Novel phenylacetylene based ketonic resins

2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 198-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Kizilcan ◽  
B. Erson
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Block Copolymers ◽  
Technical Information ◽  
Fluorescence Properties ◽  
Formaldehyde Resin ◽  
Step Method ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Naoh Solution ◽  
Copolymer Structure

Purpose – This paper aims to report the synthesis of resins having fluorescence properties, with the help of phenylacetylene (PhAc) by one-step method of in situ modification of ketonic resin. Cyclohexanone-formaldehyde resin (CFR) and acetophenone formaldehyde resin (AFR) were in situ modified with PhAc, in presence of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) by condensation polymerisation. Design/methodology/approach – Ketone, formalin and phenylacetylene were mixed and then 20% aqueous NaOH solution was added to produce the phenylacethylene modified ketonic resin. The solubility, molecular weight and thermal properties of the products were investigated. Findings – These new PhAc-modified ketonic resins (PAc-CFR and PAc-AFR) have fluorescence properties. Research limitations/implications – This study focuses on obtaining a fluorescence resin using a cyclohexanone, acetophenone and PhAc monomer which is an insulator. Practical implications – This study provides technical information for the synthesis of fluorescence comonomers. The modified resins contain acetylene groups. A chemical redox or radical system can be used to polymerise these acetylene groups and resins with much higher molecular weight. The resins may also promote the adhesive strength of a coating and corrosion inhibition to metal surfaces of a coating. Social implications – The resins will be used for the preparation of AB- and ABA-type block copolymers. These block copolymers may exhibit different properties due to incorporation of monomer into the block copolymer structure. Originality/value – PAc-CFR and PAc-AFR have been synthesised in the presence of a basic catalyst. Higher solubility and fluorescence intensity of the modified ketonic resins may increase their applications in the field of electroactive polymers and open new areas. These comonomers have fluorescence property.

Novel environmentally friendly tannin-cyclohexanone formaldehyde resin for high performance applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-101
Author(s):  
Nilgun Kızılcan ◽  
Selda Sert
Keyword(s):  
Organic Solvents ◽  
Condensed Tannin ◽  
Reaction System ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Formaldehyde Resin ◽  
Step Method ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Naoh Solution

Purpose Cyclohexanone-formaldehyde resin (CFR) was in situ modified with tannin (T) in the presence of sodium hydroxide. The purpose of this study is to produce eco-friendly tannin-modified cyclohexanone resins (TCFR) with a one-step method that has higher decomposition temperature than CFR. The solubility, molecular weight and thermal properties of the product were investigated. Design/methodology/approach Cyclohexanone, formalin (37 per cent aqueous solution) and tannin were mixed and 20 per cent aqueous NaOH solution was added to produce the resin. Tannin has environmentally friendly bio-based phenolic compounds that the tannin structure has been incorporated into the structure of the cyclohexanone formaldehyde resin during the in situ modification of resin, such as resole resin. Findings The improvement of the properties of the TCFRs produced from condensed tannin. TCFRs were soluble in common organic solvents. The product TCFR has a dark red colour. Research limitations/implications The reaction mixture must be stirred continuously. Subsequently, 37 per cent formalin was added drop-wise in total while refluxing. The amount of aqueous NaOH solution of it is limited, as the formed resin may become insoluble in common organic solvents. At the end of the reaction, a water-soluble resin is obtained. Then, the water of water phase was removed from TCFR reaction system, successively by evaporating with rotary evaporator. Practical implications This study provides the application of ketonic resins. The TCFR containing tannin groups may also promote the adhesive strength of a coating. Social implications These resins may be used for the preparation of adhesive. Condensed tannin, with a large amount of Catechol groups was considered for reducing the formaldehyde emission level on the adhesive system. Originality/value TCFR has been synthesised in the presence of a base catalyst. Environmental and ecological concerns have increased the attention paid by chemical industry to renewable raw materials.

