Characteristic of Actual Output based Generator Modeling

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
GuoFang Cao ◽  
Min Li ◽  
Xin Shan ◽  
Ping Ju ◽  
Yi Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Actual Output

DAMPAK VOLATILITAS HARGA MINYAK DI INDONESIA TERHADAP PENYESUAIAN KESEIMBANGAN FISKAL

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-52
Author(s):  
Mahpud Sujai
Keyword(s):  
Linear Trend ◽  
The State ◽  
Oil Price ◽  
Output Gap ◽  
State Budget ◽  
Price Changes ◽  
Potential Output ◽  
Budget Cycle ◽  
Actual Output ◽  
The Impact

This paper is intended to analyze the effect of oil price changes on potential output and actual output in the state budget cycle and identifies the output gap which is the difference between potential output and actual output. The research methodology uses a quantitative approach to analyze problems that occur related to the impact of oil price changes to the state budget cycle. Data analysis was carried out through the approach cyclically adjusted fiscal balance with a simplified approach. This research identified that the potential output is likely to continue increasing in line with Indonesia's oil price trends which is continue to rise following the world oil price movements. In calculating the output gap using a linear trend and HP filter, the result is fuctuating depend on the percentage changes in both potential output and actual output. This paper concludes that Indonesian oil price (ICP) has a significant impact on changes in the state budget cycle. If oil prices rise, the output gap between potential output and actual output is greater, and vice versa. This will make the budget vulnerable to shock that occurs as an external infuence.

The management of structural adjustment and macroeconomic reform in Vietnam

1998 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-37
Author(s):  
Keith Griffin
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Structural Change ◽  
Structural Adjustment ◽  
National Accounts ◽  
Policy Reforms ◽  
Rapid Economic Growth ◽  
Actual Output ◽  
Present Decade ◽  
Official Data ◽  
Low Rate

Vietnam has been remarkably successful in managing structural adjustment and macroeconomic reform. As a result, it has achieved very rapid economic growth during the present decade without, apparently, a substantial increase in inequality. All sectors of the economy have grown rapidly and yet there has been dramatic structural change. This growth and structural change, according to official data, have occurred despite a relatively low rate of investment. Our analysis suggests, however, that savings and investment have been understated, that actual output is higher than the national accounts data indicate and that growth is even faster than the official figures suggest. These results are a consequence of the nature and sequencing of the policy reforms that were introduced from the 1980s onwards.

scholarly journals ESTIMATING PROFIT , COST FUNCTION AND TECHNICAL EFFICIENCIES OF RICE PRODUCTION IN NEJAF FOR SEASON 2016*

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Al-Mashhdani & Mahmood
Keyword(s):  
Cost Function ◽  
Output Level ◽  
Average Output ◽  
Optimal Output ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Actual Output ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Profit Maximizing ◽  
Economic Price ◽  
The Cost

The aim of this study was to estimate the profit and cost functions as well as economic, price, cost, and technical efficiencies beside the other economic indices at actual, optimal and profit-maximizing output of rice. A random sample of 240 rice  farms in Nejaf province was used during the agricultural season 2016. From efficiency scales of profit function, it was shown that the output quantity had the greatest impact on the profit compared to other variables (average output costs and price). According to the cost function, the optimum output level and the profit- maximizing output  level for the short run were 64.84 tons and 117.4 tons respectively. The lowest price that the farmer can accept was 194.83 thousand dinars / ton. At this price, the producer loss all fixed costs in the short run, hoping that the price of rice will improve in the long run. Net profit was estimated on the basis of actual output, cost minimizing output (optimal) and profit-maximizing output, which amounted to 8084.32, 30852.65 and 45547.5 thousand dinars, respectively. The of technical efficiency were 34%. and the cost efficiency was 0.52. We conclude from the study that economic resources have not been exploited optimally, indicating that actual output is far from optimal output. The study recommends a output policy aimed at increasing economic efficiency and optimizing the use of available resources.

