Momordica angustisepala fibres and ant hill particles/polyester value-added hybrid composites for bumper application

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 136-145
Author(s):  
I.C. Nwuzor ◽  
Atuanya C.U. ◽  
Olisa O.
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Carbon Fibers ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Glass Fibers ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Percentage Error ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Structural Applications

Purpose The production of car bumper composites based on glass fibers and carbon fibers has been a continuous trend. These materials have standard properties; however, they are very expensive and are not readily available. Therefore, focus on the choice of reinforcement fibers is gradually shifting toward natural sources. Natural fibers are becoming attractive alternatives to traditional high‐performance fibers such as glass and carbon fibers for reinforcement in composites in structural applications. To produce a car bumper that will be less expensive and available leads to the development of Momordica angustisepala fibers (MAf) and anthill particles/ polyester hybrid composites. Design/methodology/approach The composite was produced by hand lay method. The physical, mechanical, microstructure and thermal properties of the composites were used as criteria for the selection of the material for car bumper application. The validation of the tensile properties was done using the finite element method. Findings The results should impact energy of 7.82J/mm2, 145.28 per cent improvement in tensile strength of the polyester increased by the addition of 6wt per cent MAf, and 5wt per cent anthill particles. Flexural modulus of 2269.01 and 2435.19 Mpa and flexural strength of 56.61 and 85.45 Mpa were obtained for the polyester and composite. The maximum temperature of decomposition was 370.00 and 472.00oC for polyester and composite. Validation of the tensile properties shows that with the difference between predicated yield strength the experimental gave a percentage error of 6.43 per cent and safety of 68.12 per cent. It can be concluded that the composite formulation with 6 wt per cent MAf and 5 wt per cent anthill particles in polyester can be used in the production of car bumper because the mechanical properties obtained are within the ranges used for car bumper application. Originality/value The composition of 5 wt per cent anthill particles and 6 wt per cent MAf in polyester has never been used in the production of car bumper before now; hence this work is novel and contributed to knowledge materials development.

scholarly journals Improvement of Performance Profile of Acrylic Based Polyester Bio-Composites by Bast/Basalt Fibers Hybridization for Automotive Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 100
Author(s):  
Anjum Saleem ◽  
Luisa Medina ◽  
Mikael Skrifvars
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Basalt Fiber ◽  
Fiber Composites ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Basalt Fibers ◽  
Bast Fiber ◽  
Bast Fibers ◽  
Resin Impregnation ◽  
Structural Applications

New technologies in the automotive industry require lightweight, environment-friendly, and mechanically strong materials. Bast fibers such as kenaf, flax, and hemp reinforced polymers are frequently used composites in semi-structural applications in industry. However, the low mechanical properties of bast fibers limit the applications of these composites in structural applications. The work presented here aims to enhance the mechanical property profile of bast fiber reinforced acrylic-based polyester resin composites by hybridization with basalt fibers. The hybridization was studied in three resin forms, solution, dispersion, and a mixture of solution and dispersion resin forms. The composites were prepared by established processing methods such as carding, resin impregnation, and compression molding. The composites were characterized for their mechanical (tensile, flexural, and Charpy impact strength), thermal, and morphological properties. The mechanical performance of hybrid bast/basalt fiber composites was significantly improved compared to their respective bast fiber composites. For hybrid composites, the specific flexural modulus and strength were on an average about 21 and 19% higher, specific tensile modulus and strength about 31 and 16% higher, respectively, and the specific impact energy was 13% higher than bast fiber reinforced composites. The statistical significance of the results was analyzed using one-way analysis of variance.

Flexural Response of Inorganic Hybrid Composites With E-Glass and Carbon Fibers

2010 ◽  
Vol 132 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
James W. Giancaspro ◽  
Christos G. Papakonstantinou ◽  
P. N. Balaguru
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fibers ◽  
Hybrid Composite ◽  
Composite Laminates ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Glass Fibers ◽  
Composite Plates ◽  
Carbon Composite ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Flexural Capacity ◽  
Compression Failure

