Explanations in knowledge systems: the role of explicit representation of design knowledge

IEEE Expert ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 47-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Chandrasekaran ◽  
W. Swartout
Keyword(s):  
Explicit Representation ◽  
Knowledge Systems ◽  
Design Knowledge

Track 2.a Introduction

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sucharita BENIWAL ◽  
Sahil MATHUR ◽  
Lesley-Ann NOEL ◽  
Cilla PEMBERTON ◽  
Suchitra BALASUBRAHMANYAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Local Knowledge ◽  
Ways Of Knowing ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Knowledge Systems ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Native Communities ◽  
Cultural Systems ◽  
Local Practices

The aim of this track was to question the divide between the nature of knowledge understood as experiential in indigenous contexts and science as an objective transferable knowledge. However, these can co-exist and inform design practices within transforming social contexts. The track aimed to challenge the hegemony of dominant knowledge systems, and demonstrate co-existence. The track also hoped to make a case for other systems of knowledges and ways of knowing through examples from native communities. The track was particularly interested in, first, how innovators use indigenous and cultural systems and frameworks to manage or promote innovation and second, the role of local knowledge and culture in transforming innovation as well as the form of local practices inspired innovation. The contributions also aspired to challenge through examples, case studies, theoretical frameworks and methodologies the hegemony of dominant knowledge systems, the divides of ‘academic’ vs ‘non-academic’ and ‘traditional’ vs ‘non-traditional’.

Te Waka Oranga: An Indigenous Intervention for Working with Māori Children and Adolescents with Traumatic Brain Injury

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 415-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hinemoa Elder
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Extended Family ◽  
Child And Adolescent ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Cultural Knowledge ◽  
Knowledge Systems ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Kaupapa Māori

Background: Application of salient cultural knowledge held by families following child and adolescent traumatic brain injury (TBI) has yet to be documented in the literature. While the importance of the family is a well-established determinant of enhanced outcomes in child and adolescent TBI, the emphasis to date has been on the leading role of professional knowledge. The role of whānau (extended family) is recognised as an essential aspect of hauora (wellbeing) for Māori, who are overrepresented in TBI populations. However, whānau knowledge systems as a potent resource for enhancing recovery outcomes have not previously been explored. This paper describes the development of an indigenous intervention, Te Waka Oranga.Method: Rangahau Kaupapa Māori (Māori determined research methods) theory building was used to develop a TBI intervention for working with Māori. The intervention emerged from the findings and analysis of data from 18 wānanga (culturally determined fora) held on rural, remote and urban marae (traditional meeting houses).Results: The intervention framework, called Te Waka Oranga, describes a process akin to teams of paddlers working together to move a waka (canoe, vessel) in a desired direction of recovery. This activity occurs within a Māori defined space, enabling both world views, that of the whānau and the clinical world, to work together. Whānau knowledge therefore has a vital role alongside clinical knowledge in maximising outcomes in mokopuna (infants, children, adolescents and young adults) with TBI.Conclusion: Te Waka Oranga provides for the equal participation of two knowledge systems, that of whānau and of clinical staff in their work in the context of mokopuna TBI. This framework challenges the existing paradigm of the role of families in child and adolescent TBI rehabilitation by highlighting the essential role of cultural knowledge and practices held within culturally determined groups. Further research is needed to test the intervention.

scholarly journals Dutcher's Impact: Wolastioqiyik Lintuwakonawa as a Case Study for the role of Music in Preserving Traditional Knowledge

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn E. Newhook
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Management ◽  
Traditional Knowledge ◽  
Technical Skill ◽  
Knowledge Systems ◽  
Dynamic Nature ◽  
Diverse Field ◽  
Information Professionals ◽  
Knowledge Preservation

Knowledge Management is a diverse field of study, dealing in the facilitation of knowledge sharing, the creation of knowledge systems, knowledge transfer, and knowledge preservation. Information professionals play an important role in helping these processes happen. Equally important is the preservation of Traditional Knowledge. Recognized as the knowledge Indigenous people have accrued over millennia, and formed through their interactions with their environment, Traditional Knowledge and its preservation also fall into the world of Knowledge Management. The performance of a piece of music is the manifestation of knowledge and, in the case of Jeremy Dutcher, is a form of knowledge preservation. Traditional Knowledge’s more fluid and dynamic nature is preserved in Dutcher’s 2018 album Wolastioqiyik Lintuwakonawa, where the artist creates a conversation between technical skill and the knowledge and language of the album. In the case of this paper, Dutcher’s album serves as an example of the way Traditional Knowledge can impact and provide new tools to the information profession and world of Knowledge Management.

scholarly journals Identification and management of the near-field knowledge of industrial design for innovative product shapes

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 168781401881657
Author(s):  
JinTao He ◽  
Qian Yang ◽  
MengYa Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Design ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Knowledge Systems ◽  
Design Knowledge ◽  
Product Knowledge ◽  
Innovative Product ◽  
Core Knowledge ◽  
Efficient Design ◽  
The Core ◽  
Complex Process

