Consumer social responsibility (CnSR): antecedents and tool validation

PurposeGlobal warming and drastic environment fluctuations have given rise to worldwide emergency, demanding to discover the most unexplored area in the field of social responsibility that is, consumer social responsibility (CnSR). This study aims to define the novel term “CnSR” and its antecedents to accomplish long-term sustainability. An in-depth analysis is executed to discover key antecedents, and proposed tool validation is implemented with the help of the big size of consumer population.Design/methodology/approachPrimary data are collated using consumer responses, and reliability statistics were analyzed implementing Cronbach's alpha, and factor analysis is performed for required validation.FindingsProbing existing research, CnSR was mostly correlated with consumers’ ethical and moral behavior. The present work proposes a unique tool which has successfully revealed a broader approach resulting in four vital antecedents: environmental orientation (EO), ethical and moral disposition (EMD), spiritual orientation (SO) and orientation toward shared consumption (OSC). Cronbach's alpha is adopted to determine internal consistency of the survey and has showed precision of 0.953 which affirms accuracy of the proposed tool.Research limitations/implicationsSplitting of EO using factor analysis into environmental oriented preference (EOP) and recyclable oriented preference (ROP) has indicated further required inputs for better understanding.Practical implicationsSustainable issues were limited to corporates in the form of corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities. Present work demands consumer awareness about their consumption consequences and fix their responsibility to achieve long-term sustainability.Originality/valueThe present study is the first to identify the antecedents of CnSR and effectively demonstrates a tool for the same.

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Development and validation of the Expanded Mindful Eating Scale

International Journal of Health Care Quality Assurance ◽

10.1108/ijhcqa-01-2020-0009 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 33 (4/5) ◽

pp. 309-321

Author(s):

Yui Kawasaki ◽

Rie Akamatsu ◽

Mika Omori ◽

Masumi Sugawara ◽

Yoko Yamazaki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Health Study ◽

Measurement Tool ◽

Mindful Eating ◽

Drive For Thinness ◽

Cronbach’S Alpha ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Content Type ◽

Cronbach's Alpha

PurposeTo develop and validate the Expanded Mindful Eating Scale (EMES), an expanded mindful eating model created for the promotion of health and sustainability.Design/methodology/approachA cross-sectional study using self-administered questionnaire surveys on Ochanomizu Health Study (OHS) was conducted. The survey was provided to 1,388 female university students in Tokyo, Japan. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and a partial correlation analysis were used to confirm construct and criterion validity. Internal consistency of the EMES was confirmed to calculate Cronbach's alpha.FindingsThe response rate was 38.7 % (n = 537). Mean BMI was 20.21 ± 2.12, and 18.8% of them were classified as “lean” (BMI < 18.5). The authors listed 25 items and obtained a final factor structure of five factors and 20 items, as a result of EFA. Through CFA, the authors obtained the following fit indices for a final model: GFI = 0.914, AGFI = 0.890, CFI = 0.870 and RMSEA = 0.061. The total EMES score was significantly correlated with BMI, mindfulness, body dissatisfaction, drive for thinness and life satisfaction (r = −0.138, −0.315, −0.339, −0.281 and 0.149, p < 0.01, respectively). Cronbach's alpha for all items in this scale was 0.687.Practical implicationsThe authors suggest the possibility that practitioners and researchers of mindful eating that includes this new concept can use authors’ novel scale as an effective measurement tool.Originality/valueThe EMES, which can multidimensionally measure the concept of the expanded model of mindful eating was first developed in this study.

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Measuring impact of financial inclusion on rural development through cooperatives

International Journal of Social Economics ◽

10.1108/ijse-02-2018-0057 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 46 (3) ◽

pp. 352-376

Author(s):

Tarsem Lal

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Rural Development ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Financial Inclusion ◽

