Basics Investigation of Electromagnetic Sensing for Wood Moisture contents

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masahiro Horibe ◽  
Yuka Miyoshi
Keyword(s):  
Wood Moisture ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Electromagnetic Sensing

INTERNAL WATER RELATIONS OF YELLOW BIRCH AT CHALK RIVER

1959 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 789-799 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Fraser ◽  
H. T. Dirks
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Relations ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Yellow Birch ◽  
Mature Trees ◽  
Wood Moisture ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Internal Water ◽  
Birch Trees ◽  
Wilting Point

Wood moisture was measured in the butt of healthy and decadent yellow birch trees growing on various sites in the summers of 1950 and 1952. The moisture content decreased from almost 100% in May to about 60% in late June when the leaves were fully unfolded. Wood moisture was usually 5 to 15% higher in the butt of decadent trees than in healthy trees during the 2 years of investigations. It was higher in the trunk of trees on a dry site during a wet summer and on a wet site during a somewhat dry summer.Relative turgidity in leaves was measured in mature trees as well as in leaves of seedlings growing on soils with varied moisture contents. Relative turgidity was usually less during the day. During periods of drought it decreased even during the night. Exceptions observed may have been caused by leaf absorption of dew. In young birch seedlings relative turgidity values varied between 65 and 50% in soils ranging from 100 to 70% of field capacity. As the soil wilting point was approached, relative turgidity of leaves decreased to about 35%.

CYTOSPORA CANKER OF POPLARS: THE MOISTURE RELATIONS AND ANATOMY OF THE HOST

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (10) ◽  
pp. 1281-1292 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Bloomberg
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Populus Trichocarpa ◽  
Sieve Tube ◽  
Moisture Loss ◽  
Basal Region ◽  
Wood Moisture ◽  
Canker Disease ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Cytospora Chrysosperma ◽  
Two Hybrid

A comparison was made between Populus trichocarpa Torr. and Gray, P. × canadensis Moench 'Regenerata', and P. × canadensis 'Robusta Bachelieri' with respect to shoot moisture relations and anatomy. The two hybrid varieties had slower rates of moisture loss and had higher wood moisture contents throughout most of the year than P. trichocarpa. The bark and wood moisture content of the three varieties was lower during dormancy than in the growing season. The upper region of the shoots had lower bark and wood moisture contents than the basal region during dormancy, but the reverse was true in summer. In all varieties, there was a significant positive correlation between wood and bark moisture content. Compared with P. trichocarpa, the two hybrids had larger piths, wider vessels, longer phloem rays, wider sieve tube zones, and thicker periderms; P. 'Robusta' had fewer lenticels. The upper region of the shoots had a wider pith, thicker bark, thinner periderm, and more lenticels than the basal region. The differences in moisture relations and anatomy of the three varieties suggest an explanation for the observed greater resistance to canker disease caused by Cytospora chrysosperma (Pers.) Fr. in the hybrids than in P. trichocarpa.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT OF WOOD GRINDING 2. EFFECTS OF WOOD MOISTURE ON FIBRE PROPERTIES

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 113-116
Author(s):  
BRUNO LÖNNBERG
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Paper Sheet ◽  
Wood Moisture ◽  
Fibre Properties ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Wood Fibres ◽  
Water Saturated ◽  
Water Contents ◽  
Pulp Production

"The wood grinding model recently published was based on an energy balance of the active grinding zone, i.e. the limited volumes of wood and grindstone that were heated by the grindstone generated compression and tension strains in the wood surface. Generally speaking, the data obtained in well controlled laboratory grindings complied with the derived model meaning that compression–tension power ratios presented as a function of the specific pulp production resulted in linears. However, the wood moisture contents varying from water-saturated to air-dried wood needed further elaboration for better understanding. Accordingly, the aim of this presentation was to find reasonable explanations for the grinding effects on the wood fibres by considering groundwood pulp and paper sheet properties, for example shives and fines contents, as well as tensile strength and light scattering of the paper sheet. The compression–tension power ratios provided by the model reflect simultaneously both compression and tension strain in wood, and accordingly, the resulting fibre properties would be dependent on both brittle and tough fractures. Evidently, the water contents played a role in this context, both as a stiffener of the water-saturated wood, and as a wood and fibre coolant. "

scholarly journals MEASUREMENT OF WOOD MOISTURE CONTENT USING THE COLMAN ELECTRODE

1965 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 352-363
Author(s):  
W. J. Bloomberg ◽  
D. Farrell
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Black Cottonwood ◽  
Wood Moisture ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Red Cedar ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Cottonwood Trees ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Maximum Moisture Content

Colman electrodes were inserted into stem sections of Douglas-fir, western hemlock, western red cedar and black cottonwood and resistance readings were taken at wood moisture contents of 10% to 100% of maximum moisture content. In almost all the conifer sections tested, 85% or more of the readings lay within limits of ±10% moisture content about the mean curve, and over 50% were within ±5%. The variation was greater for black cottonwood. Variation was also greater in the larger than in the smaller sections. The curves for individual sections within each species had certain characteristics in common, but no two curves were identical.Resistance readings given by Colman electrodes inserted into living black cottonwood trees showed a fairly good correlation with soil moisture content when the trees were subjected to cycles of drought and watering.