Novel environment friendly olive pomace-cyclohexanone formaldehyde composite resin

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Selda Sert ◽  
Nilgün Kızılcan
Keyword(s):  
Organic Solvents ◽  
Condensation Reaction ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Composite Resins ◽  
Formaldehyde Resin ◽  
Olive Pomace ◽  
Adhesion Properties ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Naoh Solution

Purpose Cyclohexanone-formaldehyde resin (CFR) was in situ modified with olive pomace (OP) in the presence of sodium hydroxide. The purpose of this study is to produce eco-friendly OP modified cyclohexanone composite resins (OPCFCR) with a one-step method that has higher condensation reaction temperature than CFR. The water absorption properties, gloss value and cross-cut adhesion properties of the product were investigated. Design/methodology/approach Cyclohexanone, formalin (37% aqueous solution) and tannin were mixed and 20% aqueous NaOH solution was added to produce the resin. OP has environmentally friendly bio-based lignin, cellulose and phenolic compounds and the OP structure has been incorporated into the structure of the CFR resin during the in situ modification, such as resole resin and polysaccharide. The weights of pomace were used as 5% and 10% of the weight of cyclohexanone in cyclohexanone-formaldehyde composite resins, respectively. Findings There is an improvement in the properties of the OPCFCR produced from an agricultural waste that is very abundant in Gulf of Edremit region of Balikesir. The OPCFCRs were soluble in common organic solvents. The product OPCFCR has a dark red-brown color. Research limitations/implications The reaction mixture must be stirred continuously. Subsequently, 37% formalin was added dropwise in total while refluxing. The amount of aqueous NaOH solution is limited as the formed resin may become insoluble in common organic solvents. At the end of the reaction, a water-insoluble resin is obtained. Practical implications This study provides the application of ketonic resins. The OPCFCR containing phenolic groups may also promote the adhesive strength of a coating. Social implications These resins may be used for the preparation of adhesive. OP, with a large amount of catechol groups, was considered for reducing the formaldehyde emission level on the adhesive system. Originality/value OPCFCR has been synthesized in the presence of a base catalyst. Environmental and ecological concerns have increased the attention paid by chemical industry to renewable raw materials.

New comonomer synthesis from thiophene-2-carbonyl chloride and cyclohexanone formaldehyde resin

2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esin Ateş ◽  
Nilgün Kizilcan ◽  
Merve İstif
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Block Copolymer ◽  
Block Copolymers ◽  
Chemical Oxidation ◽  
Esterification Reaction ◽  
Formaldehyde Resin ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Carbonyl Chloride ◽  
Oxidation System

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to synthesise an electro-active monomer containing ketonic resins and then to investigate the redox reaction between Fe+3 and bound thiophene in comonomer. First, thiophene-functionalised ketonic resins were synthesised by esterification reaction of thiophene-2-carbonyl chloride (ThCCl) and hydroxyl groups of cyclohexanone formaldehyde resin (CFR). Thiophene-containing cyclohexanone formaldehyde resin (Th-CFR) was then polymerised by ferric salt. The structures of the specimens were characterised by means of Fourier transform infrared and Proton – Nuclear Magnetic Resonanse (1H-NMR) spectroscopy. Thermal properties of the samples were determined with differential scanning calorimeter. Molecular weights of the specimens were determined by gel permeation chromatography. The obtained samples were also characterised morphologically by scanning electron microscope. Design/methodology/approach – Synthesis of Th-CFR comonomers by a combination of condensation polymerization and chemical oxidation polymerisation processes is described. First, Th-CFR units were prepared by direct condensation reaction of thiophene-2-carbonyl chloride (ThCCl) and hydroxyl groups of CFR. Then, the chemical oxidation (CO) of Th-CFR in the presence of anhydrous iron (III) chloride salt (FeCl3) was performed in chloroform (CHCl3)/acetonitrile mixture solutions at room temperature. Findings – The important structural factor determined quantitatively for Th-CFR is the CFR/ThCCl ratio after reaction. The effect of the mole ratio effect of ThCCl and ketonic resin on the solubility, molecular weight, Tm and Tg values of the comonomers (Th-CFRs) were investigated. Research limitations/implications – The ferric ion (Fe+3) has a standard oxidation potential. Furthermore, FeCl3 can react with thiophene to produce a cation radical. FeCl3 cannot react with hydroxyl groups of ketonic resins. When ferric is used for in situ chemical oxidation application at relatively low temperatures (e.g. < 20°C), the oxidation reactions are usually less aggressive. Practical implications – This work provides technical information for the synthesis of conducting block copolymer and for the synthesis of chain-extended resins. The modified resins contain electro-active monomer as thiophene. The chemical oxidation system has been used to polymerise these thiophene groups and resins with much higher molecular weight might be produced. These resins may also promote the adhesive strength of a coating and corrosion inhibition to metal surfaces of a coating. Social implications – This will be used for the preparation of AB- and ABA-type block copolymers. These block copolymers may exhibit different properties due to incorporation of monomer into the block copolymer structure. Originality/value – Novel Th-CFR comonomers were synthesised. These comonomers have higher glass transition temperature (Tg) and melting temperature (Tm) value than CFR alone. The chemical oxidation system has been used to polymerise these thiophene-functionalised ketonic resins.