Error Analysis of Cam-Follower Systems: A Probabilistic Approach

1984 ◽  
Vol 198 (3) ◽  
pp. 155-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
S S Rao
Keyword(s):  
Error Analysis ◽  
Probabilistic Approach ◽  
Random Variables ◽  
Stochastic Approach ◽  
Geometrical Parameters ◽  
Manufacturing Costs ◽  
Actual Output ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Cam Follower ◽  
Synthesis Procedure

The actual output kinematic characteristics of a cam-follower system will be different from the theoretical (desired) ones due to errors in manufacture and assembly. A method of evaluating the mechanical error in the kinematic response of cam-follower systems is presented using a stochastic approach. The tolerances on cam profiles and other geometrical parameters are treated as random variables that influence the mechanical error. The equations necessary for the mechanical error analysis of a planar cam-follower system (disc cam with translating roller follower) are derived. The equations for a spatial cam-follower system (globoidal cam with oscillating cylindrical follower) are also given at the end. An optimal synthesis procedure is outlined for the allocation of tolerances so as to minimize the manufacturing costs while satisfying a constraint on the maximum mechanical error in the kinematic response of cam-follower systems. The application of analysis and synthesis procedure is demonstrated with reference to a disc cam with translating roller follower.

Identification of Complex System Based on Neural Network

2012 ◽  
Vol 433-440 ◽  
pp. 4342-4347
Author(s):  
Zhen Hai Dou ◽  
Ya Jing Wang
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Complex System ◽  
Mean Squared Error ◽  
Model Identification ◽  
Complex Model ◽  
System Model ◽  
Mathematics Model ◽  
Identification Method ◽  
Squared Error ◽  
Actual Output

In order to conquer the difficulty of building up the mathematics model of some complex system, model identification method based on neural network is put forward. By this method, according to actual sample datum, the complex model of crude oil heating furnace is identified at appropriate quantity of net layers and notes. The identification results show that output of model can basically consistent with the actual output and their mean squared error (MSE) almost is 0. Therefore, model identification method based on neural network is an effective method in complex system identification.

Can Stimulus without Debt Combat Secular Stagnation?

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurence Seidman
Keyword(s):  
Slow Growth ◽  
Full Employment ◽  
Aggregate Demand ◽  
Secular Stagnation ◽  
Potential Output ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Actual Output ◽  
Debt Policy

Two possible sources of “secular stagnation” must be distinguished. The first source is chronically insufficient aggregate demand for goods and services; insufficient demand is demand that is less than the potential output of the economy. The second source is slow growth in the potential output of the economy. If secular stagnation occurs due to chronically insufficient demand, a stimulus-without-debt policy that is applied as long as demand would otherwise be insufficient can keep actual output equal to potential output and therefore can achieve and maintain full employment (because potential output is defined as the output that would be produced in a given year if labor is fully employed in that year); every year, the level of output and employment would be equal to potential output instead of being below potential output.

scholarly journals Quality Assurance with Dosimetric Consistency of a Co-60 Teletherapy Unit

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 88
Author(s):  
Num Prasad Acharya ◽  
Tika Ram Lamichhane ◽  
Bidyapati Jha
Keyword(s):  
Quality Assurance ◽  
Dose Rate ◽  
Radiation Treatment ◽  
Standard Dose ◽  
Dose Delivery ◽  
Radiation Hazards ◽  
Average Output ◽  
Energy Agency ◽  
Actual Output ◽  
Radionuclide Source

<p class="Default">It is essential to know the standard dose rate, output of Co-60 source in the radiation treatment periodically. It is because the over dosage may cause radiation hazards where as under dosage may lead to unsatisfactory treatment of cancer. Present study focused on the radiation standards and dosimetry for the assurance of the quality and verify that the output of the ionizing radiation emitting medical instruments such as Teletherapy Unit (TTU) which should be within ±2% of the stated one. Present study was done as a part of the regularity of quality assurance (QA) of telecobalt radiotherapy unit that includes the dosimetric measurements of Co-60 TTU at Bhaktapur Cancer Hospital (BCH), Bhaktapur per each month from 29 March 2012 to 29 December 2014. The radionuclide source is Co-60 which has been incorporated in TTU, BCH for the purpose of therapeutic treatment of cancer. The Co-60 source decays continuously to Ni-60 (half-life of 5.27 years) with the decrease in its activity and hence the output dose rate. The calculations of actual dose rate of Co-60 TTU were done by the source to surface distance (SSD) technique. It has been concluded that there is a quality assurance management in Co-60 TTU, BCH with the consistency in the average output dose rate obtained by the actual dosimetry values and the expected output values obtained by decay method. The values obtained by actual dosimetry are within ±2% of the expected values so that the deviation of the actual output dose rate from the expected output data lies within the permissible limit as prescribed by International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurement (ICRUM). In conclusion, our study shows a trend towards uniform and better dose delivery from Co-60 TTU, BCH, Nepal</p><p><strong>Journal of Nepal Physical Society</strong><em><br /></em>Volume 4, Issue 1, February 2017, Page: 88-92</p>

scholarly journals Appropriate reduction of the fragmentation level of subfield sequences to improve the accuracy of field delivery in IMRT for nasopharyngeal carcinoma

