardant and subsequently characterized using standard analytical tools. Design/methodology/approach Artificial wood plastic composites (WPCs) were prepared by mixing HDPE with sawdust as a filler with constant ratio (2:1) using hot press. Polyethylene-graft-maleic anhydride (PE-g-MAH) used as a coupling agent between two parents of the composites with different ratios (2.5, 5, 7 and 10). Alum as a flame retardant was incorporated into HDPE with 5 phr polyethylene grafted with maleic anhydride (PE-g-MAH) with different ratios (10, 15 and 20). Flame retardant efficiency was investigated using differential scanning calorimetry, thermal gravimetric analysis and the technique of ASTM E162. Findings The results revealed that the composite containing 5 phr from (PE-g-MAH) exhibited higher mechanical properties and this proved that (PE-g-MAH) act as an efficient coupling agent using the aforementioned ratio. The results also revealed that incorporation of alum as a flame retardant increased the thermal stability of the composites. Originality/value Artificial WPCs are ecofriendly materials with a wide range of applications in the constructions field. Moreover, they have high mechanical and physical properties with low cost. Evaluate alum as a natural and cheap flame retardant.

Fabrication of temperature-regulating functional fabric based on n-octadecane/SWCNTs composite phase change material

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Jiali Weng ◽  
Shang Hao ◽  
Yuan Xie ◽  
Yonggui Li
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Phase Change ◽  
Latent Heat ◽  
Cotton Fabric ◽  
Screen Printing ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Shape Stability ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Photothermal Conversion ◽  
Fabric Surface

Purpose Fabrics with photothermal conversion functions were developed based on the introduction of shape stable composite phase change materials (CPCMs). Design/methodology/approach Acidified single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) were selected as support material to prepare CPCMs with n-octadecane to improve the thermal conductivity and shape stability. The CPCMs were finished onto the surface of cotton fabric through the coating and screen-printing method. The chemical properties of CPCMs were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, XRD and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The shape stability and thermal conductivity were also evaluated. In addition, the photothermal conversion and temperature-regulating performance of the finished fabrics were analyzed. Findings When the addition amount of acidified SWCNTs are 14% to the mass of n-octadecane, the best shape stability of CPCMs is obtained. DSC analysis shows that the latent heat energy storage of CPCMs is as high as 183.1 J/g. The thermal conductivity is increased by 84.4% compared with that of n-octadecane. The temperature-regulating fabrics coated with CPCMs have good photothermal conversion properties. Research limitations/implications CPCMs with high latent heat properties are applied to the fabric surface through screen printing technology, which not only gives the fabric the photothermal conversion performance but also reflects the design of personalized patterns. Practical implications CPCMs and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) are mixed to make printing paste and printed cotton fabric with temperature-regulating functional is developed. Originality/value SWCNTs and n-octadecane are composited to prepare CPCMs with excellent thermal properties, which can be mixed with PDMS to make printing paste without adding other pastes. The fabric is screen-printed to obtain a personalized pattern and can be given a thermoregulatory function.

UV curable flame retardant coating: a novel synthetic approach of trispiperazido phosphate based reactive diluent

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pundalik Pandharinath Mali ◽  
Nilesh S. Pawar ◽  
Narendra S. Sonawane ◽  
Vikas Patil ◽  
Rahul Patil
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Synthetic Approach ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Reactive Diluent ◽  
Wood Coating ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Uv Curable ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Wide Range

Purpose The purpose of this work was to develop a new trispiperazido phosphate-based reactive diluent (diphosphate-piperazine hydroxyl acrylate [DPHA]) and used as a flame retardant with an epoxy acrylate (EA) in ultraviolet (UV)-curable wood coating. Design/methodology/approach The concentration of reactive diluent was varied from 0% to 20% in the UV-curable formulation with constant photoinitiator concentration. The effect of DPHA concentration on film properties was studied by differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis, gel content, water absorption and limiting oxygen index. Findings The results showed that the viscosity of the prepared formulation decreased by increasing reactive diluent (DPHA) concentration which leads to improving the coating efficiency. A high concentration of reactive diluent (DPHA) of the cured films shows good resistance against stain, mechanical and thermal properties, which results in an increased glass transition temperature (Tg) and cross-linking density of the films. Originality/value The new trispiperazido phosphate-based reactive diluent was used in wood coating formulation, which resulted in excellent flame-retardant properties with higher cross-linked density with good stain resistance. This material can provide a wide range of application for coating industries to produce a glossy finish.