Inclusive Development ◽

Primary Data ◽

Inclusive Growth ◽

Content Type ◽

Depth Analysis ◽

The Impact

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to measure the impact of financial inclusion on rural development through cooperatives.Design/methodology/approachThe primary data were collected from 540 beneficiaries of Cooperatives banks operating in three northern states of India, i.e., J&K, Himachal Pradesh and Punjab using purposive sampling during January to June 2016. Exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, ANOVA,t-test and structural equation modelling were used for scale purification and data analysis.FindingsThe findings of the study revealed that financial inclusion through cooperatives has direct and significant impact on rural development. Further, the results support the notion that financial inclusion is a strategy of inclusive growth, but inclusive growth itself is a subset of a larger set of inclusive development which means that the benefit must reach the all, particularly the women and the children, minority groups, the extremely poor and those pushed below the poverty line by natural and human-made disasters.Research limitations/implicationsThe research has certain inescapable limitations. First, the in-depth analysis of the study is restricted to three northern states of India only because of time and resource constraints. Second, the study is confined to the perception of financial inclusion beneficiaries only, which in future could be carried further on the perception of other stakeholders such as SHGs, banking correspondents, etc. Third, possibility of subjective interpretation in some cases cannot be ruled out.Originality/valueThe study makes contribution towards financial inclusion literature relating to sustainable rural development and fulfils the research gap to some extent by assessing the impact of financial inclusion on rural development through cooperatives.

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Predisposition towards foreign brands and materialism: a quantitative assessment

Journal of Asia Business Studies ◽

10.1108/jabs-08-2015-0144 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 41-59 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Aastha Verma Vohra ◽

Garima Gupta

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽

Primary Data ◽

Extensive Literature ◽

Content Type ◽

Consumer Demographics ◽

Depth Analysis ◽

Confirmatory Factor ◽

Indian Consumers ◽

Foreign Brands

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify the dimensions of predisposition towards foreign brands (PTFB) for Indian consumers and examine their impact on materialism/materialist value (MAT). The study further conducts an in-depth analysis of these constructs for possible variations across consumer demographics. Design/methodology/approach Using a structured questionnaire, primary data were collected from 487 respondents in the city of Delhi and National Capital Region (NCR). While a modified scale was developed to operationalize PTFB, the measurement instrument for MAT was adapted on the basis of an extensive literature review. Statistical techniques such as Exploratory factor analysis, Confirmatory factor analysis, t-test, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and regression analysis were used to test various hypotheses of the study. Findings The study identified five dimensions of PTFB, namely, “Reputation”, “Preference”, “Country of Origin”, “Accessibility” and “Quality”, through confirmatory factor analysis in structural equation modelling. Except for “Preference” and “Accessibility”, all remaining dimensions were found to be exerting a significant impact on MAT. The results further indicate that consumers’ PTFB as well as their MAT differs across demographics such as age, income, gender, occupation and qualification. Practical implications The paper brings to the fore useful insights for marketers of foreign brands. The findings can be effectively used for developing a more focused marketing strategy for Indian consumers by helping in identifying demographic segments that are more responsive and susceptible to the entry of foreign brands in Indian markets. Originality/value The paper attempts to develop a more robust instrument for measurement of consumers’ PTFB and provides dimensions constituting the construct for consumers of emerging markets such as India. The current research also indicates that there exists a significant variation in PTFB and MAT for different demographic segments of consumers.

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A tale of dual-approach construct validation and reliability testing for a Zika infection awareness knowledge questionnaire

Journal of Health Research ◽

10.1108/jhr-08-2020-0332 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Chin Mun Wong ◽