2020 ◽  
Vol 93 (1109) ◽  
pp. 20190767
Author(s):  
Yanze Sun ◽  
Gang Zhou ◽  
Yaqun Zhu ◽  
Li Zou ◽  
Ye Tian
Keyword(s):  
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma ◽  
Planning System ◽  
Imrt Plan ◽  
Actual Treatment ◽  
Original Plan ◽  
Actual Output ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Group B ◽  
Gantry Angle

Objective: Due to the influence of gravity, inertia and friction, there will be deviation between the position of multileaf collimator (MLC) in the delivered field and the initial intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) plan. This study explores the effects of the fragmentation level of subfield sequences on this deviation and seeks ways to improve the accuracy of field delivery in IMRT for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Methods: 30 patients with NPC were selected, and two groups (groups A and B) of IMRT plans were made in Pinnacle planning system. Different planning parameters were used for optimization so that the subfield sequence fragmentation level of Group B was significantly lower than that of Group A. With the MapCheck2, verification plan was implemented in two ways: 0o gantry angle and the actual treatment angle, then the differences between the two verification results of each group plan were analyzed. Results: The γ-passing rate verified at the actual treatment angle was lower than that of 0o gantry angle for each group plan, whereas the Group B plan shows small reduction. Mean change value (Δ) was decreased from 1.01% (Group A) to 0.40% (Group B) with 3%/3 mm criteria and 2.88% (Group A) to 1.52% (Group B) with 2%/2 mm criteria, respectively. The smaller the difference (Δ), the actual output dose of the field is more consistent with the original plan. There was no significant correlation between this change and the angle of the field. Conclusion: Appropriately reducing the fragmentation level of subfield sequence can reduce the effect of field angle on MLC position and improve the delivery accuracy of IMRT plan. Advances in knowledge: The fragmentation level of the subfield sequence may have an impact on the accuracy of the delivery of the plan. This study demonstrates this assumption by comparing the differences between 0° and actual angle verification. Mean change value (Δ) was decreased from Group A to Group B. The smaller the difference (Δ), the actual output dose of the field is more consistent with the original plan. The result of this study may help us to understand that appropriately increasing the subfield area and reducing the fragmentation level of the subfield sequence can reduce the difference between the two verification results, which can further improve the accuracy of the plan delivery in IMRT and tumor treatment.

Experimental Study on Cutting Force and Cutting Power in High Feed Milling of Ti5Al5Mo5VCrFe

2016 ◽  
Vol 836-837 ◽  
pp. 88-93
Author(s):  
Hui Sun ◽  
Hu Xiao ◽  
Liang Li
Keyword(s):  
Cutting Force ◽  
Chip Thickness ◽  
Cutting Parameters ◽  
Rough Machining ◽  
Cutting Power ◽  
Actual Output ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
High Feed ◽  
Coated Carbide ◽  
Carbide Inserts

In order to improve the rough machining efficiency of titanium alloy, experiments were carried out to investigate the influence of feed per tooth on cutting force and cutting power with index-able coated carbide inserts. The curves of cutting parameters, including cutting force and cutting power, were obtained by single factor test. The results showed that, as the feed per tooth increases, the cutting force increases, especially in the direction of cutting width. All forces almost changed linearly with the changing of feed, and the cutting force of feed direction was the smallest force among the three directions of cutting force. The analytical model of tangential cutting force in the x-y plane was established. By calculating average chip thickness and relationships between tangential cutting force and measurements of cutting force to predict the cutting power, the calculation results were accurate which compared with the actual output power of the machine tool.

A Unified Approach to the Bandwidth of Amplifying Stages

2005 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 314-324
Author(s):  
Hugo Calleja
Keyword(s):  
Transfer Function ◽  
Operational Amplifier ◽  
Current Gain ◽  
Voltage Gain ◽  
Unified Approach ◽  
Actual Output ◽  
Feedback Networks ◽  
Bandwidth Analysis

This paper presents a unified approach to the bandwidth analysis of amplifying stages, whose transfer function can be a voltage gain, current gain, transconductance or transimpedance. It uses the technique that involves modelling the feedback networks as voltage dividers. It takes advantage of the fact that, if the network between the opamp's output, and the node where the actual output is taken is linear, then the bandwidths at both points are equal. Therefore, calculating the bandwidth at the output of the operational amplifier will yield the desired result.

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