By far, carbon and glass fibers are the most popular fiber reinforcements for composites. Traditional carbon composites are relatively expensive since the manufacturing process requires significant heat and pressure, while the carbon fibers themselves are inherently expensive to produce. In addition, they are often flammable and their use is restricted when fire is a critical design parameter. Glass fabrics are approximately one order of magnitude less expensive than similar carbon fabrics. However, they lack the stiffness and the durability needed for many high performance applications. By combining these two types of fibers, hybrid composites can be fabricated that are strong, yet relatively inexpensive to produce. The primary objective of this study was to experimentally investigate the effects of bonding high strength carbon fibers to E-glass composite cores using a high temperature, inorganic matrix known as geopolymer. Carbon fibers were bonded to E-glass cores (i) on only the tension face, (ii) on both the tension and compression faces, or (iii) dispersed throughout the core in alternating layers to obtain a strong, yet economical, hybrid composite laminate. For each response measured (flexural capacity, stiffness, and ductility), at least one hybrid configuration displayed mechanical properties comparable to all carbon composite laminates. The results indicate that hybrid composite plates manufactured using 3k unidirectional carbon tape exhibit increases in flexural capacity of approximately 700% over those manufactured using E-glass fibers alone. In general, as the relative amount of carbon fibers increased, the likelihood of precipitating a compression failure also increased. For 92% of the specimens tested, the threshold for obtaining a compression failure was utilizing 30% carbon fibers. The results presented herein can dictate future studies to optimize hybrid performance and to achieve economical configurations for a given set of design requirements.

scholarly journals Zero Stress Aging of Glass and Carbon Fibers in Water and Oil—Strength Reduction Explained by Dissolution Kinetics

Fibers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas T. Echtermeyer ◽  
Andrey E. Krauklis ◽  
Abedin I. Gagani ◽  
Erik Sæter
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fibers ◽  
Fiber Strength ◽  
Glass Fibers ◽  
Dissolution Kinetics ◽  
Strength Degradation ◽  
Strength Reduction ◽  
Chemical Dissolution ◽  
Structural Applications ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Over Time

Understanding the strength degradation of glass and carbon fibers due to exposure to liquids over time is important for structural applications. A model has been developed for glass fibers that links the strength reduction in water to the increase of the Griffith flaw size of the fibers. The speed of the increase is determined by regular chemical dissolution kinetics of glass in water. Crack growth and strength reduction can be predicted for several water temperatures and pH, based on the corresponding dissolution constants. Agreement with experimental results for the case of water at 60 °C with a pH of 5.8 is reasonably good. Carbon fibers in water and toluene and glass fibers in toluene do not chemically react with the liquid. Subsequently no strength degradation is expected and will be confirmed experimentally. All fiber strength measurements are carried out on bundles. The glass fibers are R-glass.

scholarly journals Improvement of the Mechanical Characteristics of Fiber Metal Laminate (FMLs) Used for Aircraft Wing Using Epoxy-Resole

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 79-89
Author(s):  
Saad Theeyab Faris ◽  
Ali Adwan Al-katawy ◽  
Ahmed Mohammad Kadhum
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Carbon Fibers ◽  
Mechanical Characteristics ◽  
Glass Fibers ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Aircraft Wing ◽  
Fiber Metal Laminate ◽  
Metal Sheets ◽  
Fiber Metal ◽  
Lower Ratio

The Fiber Metal Laminates (FMLs) was studied and improved the mechanical properties were used for aircraft wing. The FMLs are consisting of metal sheets reinforced with fiber bonded by matrix phase. The FMLs consist of seven layers to produce the Hybrid composite materials that made from 2024-T3 Aluminuim sheets with carbon and glass fibers as reinforcement and bonded using adhesion materials that are locally manufactured from resole resin with adding using epoxy resin. By using the FMLs, the mechanical characteristics have been improved and the weight of the aircraft wing has been reduced. The mechanical characteristics have been improved comparing to other FMLs using commercial epoxy. The FMLs with carbon and glass fibers have high tensile strength and elastic modulus but low yield and elongation comparing with the FMLs of carbon fibers as a reinforcement. The flexural modulus and impact toughness is high for the FMLs with glass fiber comparing with jute fibers with adding using carbon fiber as areinforcement.The Aramid Reinforced Aluminum Laminates (ARALLs) have low fatigue strength than FMLs using carbon fiber as reinforcement. The FMLs are lower ratio of ultimate to yield strength and density than 2024-T3 Aluminum alloy that commonly used in aircraft wing.

