A method of increasing the stability of the zero level analog circuits based on the “Folded” cascode with the high-impedance point branch in the terms of temperature and radiation effects

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.N. Prokopenko ◽  
A.I. Serebryakov ◽  
N.V. Butyrlagin
Keyword(s):  
Analog Circuits ◽  
Radiation Effects ◽  
Zero Level ◽  
High Impedance ◽  
The Stability

Radiation Effects on Hollandite Ceramics developed for Radioactive Cesium Immobilization

2003 ◽  
Vol 792 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Aubin ◽  
D. Caurant ◽  
D. Gourier ◽  
N. Baffier ◽  
S. Esnouf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Effects ◽  
Liquid Waste ◽  
Fission Products ◽  
Radioactive Cesium ◽  
Radioactive Liquid Waste ◽  
Epr Spectrum ◽  
Paramagnetic Resonance ◽  
Γ Radiation ◽  
The Stability ◽  
High Level

ABSTRACTProgress on separating the long-lived fission products from the high level radioactive liquid waste (HLW) has led to the development of specific host matrices, notably for the immobilization of cesium. Hollandite (nominally BaAl2Ti6O16), one of the main phases constituting Synroc, receives renewed interest as specific Cs-host wasteform. The radioactive cesium isotopes consist of short-lived Cs and Cs of high activities and Cs with long lifetime, all decaying according to Cs+→Ba2++e- (β) + γ. Therefore, Cs-host forms must be both heat and (β,γ)-radiation resistant. The purpose of this study is to estimate the stability of single phase hollandite under external β and γ radiation, simulating the decay of Cs. A hollandite ceramic of simple composition (Ba1.16Al2.32Ti5.68O16) was essentially irradiated by 1 and 2.5 MeV electrons with different fluences to simulate the β particles emitted by cesium. The generation of point defects was then followed by Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR). All these electron irradiations generated defects of the same nature (oxygen centers and Ti3+ ions) but in different proportions varying with electron energy and fluence. The annealing of irradiated samples lead to the disappearance of the latter defects but gave rise to two other types of defects (aggregates of light elements and titanyl ions). It is necessary to heat at relatively high temperature (T=800°C) to recover an EPR spectrum similar to that of the pristine material. The stability of hollandite phase under radioactive cesium irradiation during the waste storage is discussed.

Upward continuation of scattered potential field data

Geophysics ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 443-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurizio Fedi ◽  
Antonio Rapolla ◽  
Guido Russo
Keyword(s):  
Linear Combination ◽  
Computation Time ◽  
Measured Data ◽  
Potential Field Data ◽  
Zero Level ◽  
Local Character ◽  
Upward Continuation ◽  
Data Points ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Variable Topography

Numerous methods have been used for upward continuation, but most of them require data on a regular grid. Gridding can introduce errors that affect the continued data in an unpredictable way. To avoid this problem, we design a continuation operator used for the direct continuation of scattered data on a 3-D basis. In this approach a harmonic function, satisfying the constraints imposed by the measured data, is developed. The continuation is written in the form of a linear combination of the measured data, but it depends on the arbitrary choice of the topographic zero level. However, the coefficients of the linear combination depend only on the position of the data points. This allows the zero level to be estimated on the basis of the continuation of synthetic anomalies calculated between the starting and ending surface. An important feature of the method is its local character, which allows the reduction of computation time. Also, the stability of the method for noisy data is reasonably good. The method is applied to both synthetic and real cases. Synthetic examples show how gridding‐related errors may affect the continuation when an irregular distribution of data points and a variable topography are considered.

RADIATION-TOLERANT DESIGN FOR HIGH PERFORMANCE MIXED-SIGNAL CIRCUITS

2004 ◽  
Vol 14 (02) ◽  
pp. 353-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. T. HOLMAN
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Analog Circuits ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Radiation Effects ◽  
Mixed Signal ◽  
Mixed Signal Circuits ◽  
Dose Rate Effects ◽  
Current Design ◽  
Radiation Hardened ◽  
Radiation Tolerant

Modern semiconductor processes can provide significant intrinsic hardness against radiation effects in digital and analog circuits. Current design techniques using commercial processes for radiation-tolerant integrated circuits are summarized, with an emphasis on their application in high performance mixed-signal circuits and systems. Examples of "radiation hardened by design" (RHBD) methodologies are illustrated for reducing the vulnerability of circuits and components to total dose, single-event, and dose-rate effects.

scholarly journals Ubiquitination of p53 and p21 is differentially affected by ionizing and UV radiation.

1997 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 355-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
C G Maki ◽  
P M Howley
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Uv Radiation ◽  
Radiation Effects ◽  
P53 Protein ◽  
Proteolytic Pathway ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Gamma Irradiated ◽  
In Cells

Levels of the tumor suppressor protein p53 are normally quite low due in part to its short half-life. p53 levels increase in cells exposed to DNA-damaging agents, such as radiation, and this increase is thought to be responsible for the radiation-induced G1 cell cycle arrest or delay. The mechanisms by which radiation causes an increase in p53 are currently unknown. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of gamma and UV radiation on the stability and ubiquitination of p53 in vivo. Ubiquitin-p53 conjugates could be detected in nonirradiated and gamma-irradiated cells but not in cells which were UV treated, despite the fact that both treatments resulted in the stabilization of the p53 protein. These results demonstrate that UV and gamma radiation have different effects on ubiquitinated p53 and suggest that the UV-induced stabilization of p53 results from a loss of p53 ubiquitination. Ubiquitinated forms of p21, an inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases, were detected in vivo, demonstrating that p21 is also a target for degradation by the ubiquitin-dependent proteolytic pathway. However, UV and gamma radiation had no effect on the stability or in vivo ubiquitination of p21, indicating that the radiation effects on p53 are specific.