scholarly journals A Nondestructive Indirect Approach to Long-Term Wood Moisture Monitoring Based on Electrical Methods

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (15) ◽  
pp. 2373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Slávik ◽  
Čekon ◽  
Štefaňák
Keyword(s):  
Building Structures ◽  
Electric Resistance ◽  
Digital Signals ◽  
Wood Moisture ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Spruce Wood ◽  
Moisture Protection ◽  
Electrical Methods ◽  
Rc Circuit

Wood has a long tradition of use as a building material due its properties and availability. However, it is very sensitive to moisture. Wood components of building structures basically require a certain level of moisture protection, and thus moisture monitoring to ensure the serviceability of such components during their whole lifespan while integrated within buildings is relevant to this area. The aim of this study is to investigate two moisture monitoring techniques promoting moisture safety in wood-based buildings (i.e., new structures, as well as renovated and protected buildings). The study is focused on the comparison of two electrical methods that can be employed for the nondestructive moisture monitoring of wood components integrated in the structures of buildings. The main principle of the two presented methods of the moisture measurement by electric resistance is based on a simple resistor–capacitor (RC) circuit system improved with ICM7555 chip and integrator circuit using TLC71 amplifier. The RC-circuit is easier to implement thanks to the digital signals of the used chip, whilst the newly presented integration method allows faster measurement at lower moisture contents. A comparative experimental campaign utilizing spruce wood samples is conducted in this relation. Based on the results obtained, both methods can be successfully applied to wood components in buildings for moisture contents above 8%.

Influence of moisture on rate of decay of loblolly pine root wood by Heterobasidion annosum

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. G. Kuhlman
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Heterobasidion Annosum ◽  
Wood Moisture ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Root Segments ◽  
Soil Block ◽  
Rate Of Decay ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
Modified Soil

Root segments of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) were decayed by Heterobasidion annosum (Fr.) Bref. (=Fomes annosus (Fr.) Karst.) over a broad range of wood (33–317%) and soil (36–259%) moisture contents in modified soil-block tests. Maximum weight loss occurred at 50–286% wood moisture content. Decay was inhibited at wood moisture contents over 290%. Water moved rapidly into the root segments by capillarity, and some decay occurred within 2 weeks. Water uptake was faster in inoculated segments than in noninoculated segments at a soil moisture content of 172% of the 0.2 bar (1 bar = 100 kPa) moisture content.

Examination of moisture content variation within an operational wet deck

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
LAURENCE SCHIMLECK ◽  
KIM LOVE-MYERS ◽  
JOE SANDERS ◽  
HEATH RAYBON ◽  
RICHARD DANIELS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Time Domain Reflectometry ◽  
Water Application ◽  
Wood Moisture ◽  
International Paper ◽  
Content Variation ◽  
Moisture Variation

Many forest products companies in the southeastern United States store large volumes of roundwood under wet storage. Log quality depends on maintaining a high and constant wood moisture content; however, limited knowledge exists regarding moisture variation within individual logs, and within wet decks as a whole, making it impossible to recommend appropriate water application strategies. To better understand moisture variation within a wet deck, time domain reflectometry (TDR) was used to monitor the moisture variation of 30 southern pine logs over an 11-week period for a wet deck at the International Paper McBean woodyard. Three 125 mm long TDR probes were inserted into each log (before the deck was built) at 3, 4.5, and 7.5 m from the butt. The position of each log within the stack was also recorded. Mixed-effects analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to examine moisture variation over the study period. Moisture content varied within the log, while position within the stack was generally not significant. The performance of the TDR probes was consistent throughout the study, indicating that they would be suitable for long term (e.g., 12 months) monitoring.

The Smoulder Stream of Cigarettes / Zur Kenntnis des Glimmstromes von Cigaretten

1965 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Seehofer ◽  
W. Schulz
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Spatial Position ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Physical Conditions ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Cigarette Paper ◽  
First Time

AbstractThe phenomenon of the smoulder stream flowing through the cigarette during smouldering and during the puff intervals is demonstrated for the first time and its dependence upon physical conditions is examined. The volume of the smoulder stream can amount up to 180 ml per cigarette. Increasing draw resistance of the cigarette and augmenting moisture content of the tobacco as well as perforation of the cigarette paper have a decreasing effect on volume and velocity of the smoulder stream. The porosity of the cigarette paper has no perceptible influence. The spatial position of the cigarette affects volume and velocity of the smoulder stream. The influence exercised by the smoulder stream on the yields of total condensate, nicotine, phenols, aldehydes, and acroleine when the cigarette tip is open during the puff intervals is determined. When the moisture contents of the tobacco were extremely high, yield decreases reaching 50 % could be observed.

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