Study on the impact of water deficit on agronomic characters of sunflower based on gray relational projection model

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wang Likun ◽  
Shan Yufen ◽  
Ma Yongsheng
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
Agronomic Characters ◽  
Projection Model ◽  
The Impact

An increase in water deficit has no impact on the photosynthetic capacity of field-grown Mediterranean plants

2002 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salvador Nogués ◽  
Leonor Alegre
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
Quantum Efficiency ◽  
Photosynthetic Capacity ◽  
Photosynthetic Parameters ◽  
Water Regimes ◽  
Relative Quantum ◽  
Mediterranean Plants ◽  
Psii Photochemistry ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Quantum Efficiency Of Psii

In the Mediterranean, annual mean precipitation has continuously decreased over the last three years (by ca 36% in Barcelona), and the decrease has been dramatic during the summer (by ca 78 and 64% during July and August, respectively). The impact of increased drought on the photosynthetic capacity of Mediterranean vegetation is currently unknown. In this study, two native Mediterranean plants [rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) and lavender (Lavandula stoechas L.)] were grown outdoors and subjected to two water regimes (50 mm month–1 during the summer, or no supplementary water at all). Rosemary and lavender plants watered with 50 mm month–1 during the summer had higher relative leaf water content and water potential than non-watered plants. Changes in water status were accompanied by large decreases in parameters of gas exchange [i.e. the light-saturated rate of CO2 assimilation, the maximum velocity of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) carboxylation by Rubisco and the capacity for RuBP] and of modulated chlorophyll fluorescence (i.e. the relative quantum efficiency of PSII photochemistry and the efficiency of energy capture by open PSII reaction centres) during the summer, but no differences were found in any photosynthetic parameters for leaves subjected to the two water regimes. The drought-induced decreases in the relative quantum efficiency of PSII photochemistry in rosemary and lavender plants were attributable to ‘downregulation’ of electron transport. Photodamage to PSII in the field appeared to be a later effect of drought in these plants. Photorespiration was not a major mechanism protecting the photosynthetic apparatus of these plants from photodamage in the field. After the autumn rainfall, photosynthetic capacity fully recovered. We conclude that rosemary and lavender are well adapted to drought, and that an increase in water deficit is unlikely to have a significant impact on the photosynthetic capacity of leaves.

scholarly journals Women’s Education, Family Planning, or Both? Application of Multistate Demographic Projections in India

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leiwen Jiang ◽  
Karen Hardee
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Population Projections ◽  
Projection Model ◽  
Effective Measure ◽  
Demographic Projections ◽  
Projected Changes ◽  
Equality In Education ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Investments In Education

Is education the best contraceptive? Using the multistate human capital projection model, our analysis shows that the projected changes in India population vary depending on investments in education and helping women reduce unwanted fertility rates, that investments in both education and helping women in each education category—but particularly less educated women—meet their wanted fertility will have the largest impacts on India’s population projections, and that the impact from investment in reducing unwanted fertility will be much more immediate and significant than only investments in education. Our analysis also reveals that an increasing education transition rate in India will not only help to achieve a population age structure that is favorable for economic growth, but also result in a larger share of skilled labor force that help to achieve higher economic growth rate. More importantly, investment in girls’ education and achieving gender equality in education will be the most effective measure to increase India’s population education level and improve its overall values of human capital.

WATER REQUIREMENTS, AVAILABILITY AND DEVELOPMENT RESTRAINTS FOR INCREASED CROP PRODUCTIVITY IN CANADA

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-44
Author(s):  
MARTIN OOSTERVELD ◽  
WALTER NICHOLAICHUK
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Specialty Crops ◽  
Irrigation Development ◽  
Small Areas ◽  
Water Diversions ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

When crop productivity is restricted because of the availability of water, the amount of water required to remove the limitation is known as the soil water deficit. Most regions of Canada have a water deficit even though annual precipitation may appear more than sufficient for maximum needs. Soils have insufficient storage capacity to take crops through extended periods without rain. All crops will suffer from a water deficit, but the impact on yield varies among species and the timing of the stress. Similarly, supplemental irrigation to eliminate the deficit results in varying yield response, depending on the severity and timing of stress. The greatest potential response from irrigation occurs in the southern Prairies and the interior valley in British Columbia. Productivity per unit area can be increased at least 400%. The long-term limitation to development on the prairies is a regional water shortage, which can only be overcome by huge investments in water diversions from north-flowing rivers. Irrigation development in Ontario is presently economically attractive and water sources can be developed locally. It is expected that geometric growth in irrigation development will take place, particularly if several dry years occur in succession. In the most humid portions of Canada, encompassing the five eastern provinces, irrigation development is likely to be limited to small areas of fruit and specialty crops where a small increase in yield justifies the cost of irrigation equipment.Key words: Irrigation, crop productivity, water deficit, water resources, development limitations

scholarly journals The effect of climate change on rainfall pattern and deficit of water in tea plantation