Isocyanuric acid-modified cyclohexanone–formaldehyde resins for fire-retardant polyurethane

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusuf Yivlik ◽  
Nilgun Kizilcan ◽  
Ahmet Akar
Keyword(s):  
Cyanuric Acid ◽  
Technical Information ◽  
Fire Retardant ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Formaldehyde Resin ◽  
Condensation Polymerization ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Isocyanuric Acid ◽  
Modified Resin

Purpose Cyclohexanone–formaldehyde resin (CFR) was in situ modified with isocyanuric acid (ICA) in the presence of hydrochloric acid or p-toluenesulfonic acid by condensation polymerization. The purpose of this study is to produce isocyanuric acid-modified ketonic resins that have higher melting and decomposition temperature, and to use the produced resin in the production of fire-retardant polyurethane. Design/methodology/approach Two methods were used for in situ preparation of ICA-modified CFR in the presence of an acid catalyst. Method I: cyclohexanone, paraformaldehyde and ICA were mixed, and then an acid catalyst was added to form the modified CFR. Method II: ICA and formalin were mixed to produce N, N, N-trihydroxymethyl isocyanurate, and then water was removed under vacuum. The produced N, N, N-trihydroxymethyl isocyanurate solution was mixed with cyclohexanone and paraformaldehyde, then an acid catalyst was slowly added to this mixture to obtain ICA-modified CFR. Findings CFR was prepared in the presence of an acid catalyst. The product, CFR, has a dark red colour. The resulting resins have similar physical properties with the resin prepared in the presence of a basic catalyst. The solubility of ICA-modified CFR is much different than CFR in organic solvents. Research limitations/implications This study focuses on obtaining an ICA-modified ketonic resin. Cyanuric acid has the form of an enolic structure under a basic condition; therefore, it cannot give a product with formaldehyde under basic conditions. The modification experiments were carried out in acidic conditions. Practical implications This study provides technical information for in situ modification of ketonic resin in the presence of acid catalysts. The resins may also promote the adhesive strength of the coating and provide corrosion inhibition on metal surfaces for a coating. The modified resins may also be used in the field of fire-retardant polyurethane applications. Social implications These resins may be used for the preparation of non-toxic fire-retardant polyurethane foam. Polyurethane containing ICA-modified resin may exhibit better fire-retardant performance because of the incorporation of ICA molecule into the polyurethane structure. Originality/value ICA-modified CFRs have been synthesized in the presence of an acid catalyst, and the ICA-modified resin was used to produce fire-retardant polyurethane.