scholarly journals Evolutionary Synthesis of Failure-Resilient Analog Circuits

Mathematics ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 156
Author(s):  
Žiga Rojec ◽  
Iztok Fajfar ◽  
Árpád Burmen
Keyword(s):  
Circuit Design ◽  
Analog Circuits ◽  
Analog Circuit ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Nsga Ii ◽  
Natural Logarithm ◽  
High Impedance ◽  
Computational Circuits ◽  
Hardware Circuit ◽  
Special Case

Analog circuit design requires large amounts of human knowledge. A special case of circuit design is the synthesis of robust and failure-resilient electronics. Evolutionary algorithms can aid designers in exploring topologies with new properties. Here, we show how to encode a circuit topology with an upper-triangular incident matrix and use the NSGA-II algorithm to find computational circuits that are robust to component failure. Techniques for robustness evaluation and evolutionary algorithm guidances are described. As a result, we evolve square root and natural logarithm computational circuits that are robust to high-impedance or short-circuit malfunction of an arbitrary rectifying diode. We confirm the simulation results by hardware circuit implementation and measurements. We think that our research will inspire further searches for failure-resilient topologies.

Quantification of the Radiation Effects on the Stability of the Irradiated Plants Development in Light Culture

2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-70
Author(s):  
Sergey A. Rakutko ◽  
Elena N. Rakutko
Keyword(s):  
Optical Density ◽  
Plant Development ◽  
Radiation Effects ◽  
Radiation Environment ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Cucumis Sativus L ◽  
Environmental Friendliness ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Blue Range ◽  
The Stability

The radiation environment parameters affect not only individual biochemical reactions and physiological processes occurring in the plant, but also make it possible to achieve stable plant development as a whole. (Research purpose) To develop a method, technical means and methodology for the quantitative assessment of the optical radiation effect on plants, the use of which ensures energy efficiency and environmental friendliness of the resulting product by choosing the most optimal light source. (Materials and methods) The authors demonstrated that the stability of plant development can be characterized by fluctuating asymmetry indices, the values of which form uneven optical density on both sides of the leaf. They developed and manufactured an experimental model of a device for measuring leaves' optical density. They studied the cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) of the Safa mix F1 mid-early hybrid. They used plants in a juvenile age state to reduce the duration of the experiment, that means from the appearance of the first to the appearance of the second leaf. (Results and discussion) The authors found that the differences between the parameters of plants grown under light sources № 1 and № 2 are not significant. They took the parameters of plants grown under light sources № 1 and № 3 for comparison. It was determined that these sources have approximately the same flow shares in the blue range (27.4 and 26.2 percent). They found out that the flow shares in the red range are different (34.4 and 49.5 percent), which determined different values of the ratio R:B (1.3 and 1.9). It was noted that the values of the ratio R: FR (4.1 and 16.3) are also different. (Conclusions) The authors proposed a method for assessing the effect of radiation on plants by the stability of their development. It was established that the application of this method to plants grown under conditions of light culture is promising for a comprehensive assessment of the quality of the light medium created by radiation sources; allows to choose the most optimal light sources.

Investigation of Titanium in Metamict Nb-Ta-Ti Oxides Using the Extended X-Ray Absorption Fine Structure Technique

1981 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. B. Greegor ◽  
F. W. Lytle ◽  
R. C. Ewing ◽  
R. F. Haaker
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Stability ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Ti Oxides ◽  
Considerable Controversy ◽  
Simple Phase ◽  
The Stability ◽  
X Ray Absorption

Recent proposals have suggested that radioactive wastes can be isolated 1 as dilute solid solutions in a crystalline, titanate assemblage. One titanate assemblage, SYNROC, consists of zirconolite (CaZrTi207), perovskite (CaTiO3) and "hollandite" (BaAl2Ti6016) with additional accessory phases. There are two major problems in the evaluation of the long term stability of any crystalline wasteform such as SYNROC: 1) it is difficult to assess the long term stability of materials from short term laboratory experiments that are not necessarily valid simulations of complex geochemical processes, and 2)the corresponding titanate minerals are uncommon, making it difficult to study long term alteration and radiation effects on a significant number of specimens from different localities and geologic environments. There has even been considerable controversy concerning the stability of the reasonably common and simple phase, perovskite (CaTiO3)

AN EFFICIENT AND NUMERICALLY STABLE COUPLED-MODE SOLUTION FOR RANGE-DEPENDENT PROPAGATION

2012 ◽  
Vol 20 (03) ◽  
pp. 1250008 ◽  
Author(s):  
WENYU LUO ◽  
RENHE ZHANG ◽  
HENRIK SCHMIDT
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Bottom Slope ◽  
Numerical Examples ◽  
Coupled Mode ◽  
High Impedance ◽  
Impedance Contrast ◽  
Mode Solution ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Single Scatter

An efficient and numerically stable coupled-mode solution is presented for acoustic propagation in a range-dependent waveguide. This model is numerically stable due to the appropriately normalized range solutions introduced in the formulation. In addition, by combining a forward marching and a backward marching, this model provides accurate solutions for range-dependent waveguides characterized by large bottom slope angles and/or high impedance contrast. Besides high accuracy, this two-way solution also provides high efficiency, which is achieved by applying the single-scatter approximation. Numerical examples are also provided to demonstrate the stability, accuracy, and efficiency of this model.

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