Remote chemical sensing: a review of techniques and recent developments

Sensor Review ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 453-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Bogue
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Sensing ◽  
Gas Sensing ◽  
Research Effort ◽  
Chemical Warfare Agent ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Sensing Applications ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Military Applications ◽  
Practical Reality

Purpose This paper aims to provide technical details of the techniques used for the remote detection of chemical compounds in a number of applications and also to highlight key research themes. Design/methodology/approach Following a short introduction, this first considers remote gas detection using the DIAL technique. Remote gas cloud imaging is then discussed, and this is followed by a review of chemical warfare agent detection technologies. A selection of research activities and product developments aimed at remotely detecting explosives are considered and, finally, brief concluding comments are drawn. Findings Remote gas sensing is now a practical reality, and products are available which can remotely detect, identify, quantify and in some cases visualise a wide range of toxic and environmentally threatening gases. These satisfy numerous industrial, environmental and military applications. Remotely detecting explosives poses a significant technological challenge, and despite some commercialisation, it remains the topic of an extensive research effort, much involving LIBS and Raman techniques. Importantly, much of this work also has potential in non-military applications, with several developments being shown to detect various industrially important compounds. Originality/value This provides a technical insight into the techniques and products used in a range of remote chemical sensing applications.

Robots in recycling and disassembly

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 461-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Bogue
Keyword(s):  
Research Effort ◽  
Electronic Waste ◽  
Waste Recycling ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Electronic Waste Recycling ◽  
Product Disassembly ◽  
Insight Into

Purpose This paper aims to illustrate the growing role robots are playing in recycling and product disassembly and provide an insight into recent research activities. Design/methodology/approach Following a short introduction, this first considers robotic waste sorting systems and then describes two systems for the disassembly of electronic products. It then provides details of some recent research activities. Finally, brief conclusions are drawn. Findings Robotic systems exploiting artificial intelligence combined with various sensing and machine vision technologies are playing a growing role in the sorting of municipal and industrial waste, prior to recycling. These are mostly based on delta robots and can achieve pick rates of 60-70 items/min and be configured to recognise and select a wide range of different materials and items from moving conveyors. Electronic waste recycling is yet to benefit significantly from robotics although a limited number of systems have been developed for product disassembly. Disassembly techniques are the topic of a concerted research effort which often involves robots and humans collaborating and sharing disassembly tasks. Originality/value This provides an insight into the present-day uses and potential future role of robots in recycling which has traditionally been a highly labour-intensive industry.

Emerging applications driving innovations in gas sensing

Sensor Review ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-126
Author(s):  
Robert Bogue
Keyword(s):  
Gas Sensors ◽  
Gas Sensing ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Technical Details ◽  
Self Powered ◽  
Organic Gases ◽  
The Military

Purpose This paper aims to show how a range of new and emerging applications are driving technological innovations in gas sensing. Design/methodology/approach Following a short introduction, this paper first considers developments relating to the needs of the military and security sectors. Wearable gas sensors, energy harvesting and self-powered gas sensors are then discussed. The role of gas sensors in mobile phones is then considered, together with details of new developments in sensors for carbon-dioxide, particulates and formaldehyde. Finally, brief conclusions are drawn. Findings This paper shows that a technologically diverse range of gas sensors is being investigated and developed in response to a number of new and emerging requirements and applications. The gas sensors respond to numerous inorganic and organic gases and vapours over a wide range of application-specific concentrations and are based on a multitude of often innovative sensing techniques, technologies and materials. Originality/value This paper provides technical details of a selection of gas sensor research activities and product developments that reflect the needs of a range of new and emerging applications.

scholarly journals Transfer of Plasmid DNA to Clinical Coagulase-Negative Staphylococcal Pathogens by Using a Unique Bacteriophage

2015 ◽  
Vol 81 (7) ◽  
pp. 2481-2488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Volker Winstel ◽  
Petra Kühner ◽  
Bernhard Krismer ◽  
Andreas Peschel ◽  
Holger Rohde
Keyword(s):  
Plasmid Dna ◽  
Genetic Manipulation ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Virulence Determinants ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Reliable Technique ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Genetic Barriers