Hyperbranched unsaturated polyester amide synthesized by two-step method

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-35
Author(s):  
Hongjuan Zheng ◽  
Weiqiang Song
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Unsaturated Polyester ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
Step Method ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Hyperbranched Poly ◽  
Practical Implications

PurposeHyperbranched poly(ester-amide)s (HPEAs) have been synthesized from diethanolamine and maleic anhydride with ethylene glycol as a core monomer by using a two-step method, which are marked as Hupea polymers, and dehydration was carried out in xylene under reflux.Design/methodology/approachIn comparison with Hupea polymers was synthesized by one-pot method, Hupea polymers synthesized by two-step method has different structure and rheological properties. The intermediate monomer and the resulting polymer are characterized by FTIR and NMR spectroscopies.FindingsAll of Mw, Mn and Mw/Mn of the hyperbranch polymers decrease with the core/monomer molar ratio increasing. The intrinsic viscosity ([η]) of the polymers decreases with Mw increasing in the investigated range of Mw and scales as [η]∼Mw-0.82, which implies that the molecular weight grew faster with core/monomer molar ratio decreasing than the volume in the investigated range of core/monomer molar ratio.Research limitations/implicationsThe hydrodynamic radius was calculated by using Einstein’s equation and scales as Rh ∼ Mw0.061, and the lower exponent reveals the slow growth in the volume of Hupea molecule. In addition, the viscosity of Hupea polymer in concentrated aqueous solution is independent of shear rate and slightly dependent on molecular weight.Practical implicationsHyperbranched poly(ester-amide)s (HPEAs) were synthesized by using a two-step method, which had different structure and rheological properties.Originality/valueHupea polymers show different features from Hupea polymers in structure and rheological properties, which revealed that the synthesis process of HPEA has effect on its performance.

Novel comonomer synthesis from thiophene-2-carbonyl chloride and polydimethylsiloxane modified cyclohexanone formaldehyde resin

2014 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 277-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nilgun Kizilcan ◽  
Merve Istif
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Chemical Oxidation ◽  
Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Esterification Reaction ◽  
Formaldehyde Resin ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Carbonyl Chloride ◽  
Oxidation System

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to produce an electroactive monomer containing ketonic resins and then to investigate redox reaction between Fe+3 and bounded thiophene in comonomers. First, thiophene functionalised ketonic resins (Th-CFPDMSR) were synthesised by esterification reaction of thiophene-2-carbonyl chloride (ThCCl) and hydroxyl groups of cyclohexanone formaldehyde resin (CFR). Th-CFPDMSR was then polymerised by ferric salt. Thiophene modified ketonic resins (Th-CFPDMSR) as comonomers were characterised by common techniques such as gel permeation chromatography, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimeter and scanning electron microscope. Design/methodology/approach – Th-CFPDMSR comonomers were synthesised by esterification reaction of ThCCl and hydroxyl groups of ketonic resins. Then, the in-situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) of ThC-CFR in the presence of iron (III) chloride salt (FeCl3) was accomplished in chloroform/acetonitrile mixture solutions at room temperature. Findings – Important structural factor determined quantitatively for Th-CFPDMSR is the CFPDMS/TCCl ratio after reaction. The mole ratio effect of TCCl and ketonic resin on the solubility, molecular weight, melting temperature (Tm) and glass transition temperature (Tg) values of the comonomers (TCCl-CFPDMSR) was investigated. Research limitations/implications – The ferric ion (Fe+3) has a standard oxidation potential. Furthermore, FeCl3 can react with thiophene to produce a cation radical. FeCl3 cannot react with hydroxyl groups of ketonic resins. When ferric is used for ISCO application at relatively low temperatures (e.g. < 20°C), the oxidation reactions are usually less aggressive. Practical implications – This work provides technical information for the synthesis of conducting block copolymer and for the synthesis of chain-extended resins. The modified resins contain thiophene. The chemical oxidation system has been used to polymerise these thiophene groups, and resins with much higher molecular weight might be produced. The resins may also promote the adhesive strength of a coating and corrosion inhibition to metal surfaces of a coating. Originality/value – Novel Th-CFPDMSR comonomers were synthesised. These comonomers have higher Tg and Tm values than CF-PDMSR alone. The chemical oxidation system has been used to polymerise these thiophene functionalised ketonic resins.