Mohd Rohaizat Hassan ◽

Rozita Hod ◽

Sharifa Ezat Wan Puteh ◽

Sazaly Abu Bakar

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Small Sample Size ◽

Small Sample ◽

Cronbach’S Alpha ◽

Knowledge Domain ◽

Dual Approach ◽

Content Type ◽

Cronbach's Alpha ◽

Knowledge Questionnaire ◽

Validated Questionnaire

PurposeThis study aims to validate the English version of a WHO-adapted questionnaire: Zika infection awareness/knowledge questionnaire using a unique dual-approach validation model.Design/methodology/approachA cross-sectional pilot study of 30 adult respondents in Malaysia completed the self-administered questionnaire on knowledge and perception to Zika infection. Construct validity was assessed by exploratory factor analysis (EFA) of SPSS and Rasch partial credit. Reliability is tested using pKR20 and Cronbach’s alpha.FindingsKnowledge construct was unidimensional, good model fit, easy to endorse and well discriminative. Five-rating Likert scale for perception domain was appropriate. Knowledge domain should be separated into 6 level of difficulties. Perception domain should remain as one construct. Knowledge domain was highly reliability (pKR20 = 0.96), perception domain was fairly reliable (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.641). Respondent's ability to answer knowledge domain and perception domain were separated into 3 and 4 levels.Research limitations/implicationsSmall sample size may affect factor analysis.Practical implicationsThe questionnaire has good psychometric properties to measure the knowledge and perception of Zika infection among Malaysian community.Social implicationsThe questionnaire helped to gauge knowledge and perception of the general community in Malaysia to aid preparation of health education tool for Zika infection.Originality/valueThis paper validated questionnaire with two biostatistical software programs in bidirectional approach – items difficulty and respondents' ability – is the first field test of WHO questionnaire among general population in Southeast Asia.

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Validation of the Patient-Centred Care Competency Scale Instrument for Finnish Nurses

Journal of Personalized Medicine ◽

10.3390/jpm11060583 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 583

Author(s):

Riitta Suhonen ◽

Katja Lahtinen ◽

Minna Stolt ◽

Miko Pasanen ◽

Terhi Lemetti

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Root Mean Square ◽

Goodness Of Fit ◽

Item Analysis ◽

Healthcare Delivery ◽

Mean Square ◽

Cronbach’S Alpha ◽

Patient Centred Care ◽

Cronbach's Alpha ◽

Confirmatory Factor

Patient-centredness in care is a core healthcare value and an effective healthcare delivery design requiring specific nurse competences. The aim of this study was to assess (1) the reliability, validity, and sensitivity of the Finnish version of the Patient-centred Care Competency (PCC) scale and (2) Finnish nurses’ self-assessed level of patient-centred care competency. The PCC was translated to Finnish (PCC-Fin) before data collection and analyses: descriptive statistics; Cronbach’s alpha coefficients; item analysis; exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses; inter-scale correlational analysis; and sensitivity. Cronbach’s alpha coefficients were acceptable, high for the total scale, and satisfactory for the four sub-scales. Item analysis supported the internal homogeneity of the items-to-total and inter-items within the sub-scales. Explorative factor analysis suggested a three-factor solution, but the confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the four-factor structure (Tucker–Lewis index (TLI) 0.92, goodness-of-fit index (GFI) 0.99, root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) 0.065, standardized root mean square residual (SRMR) 0.045) with 61.2% explained variance. Analysis of the secondary data detected no differences in nurses’ self-evaluations of contextual competence, so the inter-scale correlations were high. The PCC-Fin was found to be a reliable and valid instrument for the measurement of nurses’ patient-centred care competence. Rasch model analysis would provide some further information about the item level functioning within the instrument.

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The development of a contextually appropriate measure of psychological distress in Sierra Leone

BMC Psychology ◽

10.1186/s40359-021-00610-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Rebecca Horn ◽

Kanykey Jailobaeva ◽

Stella Arakelyan ◽

Alastair Ager

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Factor Analysis ◽

Psychological Distress ◽

Sierra Leone ◽

Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽

Internal Consistency ◽

Phase 1 ◽

Cronbach’S Alpha ◽

Cronbach's Alpha ◽

Distress Scale

Abstract Background Studies of psychological distress in Sierra Leone have typically used measures which were developed for use in other contexts, and which often have not been adapted or validated for use in Sierra Leone. This has resulted in a lack of reliable information about the patterns of psychological distress within the population, which is a barrier to the development of effective and appropriate mental health services. The aim of the study was to develop a locally-appropriate measure of psychological distress for Sierra Leone. Methods The new measure consists of two instruments: the Sierra Leone Psychological Distress Scale (SLPDS) and a gendered measure of ability to carry out daily tasks—a Function scale—as an indication of the severity of distress. A three-phase mixed methods exploratory sequential study was conducted. Phase 1 was item generation and testing, leading to the development of a set of potential items for both instruments. Phase 2 was a small pilot study (N = 202) leading to the selection of the final set of items for both measures. Phase 3 was a validation phase where the SLPDS and the Function scale were administered with a larger sample of 904 respondents. Item analysis was used to assess the internal consistency of the scales, and Exploratory Factor Analysis to explore the properties of the SLPDS. Results Exploratory factor analysis using the principal axis factoring with an oblique rotation identified a three-factor structure for the 18-item SLPDS. Internal consistency for the SLPDS (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.89) and three subscales was good (Cronbach’s alpha > 0.73). The internal reliability of the male and female versions of the Function scale was also found to be acceptable (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.90 for the female scale and 0.79 for the male scale). Conclusions Together the SLPD and Function scales provide a locally-validated tool which will enable government bodies and local and international non-governmental organisations in Sierra Leone to assess mental health and psychosocial needs. This will support both effective service provision and the evaluation of initiatives designed to improve mental health and psychosocial wellbeing.