Study on UV-protection and hydrophobic properties of cotton fabric functionalized by graphene oxide and silane coupling agent

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feilong Shi ◽  
Jia Xu ◽  
Zhanzhu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Cotton Fabric ◽  
Coupling Agent ◽  
Silane Coupling Agent ◽  
Uv Protection ◽  
Curing Temperature ◽  
Hydrophobic Properties ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Silane Coupling

Purpose This study aims to prepare UV protection and hydrophobic fabric through modifying cotton fabric by graphene oxide and silane coupling agent. The graphene oxide and silane coupling agent (KH570) are anchored on the cotton fabric by a stable chemical bond. Design/methodology/approach Graphene oxide was prepared by modified Hummers method. The fabric sample was treated with graphene oxide and silane coupling agent KH570 using simple dipping-padding-drying method. The effects of the dosage of graphene oxide, silane coupling agent KH570 and curing temperature were determined by single variable experiment and orthogonal experiment, The UVA and UVB transmittances in ultraviolet light of the sample fabric were characterized, and the contact angle test method with water was used to indicate the hydrophobicity of the sample fabric. The structure and surface of the fabric were analyzed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Findings The cotton fabric was successfully modified by graphene oxide and silane coupling agent KH570. Compared with the untreated fabric, the surface of the fabric was smooth, and there was no gap on the fiber. The graphene oxide, silane coupling agent KH570 and cotton fabric combined tightly. The UPF value of the modified fabric was 50+, and the contact angle reached 138.1°. It had excellent UV protection and hydrophobic properties. Research limitations/implications Although graphene oxide and silane coupling agents KH570 had successfully endowed the cotton fabric with good UV protection and hydrophobic properties, graphene oxide and silane coupling agent KH570 are expensive and used in large quantities. There are certain limitations in the actual life and production process. Practical implications After treating with silane coupling agent, the hydrophilic fabric treated with graphene oxide is being translated into hydrophobic, and graphene oxide bonded with cotton. The modified fabrics also have excellent UV protection. This fabric can be used for outdoor sports such as clothes and tents. Originality/value Cotton fabric treated with graphene oxide generally by simple dip-dry-cure method is hydrophilic and graphene oxide is easy to drop. The usage of silane coupling agent KH570 as a crosslinking agent to link graphene oxide and cotton fibers has not been reported yet. The modified fabrics have both UV protection and hydrophobic properties.

Interaction of Flame-Retardant and Untreated Cotton Fabrics during Burning

1977 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 351-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanley R. Hobart ◽  
Charles H. Mack
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Cotton Fabric ◽  
Flame Retardancy ◽  
Oxygen Index ◽  
Cotton Fabrics ◽  
Transfer Effect ◽  
Geometrical Configuration ◽  
Untreated Cotton ◽  
Phosphorus Containing ◽  
Flame Retarded

Transfer of flame retardancy from fabric treated with THPOH-NH3 to untreated cotton fabric during burning was observed on fabric samples sewed together with glass thread. The transfer effect was evidenced by the development of substantial char and the presence of phosphorus and nitrogen in the char of the untreated fabric. Oxygen-index determinations on multilayered combinations of flame-retarded (FR) and untreated fabrics also supported this observation. The extent of FR transfer varied with the geometrical configuration of the layers and the FR add-on. Tests showed that smoke from combustion of THPOH-NH3-treated fabric, passed through untreated cotton fabric, was the means of transfer of phosphorus, nitrogen, and flame retardancy. The FR transfer effect was also demonstrated for several other phosphorus-containing flame-retardancy treatments.

scholarly journals Preparation and characterization of flame retardant cotton fabrics

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 5296-5300
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Cotton Fabric ◽  
Cotton Fabrics ◽  
Curing Temperature ◽  
Sodium Hypophosphite ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Untreated Cotton ◽  
Prepared Glass ◽  
Ray Patterns

An inorganic flame retardant glass was prepared using the melt methods. The prepared glass was characterized using IR, X-ray. The x-ray patterns and IR charts show that the formation of glass without any crystals. Cotton fabric was finished using different percentage of glass 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 % (w/w) in the presence of citric acid as crosslinker and sodium hypophosphite as catalyst. The flame retardancy of finished cotton fabric was performed using Limited Oxygen Index (LOI) technique. The results of measurements show that the value of LOI of untreated cotton fabric equals 19.6, when cotton fabrics treated with different amounts of glass ranging from 0.5 to 2 %, the value of LOI increased to become 23.6 at 0.5% and 24.8 for the higher glass concentration. The effect of curing temperature and time on the properties and the LOI of cotton fabric was studied.

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