ABSTRACTGenetic manipulation of emerging bacterial pathogens, such as coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS), is a major hurdle in clinical and basic microbiological research. Strong genetic barriers, such as restriction modification systems or clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR), usually interfere with available techniques for DNA transformation and therefore complicate manipulation of CoNS or render it impossible. Thus, current knowledge of pathogenicity and virulence determinants of CoNS is very limited. Here, a rapid, efficient, and highly reliable technique is presented to transfer plasmid DNA essential for genetic engineering to important CoNS pathogens from a uniqueStaphylococcus aureusstrain via a specificS. aureusbacteriophage, Φ187. Even strains refractory to electroporation can be transduced by this technique once donor and recipient strains share similar Φ187 receptor properties. As a proof of principle, this technique was used to delete the alternative transcription factor sigma B (SigB) via allelic replacement in nasal and clinicalStaphylococcus epidermidisisolates at high efficiencies. The described approach will allow the genetic manipulation of a wide range of CoNS pathogens and might inspire research activities to manipulate other important pathogens in a similar fashion.

scholarly journals ZnO Nanostructures for Gas Sensing Applications: From Tetrapods-Based Chemoresistive Devices to Carbon Fiber Integration

Proceedings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davide Calestani
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Gas Sensing ◽  
Zno Nanostructures ◽  
Sensing Applications ◽  
Wide Range

Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructures can be grown in different morphologies by means of a wide range of techniques. […]

scholarly journals Recent development of SPR spectroscopy as potential method for diagnosis of dengue virus E-protein

Sensor Review ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Alia Sheh Omar ◽  
Yap Wing Fen
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Optical Biosensor ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Multilayer Thin Films ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Sensing Applications ◽  
E Protein ◽  
Wide Range

Purpose This paper aims to review the potential application of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) in diagnosis of dengue virus (DENV-2) E-protein and the development of SPR to become an alternative DENV sensor. Design/methodology/approach In this review, the existing standard laboratory techniques to diagnosis of DENV are discussed, together with their drawbacks. To overcome these drawbacks, SPR has been aimed to be a valuable optical biosensor for identification of antibodies to the DENV antigen. The review also includes the future studies on three-dimensional poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimer-surface-assembled monolayer (SAM)-Au multilayer thin films, which are envisaged to have high potential sensitive and selective detection ability toward target E-proteins. Findings Application of SPR in diagnosis of DENV emerged over recent years. A wide range of immobilized biorecognition molecules have been developed to combine with SPR as an effective sensor. The detection limit, sensitivity and selectivity of SPR sensing in DENV have been enhanced from time to time, until the present. Originality/value The main purpose of this review is to provide authors with up-to-date and useful information on sensing DENV using SPR and to introduce a novel three-dimensional PAMAM-SAM-Au multilayer thin films for future research on SPR sensing applications.

scholarly journals Mg-doped and chemo-thermally treated ZnO nanoflowers for ethanol sensing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santanu Maity ◽  
P.P Sahu ◽  
Tiju Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Gas Sensing ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Sensing Applications ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Doped Zno ◽  
Ethanol Sensing ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Mg Doped

Abstract ZnO nanostructures are promising for a wide range of applications, including gas sensors. Ethanol sensing using ZnO remains unexplored though. In this paper, we report ethanol-sensing using un-doped ZnO nano flowers and Mg doped ZnO nano flowers. These are grown using a rather simple chemo-thermal process, making this a plausibly scalable technology. To study the structural and morphological properties of undoped ZnO and Mg doped ZnO nanoflowers, Raman spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), x-ray diffraction and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) are carried out. Ethanol sensing properties of undoped ZnO and Mg doped ZnO nanoflower devices are investigated toward different ethanol concentration (concentration range of 1–600 ppm at 100°C–200°C). Our findings show that 15% Mg doped ZnO nano flower is better than ZnO nano flower for ethanol gas-sensing applications.

