A simple and efficient method for separation and purification of troxerutin on the SZ-3 resin

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuhan Li ◽  
Xiaolin Mu ◽  
Haiting Kong ◽  
Hongchun Pan ◽  
Hong Liu
Keyword(s):  
High Purity ◽  
Sample Volume ◽  
Flavonoid Compound ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Separation And Purification ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Status ◽  
Macroporous Adsorption Resin ◽  
First Time

Purpose In view of the current difficulty of separation of troxerutin, the purpose of the paper is to separate and purify semi-synthetic flavonoid compound troxerutin by macroporous adsorption resin (SZ-3). Design/methodology/approach Comparing the adsorption performance and resolution of three different polar resins and choosing a resin to optimize the process parameters such as sample volume, eluent concentration and elution temperature to obtain high-purity troxerutin. After separating and enriching by resin column chromatography, detected the sample by LC-MS analysis. Findings This research found that the optimal conditions of the adsorption and desorption were sample volume S = 90 mg/g resin, methanol concentration C = 25%, T = 20 °C. the content of troxerutin increased significantly from 88% to more than 96%. Then confirmed the sample was troxerutin by LC-MS. In addition, the resin could be used for at least 10 cycles in the separation and purification experiments of troxerutin. Originality/value Purification of troxerutin with new SZ-3 resin for the first time. Under the optimal conditions, the purity and recovery of troxerutin was 96.4% and 39%. In this study, the authors established a purification process of troxerutin successfully that was simple, economical, environment friendly, with high purity and high recovery rate to provide a reference program for changing the status of troxerutin separation difficulties.

Separation and purification of flavonoids from polygonum cuspidatum using macroporous adsorption resin

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyan Zhang ◽  
Runtian Wang ◽  
Yingyu Zhao ◽  
Jun Zhang ◽  
Boyuan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Flavonoid Compound ◽  
Utilization Rate ◽  
Separation Performance ◽  
Polygonum Cuspidatum ◽  
Separation And Purification ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Medicinal Value ◽  
Initial Extract ◽  
Macroporous Adsorption Resin

Purpose This paper aims to evaluate the separation and purification characteristics of flavonoids from polygonum cuspidatum (PC) extracts by using macroporous adsorption resins (MAR) mixed bed to improve the utilization rate of flavonoids. Design/methodology/approach Taking the separation performance of flavonoids as an evaluation index, the best MAR were screened from 31 sorts of MAR and combined the best MAR to form a MAR mixed bed for adsorption and separation of flavonoids. Findings By studying the separation conditions that affect flavonoids, the results showed that resin LZ-72 has best separation and purification effect on flavonoids under the optimal adsorption and desorption conditions, the purity of the obtained flavonoid compound reaches 82.50%, 2.66 times of the initial extract, and the recovery rate reaches 89.70%. Theoretical research results have shown that the adsorption of flavonoids by MAR conforms to the pseudo-second-order kinetics and Freundlich models. Practical implications Because the flavonoids in PC have great medicinal value, the purpose of this work is to develop a method of separating and purifying flavonoids from PC, which will provide a certain foundation for the development of medicine. Originality/value This contribution provided a novel way to separate flavonoids from PC. Under the optimal conditions, the content of flavonoids in the product was increased 2.66-fold from 31.01% to 82.50%, and the recovery yield was 89.70%.

Preparative separation and purification of flavonoids from Lamiophlomis rotata (Benth.) Kudo.

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 496-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingyu Zhao ◽  
Zhenbin Chen ◽  
Jie Li ◽  
Zhen Liu ◽  
Donglei Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Model ◽  
Adsorption Mechanism ◽  
Particle Diffusion ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Separation And Purification ◽  
Adsorption Dynamic ◽  
Plant Resources ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Intra Particle Diffusion ◽  
Macroporous Adsorption Resin

