Construction and analysis of balance model on supply and demand in pharmaceutical market before and after the separation of pharmacies from hospitals

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gan Xu ◽  
Li Cong-dong ◽  
Yuan Wei-lin
Keyword(s):  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Pharmaceutical Market ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Before And After

1989 göçü sonrası Bulgaristan göçmenlerinin yemek kültüründeki değişim

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-245
Author(s):  
Cahit Kahraman ◽  
İlhan Güneş ◽  
Nanae Kahraman
Keyword(s):  
Eating Habits ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Food Culture ◽  
Rapid Progress ◽  
Canned Food ◽  
Product Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Day By Day ◽  
Made In

1989 göçü öncesi, dünyada eşzamanlı olarak gittikçe gelişen ve zenginleşen mutfak kültürü, Bulgaristan Türklerini de etkilemiştir. Pazardaki çeşitlilik arttıkça, yemek alışkanlıkları da değişime uğramıştır. Büyük göçten sadece 30-40 sene evvel kısıtlı imkânlar ile sınırlı sayıda yemek çeşidi üretilirken, alım gücünün artmasıyla yemek kültüründe de hızlı gelişmeler olmuştur. Artan ürün çeşitliliği yemeklere de yansımış, farklı lezzetler mutfaklara girmiştir. Göçmen yemekleri denilince hamur işleri, börek ve pideler akla gelir. Ayrıca, göçmenlerin çok zengin turşu, komposto ve konserve kültürüne sahip oldukları da bilinir. Bu çalışma, 1989 öncesi Bulgaristan’ın farklı bölgelerinde yaşayan Türklerin yemek alışkanlıklarına ışık tutmakla birlikte, göç sonrasında göçmen mutfak kültüründe bir değişiklik oluşup oluşmadığını konu almaktadır. Bu amaçla, 1989 yılında Türkiye’ye göç etmiş 50 kişiye 8 sorudan oluşan anket düzenlenmiştir. Bu verilerden yola çıkarak oluşan bulgular derlenmiş ve yeni tespitler yapılmıştır. Ayrıca, Türkiye’nin farklı bölgelerine yerleşen göçmenler, kendi göçmen pazarlarını kurmuşlardır. Bulgaristan’dan getirilen ürünlerin bu pazarlarda satılması böyle bir arz talebin hala devam ettiğine işaret etmektedir.ABSTRACT IN ENGLISHThe Diversity in Cuisine Culture of the Immigrants from Bulgaria After 1989 MigrationThe Cuisine culture that has been developing and getting rich day by day contemporaneously in the world before 1989 migration has also had an impact on Bulgarian Turks. By the increase in diversity in the market, eating habits have changed. While producing a limited number of food types with limited opportunities just some 30 or 40 years before the ‘Big Migration’, there has been a rapid progress in food culture by the help of the increase in purchase power. Enhancing product range has been reflected in food, and different tastes have entered the cuisines. When we say immigrant, the first things that come to our mind are pastry, flan and pitta bread. Moreover, it is also known that immigrants have a very rich cuisine culture of pickle, stewed fruit, and canned food. This study aims both to disclose the eating habits of Turks living in different regions of Bulgaria before 1989 and to determine whether there has been a difference in immigrant cuisine culture before and after the migration. For this purpose, a questionnaire consisting of 8 questions has been administered to 50 people who migrated to Turkey in 1989. The results gathered from these data have been compiled and new determinations have been made. In addition, immigrants that settled in different regions of Turkey have set their own immigrant markets. The fact that the products brought from Bulgaria are being sold in these markets shows that this kind of supply and demand still continues.

scholarly journals NERACA KETERSEDIAAN BERAS DI KALIMANTAN TIMUR SEBAGAI CALON IBUKOTA BARU INDONESIA DENGAN PENDEKATAN SISTEM DINAMIK

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 207
Author(s):  
Aswan Adi ◽  
Dwi Rachmina ◽  
Y Bayu Krisnamurthi
Keyword(s):  
Rice Field ◽  
Rice Yield ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
East Kalimantan ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Rice Consumption

<p class="A04-abstrak3">Rice is the main and strategic commodity in East Kalimantan Province as primary food source. Rice production in this province was relatively low, around  66.57% of its consumption need, or at 33.43% deficit in 2019. This deficit will continue to increase if East Kalimantan becomes the country's capital city in 2025 due to arrival of new residents. Therefore, a proper policy to improve the balance of rice production and consumption need should be designed. This study aimed to develop rice availability balance model and formulate policy recommendation to fullfil the rice needs in the country's capital city candidate. The method used was dynamic system approach as rice balance availability determined by supply and demand sub-system. The study results showed that the model developed could describe the rice availability balance in East Kalimantan and had good validity level. Based on the simulation results on the existing condition in 2025, the rice availability in East Kalimantan as the country's capital city was only 44.80% of the consumption need. A recommended policy scenario to improve the rice balance in this provionce is the combination of policies on production and consumption sides, namely minimal rice planting index at 1.9 (irrigation) and 1.2 (without irrigation), minimum rice yield at 4.67 tons per ha (irrigation) and 3.50 ton per ha (without irrigation), open up new rice field  at 1,000 ha, no rice field conversion, conversion rate from unhusk paddy to rice yield at 64%, and maximum per capita rice consumption at 80 kg/year.</p>

scholarly journals Assessment of the Contribution of Rainwater Collection to Crop Production on Udo Island, Korea

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 3299
Author(s):  
Minseok Kang ◽  
Chulsang Yoo ◽  
Wooyoung Na
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Crop Coefficient ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Small Island ◽  
Agricultural Water ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Irrigation Interval ◽  
Before And After