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Salwa Lubnan Dalimoenthe ◽  
Y Apriana ◽  
T June
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
El Niño ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Rainfall Data ◽  
Rainfall Pattern ◽  
Tea Plantation ◽  
Water Index ◽  
The Impact

<p><em>Climate change has been influencing rainfall pattern so that it would be necessary to see the impact of that changed on tea plantation. The experimental area coverage lowland (600 m asl), midland (800-1000m asl) and highland (&gt;1.000 m asl) tea plantation and each altituted represented by three tea estate in West Java. The rainfall data collected since 2005 up to 2014 from each estate and water deficit has been count through the method develop by Wijaya (1996). The results showed that the rainfall pattern has been changed by La-Nina and El-Nino during 2005-2014 in tea estate either in lowland, midland or highland in the last decade. The climate change caused  rainfall decreasing and increasing on dry month (the rainfall &lt; 100 mm). Eventhough on 2009 there is an significantly increasing of the rainfall but after 2009 until 2014, the rainfall tend to decrease. After El-Nino on late 2009 and early 2010, lowland tea estate on Subang Regency facing water deficit until 5 months with R (defisit water index) far below 1 even there is no El Nino. The tea plantation at midland area (Cianjur Regency) facing 5 months water deficit per year, but the R index close to 1. While in highland tea plantation (Bandung Regency), the water deficit only happend on certain month on certain year although there is a month with zero rainfall. Water deficit could be happend because of runoff on soil surface stimulate by low ability of soil to keep the water.</em></p>

scholarly journals Impact of Drought on Yields of Field Crops Grown under Different Agroecological Conditions in Croatia

1970 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan ŠIMUNIĆ ◽  
Stjepan HUSNJAK ◽  
Gabrijel ONDRAŠEK ◽  
Ivan MUSTAĆ ◽  
Vilim FILIPOVIĆ
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Soil Water Deficit ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Development Stages ◽  
Field Crops ◽  
Crop Development ◽  
Research Goal ◽  
The Impact

The research goal was to investigate the impact of drought on the yields of some field crops on three different locations in two different hydrological years (2003 and 2005). Research results show that yield quantity depends on the amount and distribution of precipitation. Yield decreases are higher in case of more severe droughts, and vice versa. With sufficient water in the soil in the dry 2003, it possible to increase crop yields from 98.1 % to 129.5 % in the Gospić region, from 44.9 % to 72.8 % in the Našice region and from to in the Virovitica region. In the hydrologically more favourable 2005, yields were increased from 18.6% to 42.2% in the Gospić region, from 16.1 % to 21.9 % in the Našice region and from to in the Virovitica region. Higher and safer yields in the studied regions can be achieved by compensating soil water deficit in all crop development stages, which requires construction of adequate irrigation systems.

scholarly journals REQUIREMENT OF SUPPLEMENTAL IRRIGATION FOR DRY SEASON COMMON BEAN IN GOIÁS

Irriga ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Bryan Heinemann ◽  
Luís Fernando Stone
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Simulation Model ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Supplemental Irrigation ◽  
Dry Bean ◽  
Irrigation Depth ◽  
The Impact