Purpose The purpose of the paper is to separate and purify flavonoids existed in Lamiophlomis rotata (Benth.) Kudo. by macroporous adsorption resin (MAR) mixed-bed technology. Design/methodology/approach The adsorption and desorption parameters were characterized by UV-VIS spectrophotometry. The optimal MAR mixed bed was screened based on the adsorption experiments; the experiment process was investigated by the order of single, two and three MAR mixed bed separately; and the adsorption performance, which was composed by the authority of 80 per cent adsorption ratios and 20 per cent desorption ratios, was adopted to screen MAR mixed bed for flavonoids. The adsorption dynamic investigated the order of reaction first, and then the adsorption mechanism was researched further. The adsorption thermodynamic investigated the adsorption isotherm first, and then the adsorption feature was analyzed. Findings This research found that MAR mixed bed of LS-840 + LSD301 with mass ratio of mLS840:mLSD301 = 3:2 was the optimized combination, and the optimal conditions of the adsorption were volume V = 50 mL, time t = 6.5 h, T = 40°C. The desorption conditions were ethanol content = 70 per cent, desorption time t = 3.0 h, T = 40°C. The adsorption dynamic experimental data fitted better to the pseudo-second-order, and the intra-particle-diffusion model was more suitable for expression of the adsorption mechanism in mesopores process, whereas the homogeneous particle-diffusion model was more suitable in microspores. The adsorption was a physical and multilayer adsorption, and the adsorption driving force was disappeared as it transferred to the fourth layer. Practical implications Find an efficient way to separate flavonoids that useful for human’s health, which can not only utilize of plant resources effectively, but also make outstanding contributions to medical industry. It has very high economic and social value. Originality/value This contribution provided a new way to separate flavonoids from Lamiophlomis rotata (Benth.) Kudo. Under the optimal conditions, the adsorption rate (F) of MAR mixed bed LS-840 + LSD301 to the flavonoids was 97.81 per cent, the desorption rate (D) was 90.02 per cent and the purity of flavonoids was dramatically increased about 2.08 fold of the crude extract from 28 to 58.4 per cent, and the recovery yield of flavonoids arrived at 91.6 per cent after a circle of adsorption/desorption operation.

Purification of flavonoids from glycyrrhiza by MAR mixed-bed

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 386-395
Author(s):  
XuDong Wang ◽  
Zhenbin Chen ◽  
Jiapeng Long ◽  
Chenglong Duan ◽  
Xueyan Du
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Desorption Rate ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Liquid Ratio ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Visible Spectrophotometry ◽  
Adsorption Performance ◽  
Macroporous Adsorption Resin ◽  
Adsorption Resin

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to separate and purify flavonoids from glycyrrhiza by macroporous adsorption resin (MAR) mixed-bed technology. Design/methodology/approach The adsorption performance of MAR and MAR mixed bed for flavonoids was studied using ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry. Findings The research shows that the MAR mixed bed of LZ-50+LZ-59 with a mass ratio of LZ-50:LZ-59(m:m) = 1:1 was the optimized combination with the optimal conditions of adsorption (pH = 6, T = 45°C) and desorption (liquid ratio R = 70%, T = 50°C, pH = 8) obtained, relatively. Originality/value This paper provides a novel way to separate flavonoids from glycyrrhiza. Under the optimal conditions, the adsorption rate (F) of MAR mixed-bed LZ-50+LZ-59 to the flavonoids was 62.5 per cent/g, the desorption rate (D) was 89.23 per cent and the purity was achieved at 80 per cent.

Lebanese polls may largely confirm the status quo

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Public Sector Reform ◽  
Regional Stability ◽  
Sector Reform ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Status ◽  
Electoral Law ◽  
First Time

Significance A new electoral law passed on June 16, 2017, for the first time allows expatriates to participate. It also gives independent candidates a chance to compete against the established sectarian leaders and parties. However, the overall sectarian structure of the parliament is unchanged. Impacts Significant seats for civil society alliance My Nation would increase pressure on a new government to address public-sector reform. Victories for Hariri and Hezbollah would favour regional stability, limiting the chance of Iranian-Saudi grandstanding over Lebanon. A surprise loss for Hariri would trigger an open contest over Sunni leadership in Lebanon, which would undermine Saudi interests.

Separation of flavonoids in the leaves of Sophora japonica by macroporous adsorption resin mixed-bed technology

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 235-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingyu Zhao ◽  
Zhenbin Chen ◽  
Donglei Liu ◽  
Jiapeng Long ◽  
Duolong Di
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Result ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Sophora Japonica ◽  
Adsorption Volume ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Macroporous Adsorption Resin ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Adsorption Resin ◽  
Adsorption Desorption ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to separate and purify flavonoids existing in the leaves of Sophora japonica by a novel method, macroporous adsorption resin (MAR) mixed-bed technology, and the optimal MAR mixed bed was screened based on the adsorption experimental result with the order of single, two, three and four MAR mixed bed separately. Design/methodology/approach The adsorption performance of MAR and MAR mixed bed for flavonoids was studied using ultraviolet – visible (UV-VIS) spectrophotometry. Findings This research showed that the MAR mixed bed of LZ-54 + LZ-67 with a mass ratio of mLZ-54:mLZ-67 = 1:1 was the optimized combination with the optimal conditions of adsorption (volume V = 140 mL, pH = 5, T = 35°C) and desorption (liquid ratio R = 50 per cent, T = 30°C, pH = 6) obtained, relatively. Practical implications This study aims to find an efficient way of separating flavonoids and other components that are useful for human health from Sophora japonica, which is complying with the policy of sustainable development. Originality/value This contribution provided a novel way to separate flavonoids from Sophora japonica. Under the optimal conditions, the adsorption rate (F) of MAR mixed bed LZ-54 + LZ-67 to the flavonoids was 63.65 per cent, the desorption rate (D) was 87.31 per cent and the purity was dramatically achieved at 58.17 per cent from 17.67 per cent after a round of adsorption/desorption operation.