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Validation of AQoL-8D: a health-related quality of life questionnaire for adult patients referred for otolaryngology

European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology ◽

10.1007/s00405-021-06689-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Anita Obrycka ◽

Jose-Luis Padilla ◽

Artur Lorens ◽

Piotr Henryk Skarzynski ◽

Henryk Skarzynski

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Adult Population ◽

Life Questionnaire ◽

Cronbach’S Alpha ◽

Cronbach's Alpha ◽

Content Relevance ◽

Confirmatory Factor ◽

Item Content

Abstract Purpose The purpose of the study was to validate the AQoL-8D questionnaire in the adult population of patients referred to an otolaryngology clinic. Methods AQoL-8D was translated into Polish. 463 patients (age18–80 years) with otolaryngological conditions were assessed with the AQoL-8D, SF-6D, and SWLS questionnaires. We investigated the item content-relevance, factor structure by means of Confirmatory Factor Analysis, corrected item-total correlations, Cronbach’s alpha, Pearson correlation of the AQoL-8D scores with results from SF-6D and from the SWLS questionnaires. Finally, ANOVA was used to test the AQoL-8D ability to group the HRQoL of patients in terms of their otolaryngological management type. Results The median score of item content-relevance was 5.0 for all AQoL-8D items. Confirmatory Factor Analysis revealed the following fit indices: Comparative Fit Index = 0.81; Tucker–Lewis Index = 0.80; and Root Mean Square Error of Approximation = 0.07. Cronbach's alpha for AQoL-8D dimensions ranged from 0.48 to 0.79. Mean item-total correlations over all dimensions, super dimensions, and the instrument overall were higher than 0.3. There was a significant Pearson correlation between the results obtained with AQoL-8D and SF-6D (r = 0.68), and with AQoL-8D and SWLS (r = 0.43). A one-way ANOVA showed a significant effect of management type on HRQoL as measured by AQoL-8D [F(4,458) = 6.12, p < 0.001] Conclusion AQoL-8D provides valid and reliable measures of HRQoL in patients undergoing otolaryngological treatment. Because it is a generic questionnaire, it is possible to make general comparisons of otolaryngology outcomes with those from other subspecialties.

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Assessment of Dementia Knowledge Scale for the Nursing Profession and the General Population: Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Psychometric Validation

Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders ◽

10.1159/000517537 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Merve Aliye Akyol ◽

Seher Gönen Şentürk ◽

Burcu Akpınar Söylemez ◽

Özlem Küçükgüçlü

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Content Validity ◽

Educational Interventions ◽

Psychometric Validation ◽

Cronbach’S Alpha ◽

Cronbach's Alpha ◽

Income Status ◽

Confirmatory Factor ◽

Fit Indexes ◽

Knowledge Scale

Background: The incidence of dementia is increasing dramatically worldwide. It is important to determine knowledge about the dementia for it’s prevention, early diagnosis, treatment, and care. The psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the Dementia Knowledge Assessment Scale (DKAS-T) were evaluated in this study. Methods: The psychometric study was conducted. A total of 1592 participants were recruited between November 2019 and March 2020. The data were collected using a sociodemographic form and DKAS-T. The language and content validity, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were used to assess the validity of the scale. The scale’s reliability was obtained using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, a paired sample t-test, item-total score correlation, and Hotelling’s T-squared test. Results: The mean age of the sample was 29.38 (±11.50) years; 66.8% (n = 1064) were female, and 54.1% (n = 861) reported their income status as income equal to expenditure. The DKAS-T demonstrated content validity and adequate sensitivity (Kendall W = 0.155, p = 0.093). The scale consisted of seventeen items and was unidimensional, which explained 28.705% of the variance. All the factor loadings were found to be >0.30 in factor analysis. In CFA, all of the fit indexes were >0.95 and root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) was 0.033. A Cronbach’s alpha value of 0.836 was obtained for the entire scale. It was determined that the scale has invariance according to time (t = −1.362, p = 0.181). Homogeneity of the scale was 3.26%, and there was no absence of reaction bias (Hotelling’s T-squared = 2573.681, p < 0.001). Conclusion: The results demonstrated that the instrument is reliable and generates valid data for the Turkish sample. This scale can be used to determine knowledge about dementia and planning educational interventions in the issue.