New Technologies for Decontamination of Radioactive Substances Scattered by Nuclear Accident / Nowe Technologie Dekontaminacji Radioaktywnych Substancji Rozproszonych Przez Awarie Nuklearna

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 283-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Nishizaki ◽  
H. Miyamae ◽  
S. Ichikawa ◽  
K. Izumiya ◽  
T. Takano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radioactive Waste ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Ferric Hydroxide ◽  
Nuclear Accident ◽  
Radioactive Cesium ◽  
Cesium Ions ◽  
Naoh Solution ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Water Rinsing

Our effort for decontamination of radioactive cesium scattered widely by nuclear accident in March 2011 in Fukushima, Japan has been described. Radioactive cesium scattered widely in Japan has been accumulating in arc or plasma molten-solidified ash in waste incinerating facilities up to 90,000 Bq/kg of the radioactive waste. Water rinsing of the ash resulted in dissolution of cesium ions together with high concentrations of potassium and sodium ions. Although potassium inhibits the adsorption of cesium on zeolite, we succeeded to precipitate cesium by in-situ formation of ferric ferrocyanide and iron rust in the radioactive filtrate after rinsing of the radioactive ash with water. Because the regulation of no preservation of any kind of cyanide substances, cesium was separated from the precipitate consisting of cesium-captured ferric ferrocyanide and ferric hydroxide in diluted NaOH solution and subsequent filtration gave rise to the potassium-free radioactive filtrate. Cesium was captured by zeolite from the potassium-free radioactive filtrate. The amount of this final radioactive waste of zeolite was significantly lower than that of the arc-molten-solidified ash.

Monitoring Polymer-Assisted Mechanochemical Cocrystallisation Through in Situ X-Ray Powder Diffraction

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luzia S. Germann ◽  
Sebastian T. Emmerling ◽  
Manuel Wilke ◽  
Robert E. Dinnebier ◽  
Mariarosa Moneghini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Powder Diffraction ◽  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Polymer Additives ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
X Ray

Time-resolved mechanochemical cocrystallisation studies have so-far focused solely on neat and liquid-assisted grinding. Here, we report the monitoring of polymer-assisted grinding reactions using <i>in situ</i> X-ray powder diffraction, revealing that reaction rate is almost double compared to neat grinding and independent of the molecular weight and amount of used polymer additives.<br>

scholarly journals Achieving Good Protection on Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polythene by In Situ Growth of Amorphous Carbon Film

Coatings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 584
Author(s):  
Rui Dang ◽  
Liqiu Ma ◽  
Shengguo Zhou ◽  
Deng Pan ◽  
Bin Xia
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Epitaxial Growth ◽  
High Molecular Weight ◽  
Amorphous Carbon ◽  
Transition Layer ◽  
In Situ Growth ◽  
Good Protection ◽  
Ultra High Molecular Weight ◽  
Carbon Plasma

Ultra-high molecular weight polythene (UHMWPE), with outstanding characteristics, is widely applied in modern industry, while it is also severely limited by its inherent shortcomings, which include low hardness, poor wear resistance, and easy wear. Implementation of feasible protection on ultra-high molecular weight polythene to overcome its shortcomings would be of significance. In the present study, amorphous carbon (a-C) film was fabricated on ultra-high molecular weight polythene (UHMWPE) to provide good protection, and the relevant growth mechanism of a-C film was revealed by controlling carbon plasma currents. The results showed the in situ transition layer, in the form of chemical bonds, was formed between the UHMWPE substrate and the a-C film with the introduction of carbon plasma, which provided strong adhesion, and then the a-C film continued epitaxial growth on the in situ transition layer with the treatment of carbon plasma. This in situ growth of a-C film, including the in situ transition layer and the epitaxial growth layer, significantly improved the wetting properties, mechanical properties, and tribological properties of UHMWPE. In particular, good protection by in situ growth a-C film on UHMWPE was achieved during sliding wear.

Coarse-grained simulation of the self-assembly of lipid vesicles concomitantly with novel block copolymers with multiple tails

Soft Matter ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Kantardjiev
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Dynamics ◽  
Block Copolymers ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Lipid Vesicles ◽  
The Self ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Copolymer Concentration ◽  
Copolymer Structure ◽  
Coarse Grained Molecular Dynamics

We carried out a series of coarse-grained molecular dynamics liposome-copolymer simulations with varying extent of copolymer concentration in an attempt to understand the effect of copolymer structure and concentration on vesicle self-assembly and stability.

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