Haftar’s Tripoli attack may ebb further in Libya

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Public Services ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Economic Power ◽  
Local Elections ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Status ◽  
Military Control ◽  
First Time

Significance Although Haftar has previously signalled his aspiration to defeat the armed forces in western Libya, this is the first time he has ordered a major assault on the capital. Haftar’s personal ambition to lead the country is well-known. However, he is also a vehicle for a section of Libyans who have felt excluded from centres of political and economic power since the 2011 revolution. Impacts The status quo of fragmented zones of military control is not unsustainable. Security in Tripoli will generally remain adequate for local government and public services to continue to function. Local elections planned for some municipalities this month may still go ahead.

Preparation of LX1180-SO3− and the comparative study on the adsorption behaviour of LX1180 and LX1180-SO3−

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting Huo ◽  
Zhenbin Chen ◽  
Jiapeng Long ◽  
Lei Kang ◽  
Duolong Di ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Adsorption Kinetics ◽  
Adsorption Behaviour ◽  
Separation And Purification ◽  
Healthcare Applications ◽  
Adsorption And Desorption ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Isolation And Purification ◽  
Macroporous Adsorption Resin ◽  
Matching Degree

Purpose – This work focused on the sulphonation modification research of highly crosslinking non-polarity macroporous adsorption resin (MAR) LX1180; the adsorption behaviour of LX1180 and its chloromethylation- and sulphonation-modified products (LX1180-Cl and LX1180-SO3−); and the influence of the structure parameters matching degree of MAR and flavonoids on the adsorption feature and adsorption kinetics. Design/methodology/approach – LX1180-SO3− was obtained by the processes of chloromethylation first and then sulphonation. LX1180-Cl and LX1180-SO3− were prepared through the principle of substitution reaction from LX1180 and LX1180-Cl, respectively. First, Monochloromethyl ether (ME), pre-treated ZnCl2, NaCl and iron powder were added into the swollen LX1180 to obtain the chloromethylated LX1180. Thereafter, NaCl, NaOH and SAA were added into the swollen LX1180-Cl to obtain the sulphonation modification LX1180. The conditions were investigated and optimised; the structures of LX1180-Cl and LX1180-SO3− were characterised by Fourier transform infrared chromatography (FTIR) and a specific surface area instrument. Finally, the adsorption kinetics and adsorption isotherm were used to evaluate the adsorption capacity of LX1180-Cl and LX1180-SO3− for flavonoids, and the adsorptions and desorptions of LX1180-SO3− with different sulphonation degree on different flavonoids were investigated systemically. Findings – Results showed that LX1180-Cl and LX1180-SO3− had been prepared successfully, and that after the sulphonation, the adsorption capacity tended to increase with the increase of adsorption time, and the equilibrium adsorption capacity of LX1180-SO3− was also higher than that of LX1180. Research limitations/implications – The research only investigated the adsorption and desorption properties for only one kind of functional group, and other functional groups should also be studied in future work. Practical implications – This contribution can provide a further base for the research of separation and purification of natural products with the aim to improve food additive removal or isolation and purification of flavonoids used for healthcare applications. Originality/value – The adsorptions and desorptions of LX1180-SO3− with different sulphonation degree on different flavonoids were investigated. The relationship between sulphonation degree and the adsorption and desorption capacities of flavonoids were also explored, and the results showed that with the increase of sulphonation degree, the adsorption of LX1180-SO3− to rutin and cyanidin was maximum, while the desorption ratio was minimum at the same sulphonation degree; this phenomenon could be ascribed to the variation in the polarity matching degree.