Nanomaterials for gas sensing: a review of recent research

Sensor Review ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Bogue
Keyword(s):  
Gas Sensor ◽  
Gas Sensors ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Gas Sensing ◽  
Research Effort ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Titanium Dioxide Nanotubes ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Metal Oxide Nanomaterials ◽  
The Subject

Purpose – This paper aims to provide a detailed review of gas sensor research which exploits the properties of nanomaterials and nanostructures. Design/methodology/approach – Following an introduction, this paper discusses developments in gas sensors based on carbon nanotubes, titanium dioxide nanotubes, graphene, nanocrystalline diamond and a range of metal oxide nanomaterials. It concludes with a discussion of this research and its commercial potential and a list of references to the research considered in the main text. Findings – Gas sensors based on a multitude of nanomaterials are the subject of a global research effort which has generated an extensive literature. Prototype devices have been developed which respond to numerous important gases at concentrations which correspond well with industrial requirements. Other critical performance characteristics have been studied extensively and the results suggest commercial prospects for these technologies. Originality/value – This paper provides details of the highly topical field of nanomaterial-based gas sensor research.

scholarly journals Fiber Optic Gas Sensors Based on Lossy Mode Resonances and Sensing Materials Used Therefor: A Comprehensive Review

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 731
Author(s):  
Ignacio Vitoria ◽  
Carlos Ruiz Zamarreño ◽  
Aritz Ozcariz ◽  
Ignacio R. Matias
Keyword(s):  
Optical Fiber ◽  
Gas Sensors ◽  
Gas Sensing ◽  
Optical Fiber Sensors ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Fiber Sensors ◽  
Sensing Applications ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Diagnostic Applications

Pollution in cities induces harmful effects on human health, which continuously increases the global demand of gas sensors for air quality control and monitoring. In the same manner, the industrial sector requests new gas sensors for their productive processes. Moreover, the association between exhaled gases and a wide range of diseases or health conditions opens the door for new diagnostic applications. The large number of applications for gas sensors has permitted the development of multiple sensing technologies. Among them, optical fiber gas sensors enable their utilization in remote locations, confined spaces or hostile environments as well as corrosive or explosive atmospheres. Particularly, Lossy Mode Resonance (LMR)-based optical fiber sensors employ the traditional metal oxides used for gas sensing purposes for the generation of the resonances. Some research has been conducted on the development of LMR-based optical fiber gas sensors; however, they have not been fully exploited yet and offer optimal possibilities for improvement. This review gives the reader a complete overview of the works focused on the utilization of LMR-based optical fiber sensors for gas sensing applications, summarizing the materials used for the development of these sensors as well as the fabrication procedures and the performance of these devices.

Climbing robots: recent research and emerging applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 721-727 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Bogue
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Research Effort ◽  
Turbine Blades ◽  
Climbing Robot ◽  
Wind Turbine Blades ◽  
Climbing Robots ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Maintenance And Repair ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Potential Applications

Purpose This paper aims to provide details of recent research into robots capable of ascending vertical or near-vertical surfaces and to illustrate how the ability to climb is set to resolve a critical industrial need arising from the growth in renewable energy. Design/methodology/approach Following a short introduction, the first parts of this paper describe a selection of recent research activities that involve innovative concepts and designs. The second part discusses climbing robot developments aimed at the automated inspection, maintenance and repair of wind turbine blades. Brief concluding comments are drawn. Findings Robots that can ascend vertical or near-vertical surfaces are the topic of an extensive and technologically innovative research effort. Many developments take their inspiration from the climbing abilities of living creatures. Drones with the ability to adhere to and climb vertical surfaces are also being developed. Potential applications include inspection, surveillance and search and rescue. Climbing robots are poised to provide a solution to the need to de-man and reduce the cost of inspecting and maintaining composite wind turbine blades. Originality/value This provides an insight into recent innovations in climbing robot concepts and designs and shows how the ability to ascend vertical surfaces is being exploited in the robotic inspection, maintenance and repair of wind turbine blades.

The development of “fab-chips” as low-cost, sensitive surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrates for analytical applications

The Analyst ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 140 (3) ◽  
pp. 779-785 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley M. Robinson ◽  
Lili Zhao ◽  
Marwa Y. Shah Alam ◽  
Paridhi Bhandari ◽  
Scott G. Harroun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Chemical Sensing ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Sers Substrates ◽  
Sensing Applications ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Surface Enhanced ◽  
Surface Enhanced Raman

Modification of metal-coated zari fabric chips with silver nanoparticles results in sensitive, affordable SERS substrates which are useful for a wide range of chemical sensing applications.

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