Industrial design is a complex process that contains multifarious product knowledge systems which play different roles at different stages of product development. Based on the research of different theories and methods of knowledge classification, the article proposes a new method which divides industrial design knowledge into knowledge in the field, near-field knowledge, and far-field knowledge, and established a corresponding frame of the design knowledge. In order to differentiate the near-field knowledge which is more innovative in design from considerable knowledge to facilitate an efficient design process, mechanisms of similarity searching are used. If 0.3 < [Formula: see text] (similarity) < 0.6, then define the case as the near-field product case and the relative knowledge as near-field knowledge. The core knowledge can be retrieved to drive innovative modeling. Furthermore, the process of a laptop design is taken as an example and validated using this method.

scholarly journals The role of Indigenous knowledges in psychedelic science

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-23
Author(s):  
Evgenia Fotiou
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Inquiry ◽  
Current Model ◽  
Knowledge Systems ◽  
Multiple Perspectives ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Indigenous Knowledges ◽  
Indigenous Worldviews ◽  
Indigenous Knowledge Systems ◽  
Ontological Turn

This paper reflects on potential contributions from anthropology to the field of “psychedelic science.” Although the discipline’s beginnings went hand in hand with colonialism, it has made significant contributions to the understanding of Indigenous knowledge systems. Furthermore, recent calls to decolonize our theoretical frameworks and methodology, notably the “ontological turn,” open up the space for engaging meaningfully with Indigenous worldviews. At this critical juncture of the “psychedelic renaissance,” it is important to reflect on whether the current model is satisfactory and on ways to decolonize psychedelic science. What we need is a shift in paradigm, one that will acknowledge the validity of Indigenous worldviews as equal partners to scientific inquiry. Acknowledging the contributions of Indigenous knowledges to psychedelic science is necessary and needs to go hand in hand with attempts to revise biomedical models to be more inclusive in substantial ways. The paper does not argue for the abandonment of the scientific paradigm, rather for the abandonment of its privileged position. Decolonizing psychedelic science will require allowing multiple perspectives to coexist and contribute equally to our efforts going forward.

African Shea Butter: A Feminized Subsidy from Nature

Africa ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlène Elias ◽  
Judith Carney
Keyword(s):  
West African ◽  
Knowledge Systems ◽  
African Women ◽  
Shea Butter ◽  
Vitellaria Paradoxa ◽  
Shea Tree ◽  
Traditional Agroforestry ◽  
International Sales ◽  
Agroforestry Practices

AbstractThe shea tree (Vitellaria paradoxa) is indigenous to Africa's Sudano-Sahelian region and crucial to savanna ecosystems and peoples. African women have long collected, marketed and transformed shea nuts into a multipurpose butter. The growing global trade in shea butter destined for the Western food and cosmetics industries thus represents an opportunity to bolster impoverished female incomes. However, such international sales are also prompting changes in the west African shea landscape. This article examines the role of shea as a female heritage in Burkina Faso, West Africa's largest shea exporter. It focuses on the knowledge systems informing the management, conservation and processing of shea. It also considers the effects of global shea commercialization on the maintenance of traditional agroforestry practices, tenure rights, and butter-making techniques. In so doing, the article illuminates the cultural and botanical heritage of shea as well as the significance of this species in biodiversity protection, African natural heritages and female knowledge systems.

scholarly journals DISAPPEARING PARTICIPANTS IN THE KHMER SENTENCE: SEMANTIC INCORPORATION, EXCORPORATION, ZERO ANAPHORA

2020 ◽  
pp. 281-293
Author(s):  
T. G. Pogibenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Syntactic Structure ◽  
Explicit Representation ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
Zero Anaphora ◽  
Language Data ◽  
Implicit And Explicit ◽  
Structure Language

The paper deals with representation of obligatory participants of a situation described by the verb which do not get a syntactic role in the syntactic structure of a Khmer sentence, i. e. incorporation in the verb semantic structure, excorporation into a lexical complex, deictic zero, zero anaphors. Special attention is paid to the role of lexical complex, which is a unique resource of the Khmer language, and its use for implicit and explicit representation of the participants of the situation described. An issue of a particular interest is participants’ representation as a component of a lexical complex, rather than a component of the sentence syntactic structure. Language data of Modern Khmer, Middle Khmer, and Old Khmer is used to show that this mode of representation has been used throughout the whole period of the evolution of Khmer beginning with the Old Khmer inscriptions. An attempt is made to reveal the functional character of the phenomenon discussed. It is maintained that this strategy is used for semantic derivation, for a more detailed conceptualization of the situation described, as well as for word polysemy elimination in the text. Examples are cited where lexical complexes with incorporated participants are used to make up for the inherent semantic emptiness of predicates of evaluation. In case of participants incorporated in deictic verbs, the deictic zero in Khmer may refer to participants other than “observer”. Specific features of zero anaphora in Khmer are also mentioned.

Indigenous knowledge systems

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine A. Odora-Hoppers
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Knowledge ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Knowledge Systems ◽  
Development Education ◽  
Interdisciplinary Field ◽  
The Social ◽  
Indigenous Knowledge Systems ◽  
Social And Economic Development

Chapter 15 describes the tensions that exist between Western scientific approaches and Indigenous Knowledge Systems. It illustrates the way in which traditional knowledge of, for example, herbal medicines, has a potentially very high economic value and describes how this can be developed in partnership between local and global interests. It also covers the author’s role as Professor of Development Education in creating a new interdisciplinary field of study, which strengthens the role of Indigenous Knowledge Systems in the social and economic development of Africa and opens out new ways of seeing the world and acting to improve it.

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