An empirical longitudinal study of adoption of lean management in India

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 1285-1306
Author(s):  
Jayaraman Rajagopalan
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Lean Management ◽  
Bottom Line ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Survey Tool ◽  
Indian Industry ◽  
The Status ◽  
One Year ◽  
First Time ◽  
Practical Implications

PurposeTo identify the factors that need to be addressed by Indian industry to steeply ramp up its production and productivity in the coming years, so as to achieve the goal of the country becoming a 5 trillion dollar economy by 2025.Design/methodology/approachLean Management Leaders in Indian Industry (LMLII), i.e. those companies in India who are well known for having adopted TQM, BE and Lean methods for many years, and achieved success in their business) in Indian industry were selected and surveys were done between 2013 and 2017, to assess the status of LM adoption, by using the LESAT (version 2.0) survey tool. A longitudinal empirical study has been done, over a period of five years, so that the identification of factors is based on a few years’ data rather than a one year, spot-check or snapshot view. A new method, titled the ‘Three Step Reverse Exploratory Factor Analysis Procedure (TSREP)’, has been attempted to identify the ‘root causes’.FindingsLMLII's have improved in their adoption of LM over these years by about 10%. The root causes that can help in further advancement in adoption have been identified and classified under six component factors.Research limitations/implicationsThe identification of LMLII's has been done based on the experience and views of experts in TQM/ BE/ Lean in India. Since this is a first of such study (viz., the term LMLII is being defined and used for the first time), this methodology has been adopted. However, in future, a systematic way to assess the criteria for LMLII's could be designed. Secondly, the sample size of LMLII's needs to be fully representative of the industry.Practical implicationsBy using the results of this study, Indian companies can accelerate their LM adoption programmes, leading to quantum jumps in production and productivity, so as to achieve the 5 trillion USD economy by 2025. The practical implications are immense.Social implicationsSince LM is a bundle of Lean, TQM and BE, companies adopting LM will, due to the inclusion of waste reduction through 5S, JIT, kaizens and continuous improvement, address the Triple Bottom Line (TBL) protocol of the UN. TBL has comprehensive implications on society and environment, climate change and sustainability of business.Originality/valueThis work is original, at least in three ways. First, in the use of the concept of ‘LML’. Second, there is no previous longitudinal study done on Indian industry in LM. Third, the TSREP is being used for the first time. The value of this research is in its findings, in the identification of key factors for future growth and the use of a novel technique for improving upon the accuracy, analytical rigour and legitimacy of the results.

Victorian Pain

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Ablow
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Victorian Literature ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Charles Darwin ◽  
Harriet Martineau ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Natural Philosophers ◽  
First Time

The nineteenth century introduced developments in science and medicine that made the eradication of pain conceivable for the first time. This new understanding of pain brought with it a complex set of moral and philosophical dilemmas. If pain serves no obvious purpose, how do we reconcile its existence with a well-ordered universe? Examining how writers of the day engaged with such questions, this book offers a compelling new literary and philosophical history of modern pain. The book provides close readings of novelists Charlotte Brontë and Thomas Hardy and political and natural philosophers John Stuart Mill, Harriet Martineau, and Charles Darwin, as well as a variety of medical, scientific, and popular writers of the Victorian age. The book explores how discussions of pain served as investigations into the status of persons and the nature and parameters of social life. No longer conceivable as divine trial or punishment, pain in the nineteenth century came to seem instead like a historical accident suggesting little or nothing about the individual who suffers. A landmark study of Victorian literature and the history of pain, the book shows how these writers came to see pain as a social as well as a personal problem. Rather than simply self-evident to the sufferer and unknowable to anyone else, pain was also understood to be produced between persons—and even, perhaps, by the fictions they read.

The Legal Status of Local Government in South Africa under the New Constitutional Dispensation

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mbuzeni Mathenjwa
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Case Law ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
First Time

The history of local government in South Africa dates back to a time during the formation of the Union of South Africa in 1910. With regard to the status of local government, the Union of South Africa Act placed local government under the jurisdiction of the provinces. The status of local government was not changed by the formation of the Republic of South Africa in 1961 because local government was placed under the further jurisdiction of the provinces. Local government was enshrined in the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa arguably for the first time in 1993. Under the interim Constitution local government was rendered autonomous and empowered to regulate its affairs. Local government was further enshrined in the final Constitution of 1996, which commenced on 4 February 1997. The Constitution refers to local government together with the national and provincial governments as spheres of government which are distinctive, interdependent and interrelated. This article discusses the autonomy of local government under the 1996 Constitution. This it does by analysing case law on the evolution of the status of local government. The discussion on the powers and functions of local government explains the scheme by which government powers are allocated, where the 1996 Constitution distributes powers to the different spheres of government. Finally, a conclusion is drawn on the legal status of local government within the new constitutional dispensation.

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