scholarly journals Hybrid fiber-reinforced composite with carbon, glass, basalt, and para-aramid fibers for light use applications

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinwon Cho ◽  
Jaehyeung Park
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fibers ◽  
Hybrid Composite ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Glass Fibers ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Hybrid Fiber ◽  
Thermoplastic Matrix ◽  
Reinforced Composite ◽  
Carbon Fiber Reinforced Composites

Abstract This study explores the possibility of incorporating carbon fibers (CFs), basalt fibers, glass fibers, and p-aramid reinforcement fibers into carbon fiber–reinforced composites for light use applications. Hybrid composites can overcome the weakness of CFs and provide flexibility to design materials with the desired properties. The mechanical properties (tensile, flexural, and puncture impact properties) of the prepared hybrid composite were evaluated according to the standards ASTM D3039, ASTM D790, and ISO 6603-2, respectively. The inherent properties of reinforcement fibers, weaving density, and impregnation of a thermoplastic matrix into the composite considerably impact the mechanical performance of the hybrid composite materials.

Effect of interlayer hybridization of carbon, Kevlar, and glass fibers with oxidized polyacrylonitrile fibers on the mechanical behaviors of hybrid composites

2019 ◽  
Vol 234 (9) ◽  
pp. 1823-1835 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Ebrahimnezhad-Khaljiri ◽  
Reza Eslami-Farsani ◽  
Ebrahim Akbarzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Energy Absorption ◽  
Carbon Fibers ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Glass Fibers ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Epoxy Composites ◽  
Polyacrylonitrile Fiber ◽  
Flexural Test ◽  
Mechanical Behaviors

This study focuses on tensile and flexural behaviors of epoxy composites, which have been reinforced by oxidized polyacrylonitrile fibers and high-performance fibers (carbon, glass, and Kevlar). In hybrid composites, the parameters of hybridization show positive or negative hybrid effects on its mechanical properties. The results of energy absorption achieved from the tensile test depicted that reinforced hybrid composites by two plies of oxidized polyacrylonitrile fiber and two plies of carbon, Kevlar, and glass fibers with energy absorption of 916, 700, and 899 kJ m–3 had the maximum hybridization parameter, which were 1.1, 0.64, and 1.54, respectively. Also, the mentioned hybrid composites with flexural stresses of 279.4, 198.5, and 167.3 MPa had the maximum hybridization parameter in a flexural test, which were 3.01, 2.68, and 1.80, respectively. Hybrid composites, which were reinforced by three plies of oxidized polyacrylonitrile fiber/one ply carbon fibers, three plies of oxidized polyacrylonitrile fiber/one ply of glass fibers, and two plies of oxidized polyacrylonitrile fiber/two plies of Kevlar fibers, had the maximum pseudo strain in their group, which were 0.12%, 0.65%, and 0.17%, respectively. The microstructure investigations depicted crossing cracks among oxidized polyacrylonitrile fiber and cutting the oxidized polyacrylonitrile fiber, which were caused to increase the hybridization parameters in mechanical tests. Also, it was found that as compared with carbon, glass, and Kevlar fibers, oxidized polyacrylonitrile fiber had a ductile fracture, which was the reason for the pseudo-ductility behavior in hybrid composites.

Hardness and flexural performance of 3D orthogonal carbon/glass fibers hybrid composites under thermal-oxidative aging

2021 ◽  
pp. 152808372198927
Author(s):  
Juanzi Li ◽  
Wei Fan ◽  
Tao Liu ◽  
Lili Xue ◽  
Linjia Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Failure Modes ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Glass Fibers ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Flexural Performance ◽  
Flexural Failure ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Experimental Findings

This study reports the hardness and flexural performance of the three-dimensional (3 D) orthogonal carbon/glass hybrid fiber/bismaleimide composites subjected to the accelerated aging conditions for 10, 30, 90, 120, and 180 days at 250 °C in an air environment. The rate of reduction in the flexural performance and failure modes were observed, in general, to be related to the aging time. The experimental findings revealed that the significant decline in the flexural performance of the samples aged for less than 30 days was predominantly attributed to the matrix degradation, while for the longer aging durations, the cracks in the composites and decomposition of the residual matrix were responsible for the gradual reduction in the flexural performance. The unaged and 30 days aged samples suffered a brittle failure represented by the macro-cracks and fiber breakage, while the cracked fiber/matrix interface and loosened fiber bundles were the main failure modes for the samples aged for longer times. The changes in the flexural failure modes resulted due to the severe degradation of the matrix under an extreme thermo-oxidative environment. Subsequently, a nonlinear relationship relating the flexural modulus to hardness was proposed.