REQUIREMENT OF SUPPLEMENTAL IRRIGATION FOR DRY SEASON COMMON BEAN IN GOIÁS  ALEXANDRE BRYAN HEINEMANN1 E LUÍS FERNANDO STONE2 1 Embrapa Arroz e Feijão, Santo Antônio de Goiás, GO, [email protected] Embrapa Arroz e Feijão, Santo Antônio de Goiás, GO, [email protected]  1 ABSTRACT Common bean crop is grown in Goiás state in three crop seasons, "wet”, “dry”, and autumn/winter. In "dry" crop season, common bean yield is lower and it can be attributed in large part to the water deficit during its cycle. The use of supplemental irrigation can be an alternative to overcome this stress and increase grain yield. The objective of this study was to quantify the impact of water stress in "dry" season common bean and the irrigation depth required to mitigate this stress, using the CSM-CROPGRO-Dry bean simulation model. The model was calibrated and evaluated against observed data set for Pérola cultivar. Grain yield for six sowing dates (10/1, 20/01, 30/1, 10/2, 20/2, and 28/2) and three soil classes (Oxisol, Ultisol, and Inceptisol) were simulated considering growth under rainfall and growth with supplemental irrigation, using daily climatic data of 26 weather stations in Goiás for the period of 33 years. The relative impact of water deficit, estimated by the grain yield gap in both cases, was 48%. Soil classes had low impact on average values of irrigation depth required as well as on irrigated grain yield. The irrigation depth required increased from 70 to 157 mm and the grain yield decreased from 3,813 to 3,510 kg  ha-1 with the advance of sowing date. Keywords: Phaseolus vulgaris, water deficiency, simulation model.  HEINEMANN, A.B.; STONE, L.F.REQUERIMENTO DE IRRIGAÇÃO SUPLEMENTAR PARA O FEIJOEIRO DA SAFRA DA SECA EM GOIÁS  2 RESUMO O feijoeiro é cultivado em Goiás em três safras, “águas”, “seca” e outono/inverno. Na safra da “seca”, com semeadura de 01/01 a 28/02, a produtividade do feijoeiro é menor e pode ser atribuída, em grande parte, a ocorrência de deficiência hídrica durante o seu ciclo. O uso de irrigação suplementar pode ser uma alternativa para superar esse estresse e incrementar a produtividade. O objetivo deste trabalho foi quantificar o impacto da deficiência hídrica no feijão da “seca” e a lâmina de irrigação requerida para mitigar essa deficiência, utilizando o modelo de simulação CSM-CROPGRO-Dry bean. O modelo foi calibrado e validado por meio da comparação de dados observados e simulados para a cultivar Pérola. Foram simuladas a produtividade para seis datas de semeadura (10/1, 20/01, 30/1, 10/2, 20/2 e 28/2) e três classes de solo (Latossolo, Cambissolo e Argissolo), considerando o crescimento sob precipitação pluvial ou com o uso da irrigação suplementar, utilizando dados climáticos diários de 26 estações meteorológicas de Goiás para o período de 33 anos. O impacto relativo da deficiência hídrica, estimado pela diferença de produtividade nas duas situações, foi de 48%. As classes de solo tiveram pouco impacto na lâmina media requerida como também na produtividade irrigada. A lâmina média de irrigação requerida aumenta com o avanço da data de semeadura, variando de 70 a 157 mm, e a produtividade decresce de 3.813 a 3.510 kg ha-1. Palavras-chave: Phaseolus vulgaris, deficiência hídrica, modelo de simulação.

scholarly journals The impact of humic acid fractions on swelling and germination of ‘Progres’ and ‘Nawiko’ soybean seeds under salt and water deficit stresses

2016 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Gawlik ◽  
Dorota Gołębiowska ◽  
Danuta Kulpa ◽  
Romualda Bejger ◽  
Renata Matuszak-Slamani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Water Deficit Stress ◽  
Soybean Seeds ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Millipore Filters

A laboratory research was carried out to examine the impact of humic acids (HA) on swelling and germination of ‘Nawiko’ and ‘Progres’ soybean seeds under salt stress (50 mM dm<sup>−3</sup> NaCl) and water deficit stress (−0.5 MPa) induced by polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000. HA in the form of a dry preparation was obtained from peat using the IHSS method. Tests on swelling and germination used non-fractionate preparation (NFHA) and two of its molecular fractions obtained using Millipore filters with a 30 kDa cut-off point. This enabled us to obtain two fractions: with a higher molecular weight, above 30 kDa (HMHA), and a lower molecular weight, below 30 kDa (LMHA). The carbon concentration in HA solutions, used in all tests, was 0.005 g C<span><sub>HA</sub></span> dm<sup>−3</sup>. The results showed that HA mitigate the negative impact of salinity and water deficit on swelling and germination of soybean seeds.

scholarly journals The Impact of Heat Stress and Water Deficit on the Photosynthetic and Stomatal Physiology of Olive (Olea europaea L.)—A Case Study of the 2017 Heat Wave

Plants ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Haworth ◽  
Giovanni Marino ◽  
Cecilia Brunetti ◽  
Dilek Killi ◽  
Anna De Carlo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Heat Wave ◽  
Olea Europaea ◽  
Bisphosphate Carboxylase ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters ◽  
Carbon Efficiency ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Olea Europaéa

Heat waves are predicted to increase in frequency and duration in many regions as global temperatures rise. These transient increases in temperature above normal average values will have pronounced impacts upon the photosynthetic and stomatal physiology of plants. During the summer of 2017, much of the Mediterranean experienced a severe heat wave. Here, we report photosynthetic leaf gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of olive (Olea europaea cv. Leccino) grown under water deficit and full irrigation over the course of the heat wave as midday temperatures rose over 40 °C in Central Italy. Heat stress induced a decline in the photosynthetic capacity of the olives consistent with reduced ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RubisCO) activity. Damage to photosystem II was more apparent in plants subject to water deficit. In contrast to previous studies, higher temperatures induced reductions in stomatal conductance. Heat stress adversely affected the carbon efficiency of olive. The selection of olive varieties with enhanced tolerance to heat stress and/or strategies to mitigate the impact of higher temperatures will become increasingly important in developing sustainable agriculture in the Mediterranean as global temperatures rise.

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