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Scale of Assessment of Self-Care Behaviors with Arteriovenous Fistula in Hemodialysis: A Psychometric Study in Brazil

Clinical Nursing Research ◽

10.1177/1054773821989800 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 105477382198980

Author(s):

Marta Nunes Lira ◽

Clemente Neves Sousa ◽

Maria Carolina Medeiros Wanderley ◽

Natália Ramos Costa Pessoa ◽

Kelly Cristiane Rocha Lemos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Psychometric Properties ◽

Arteriovenous Fistula ◽

Content Validity ◽

Self Care ◽

The Self ◽

Expert Committee ◽

Cronbach’S Alpha ◽

Cronbach's Alpha ◽

Confirmatory Factor

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Brazilian Scale for the Assessment of Self-Care Behaviors with Arteriovenous Fistula in Hemodialysis. Cross-sectional validation study, followed the recommendation provided by Sousa and Rojjanasrirat. Content validity, explanatory and confirmatory factor analyses used to check validity and Cronbach’s alpha was the reliability measure. Three hundred hemodialysis patients with arteriovenous fistula were included in the study. The expert committee assessed the content validity. Exploratory factor analysis confirmed the same two-factor structure found for the original scale, explaining 60.10% of the variance. Such solution was checked by confirmatory factor analysis with Cronbach’s alpha equal to 0.920, 0.810, and 0.884 for the overall scale, the self-care in management of signs and symptoms and the self-care in prevention of complications subscales respectively. The scale has good psychometric properties to assess self-care behaviors and can be used with Brazilian patients on hemodialysis with arteriovenous fistula.

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A questionnaire to measure the quality of midwifery care in the postpartum period from women’s point of view: development and psychometric testing of MMAYpostpartum

BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth ◽

10.1186/s12884-021-03857-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Mirjam Peters ◽

Petra Kolip ◽

Rainhild Schäfers

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Postpartum Period ◽

Psychometric Testing ◽

Personal Control ◽

Sample Survey ◽

Measuring Instruments ◽

Cronbach’S Alpha ◽

Midwifery Care ◽

Cronbach's Alpha

Abstract Background Home postpartum care is a major part of midwifery care in Germany. The user perspective plays an increasingly important role in the evaluation of health services, but there is a lack of valid and theoretically based measuring instruments, especially in midwifery care. The aim of this study was to develop and validate an instrument for measuring quality of midwifery care in the postpartum period from the perspective of women. Methods The following steps were taken to achieve this: (1) definition of the goals of midwifery work; (2) literature-based item development; (3) item selection based on a pre-test (n = 16); (4) item reduction and investigation of factor structure by means of explorative factor analysis (EFA; n = 133);(5) second EFA (n = 741) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA; n = 744) based on a split representative sample survey; (6) hypothesis-based testing of correlations to sociodemographic characteristics of women and to characteristics of care. Results Measurement of Midwifery quality postpartum (MMAYpostpartum) consists of three scales with a total of 17 items which were found to have acceptable internal consistency: Personal Control (Cronbach’s alpha = .80), Trusting Relationship (Cronbach’s alpha = .87) and Orientation and Security (Cronbach’s alpha = .78). CFA verified and confirmed three factors: CFI = .928, TLI = .914, RMSEA = 0.073. Conclusion MMAYpostpartum is a predominantly valid, reliable short tool for evaluating the quality of midwifery care postpartum. It can be used to evaluate midwifery care, to compare different care models and in intervention research. It thus supports the orientation of midwives’ work towards the needs of women and their families.

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