Tensile Properties characterization of Glass and Jute Fabric-based Hybrid Composites and Applications in Engineering

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Yasir Khalid ◽  
Zia Ullah Arif ◽  
Muhammad Fahad Sheikh ◽  
Hassan Arshad ◽  
Muhammad Ali Nasir
Keyword(s):  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Jute Fiber ◽  
Weight Percentage ◽  
Jute Fabric ◽  
Pull Out ◽  
Structural Applications

Abstract Composites have an exceptional prospective to replace traditional metals like steel and aluminium by offering low weight, high strength, excellent damping characteristics and outstanding performance at elevated temperatures. Jute composites are emerging significantly and are being used in the formation of green composites materials. In this study, glass-jute hybrid composites, prepared through hand layup techniques, were used with different layers of glass and jute fiber. The tensile test carried out on these composite materials was according to ASTM D3039 standard. The experimental results stipulate that the tensile properties of Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) were not affected by the mixing of jute fiber in it. Also, the strength of single layer jute fabric with glass layers and GFRP composites was found out to be almost the same. Furthermore, the hybridization of jute fiber with glass fiber could improve its tensile properties. In addition to this, a numerical simulation using ABAQUS was performed, and an error of nearly 4% was found between the results obtained using numerical and experimental approaches. The error may have been resulted due to the non -uniformity in diameter of jute fiber. Moreover, to find the interfacial strength of the material, Fractography was performed on OLYMPUS Microscope. The results obtained from this analysis indicates that more pull out of jute fabric in high jute weight percentage composites is the leading cause of its lower tensile strength. The benefits of hybrid composites could be seen in many engineering and structural applications including skateboard, hockey and automobile’s interior and exterior parts.

Dref-3 yarn structure with plied staple fibrous core

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 235-246
Author(s):  
Manik Bhowmick ◽  
Arup Kumar Rakshit ◽  
Sajal Kumar Chattopadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Staple Fibre ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Core ◽  
Spun Yarns ◽  
Yarn Structure ◽  
Single Yarn ◽  
Core Yarn

Purpose Dref-3 friction spun core yarns produced using staple fibre yarn as the core, e.g. Jute core yarn wrapped with cotton fibre, have poorer mechanical properties compared to the core yarn itself. The purpose of this study was to understand the structure of such yarns, that will lead to the optimization of fibre, machine and process variables for production of better quality yarn from the Dref-3/3000 machines. Design/methodology/approach The Dref spinning trials were conducted following a full factorial design with six variables, all with two operative levels. The Dref-3 friction spun yarn, in which the core is a plied, twisted ring yarn composed of cotton singles and the sheath, formed from the same cotton fibres making the singles, has been examined. The structures have also been studied by using the tracer fibre technique. Findings It was observed that rather than depending on the plied core yarn, the tensile properties of the Dref-3 yarn are significantly determined by the parameters those affect the constituent single yarn tensile properties, i.e. the amount of twist and its twist direction, yarn linear density and the sheath fibre proportion used during the Dref spinning in making the final yarn. Further, when the twist direction of single yarn, double yarn and the Dref spinning false twisting are in the same direction, the produced core-sheath yarn exhibits better tensile properties. Practical implications The understanding of the yarn structure will lead to optimized production of all staple fibre core Dref spun yarns. Social implications The research work may lead to utilization of coarse and harsh untapped natural fibres to the production of value-added textile products. Originality/value Though an earlier research has reported the effects of sheath fibre fineness and length on the tensile and bending properties of Dref-3 friction yarn, the present study is the first documented attempt using the tracer fibre technique to understand Dref-3 yarn structure with plied staple fibrous core.

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