This study evaluated the contribution of small agricultural reservoirs (the mool-tongs) to crop production on Udo, and the role they play. Agricultural water demand and deficit, water storage in the mool-tongs, and the amount of irrigation water were analyzed by applying the water balance model. In particular, the Blaney-Criddle method was used to estimate the agricultural water for crop growth. In this study, four typical crops of garlic, spring onion, peanut, and barley were considered, whose growing seasons were somewhat different from each other. A total of 47 years (1973–2019) of rainfall, temperature, and evaporation data were used in this study. As a result, it was confirmed that the crop coefficient, growing period of a crop, share of the cultivated area, and the seasonal distribution of rainfall affect the role of the mool-tongs. Comparison of the frequencies of occurrence of agricultural water deficit and irrigation interval before and after introducing the mool-tongs also confirms their usefulness. After the introduction of the mool-tongs for irrigation, the frequency of occurrence of agricultural water deficits changed significantly, from almost 30% of the entire simulation period to less than 20%. Even though the water supply capacity of the mool-tongs on Udo is insufficient to offset the entire agricultural water deficit, the water stored in the mool-tongs was found to considerably aid the survival of the crops and increase crop production. The results in this study can help to determine the capacity of rainwater collecting systems, especially on a small island where the available water resources are limited.

scholarly journals Penerapan Zero Runoff System (ZROS) dan Efektivitas Penurunan Limpasan Permukaan Pada Lahan Miring di DAS Cidanau, Banten

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanuar Chandra Wirasembada ◽  
Budi Indra Setiawan ◽  
Satyanto Krido Saptomo
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Water Balance Model ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Zero Runoff

Runoff is one of flood and erosion causal factor in Indonesia. Runoff occurred when rainfall cannot be infiltrated and flowed on the ground surface. Cidanau watershed has quite high rainfall average (2573 mm/year) so it has high runoff potential. Zero Runoff System (ZROS) is one of water conservation way which can infiltrate runoff to the ground using permeation structures. ZROS’s successful parameter in order to decreasing runoff rate can be observed by the soil water content differences before and after ZROS application. Soil water content estimation was conducted by water balance model with and without runoff and then it is compared with soil water content from measuring. The simulation results indicated that soil water content in the research field before and after ZROS application is 0.476 and 0.569 m3/m3 respectively. The simulation is also conducted for past 10 years (2004-2013) and resulted higher soil water content if ZROS were applied. This results indicates that ZROS capable to decrease and permeate runoff to the ground and then increase soil water content level. Water balance model with and without runoff has coefficient of determination (R2) 0.606. It means that this model could simulate the soil water content differences before and after ZROS application valid relatively.

scholarly journals PHYSICAL MODEL EXPERIMENTS ON RECLAMATION PROJECT OF FANGCHENG PORT

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (32) ◽  
pp. 80
Author(s):  
Xiaodong Zhao ◽  
Jinrong Ma ◽  
Xiangming Wang
Keyword(s):  
Physical Model ◽  
Water Exchange ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Tidal Currents ◽  
Physical Model Test ◽  
Vertical Scale ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Reclamation Project ◽  
Reclamation Plan

Tidal flat reclamation works is an effective way to relieve the contradiction between supply and demand of land in the coastal region. The reclamation project in the bay will decrease tidal current velocities, change tidal currents field, then slowdown the water exchange in the bay ,which will influence water quality in the bay and increase sediment deposit at navigation channels. To study impacts of hydrodynamic environmental and sediment movement due to reclamation projects in Fangcheng Port, the physical model for tide-current and sediment was constructed in NHRI. The horizontal scale and vertical scale of the Fangcheng Port model is 1/660 and 1/100 respectively. The siltation in the bay and channels mainly caused by suspended load transport under the action of tidal currents and waves.The ability of water exchange in the bay is discussed by simulating sewage diffusion characteristics before and after reclamation projects in the bay. The physical model test results are shown the total tidal volume is decreased by 20% after the reclamation plan, of which 17.5% reduction in the East Bay, 2.5% in West Bay. The tidal currents field in the channel are discussed. The sedimentation rate increases 3-10cm/a in navigation channels and basins of Fangcheng Port.

scholarly journals Mobile Communication Procurement Platform Optimization Decision Based on Overseas Retailer Investment under Supply and Demand Disruption Risk

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Deli Wang ◽  
Wuwei Li
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Mobile Communication ◽  
Single Channel ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Dual Channel ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Disruption Risk

With the rapid development of mobile communication procurement platform, it is faced with many risks, such as national policy differences, regional market differentiation, trade control, and technical barriers. Among them, the risk of supply and demand interruption will lead to the disconnection between upstream and downstream enterprises and consumers in the crossborder supply chain, making it difficult for them to achieve the profit target of the supply chain and meet the market demand. In order to reduce the risk of supply and demand disruption in mobile communication procurement platform and improve the ability to prevent and deal with disruption emergencies, a two-level supply chain composed of crossborder suppliers, overseas suppliers, and overseas retailers is established, and the procurement decision optimization of crossborder supply chain under the condition of single channel procurement and dual channel procurement before and after investment is studied. The research show that when overseas retailers invest in crossborder suppliers and choose a dual-source ordering strategy, it is more conducive to overseas retailers to reduce the risk of crossborder supply chain interruption and obtain higher expected profits.

Perbedaan Return Saham Pada Monday Effect di Bursa Efek Indonesia (Studi Pada Emiten Yang Masuk Dalam Perhitungan JII Selama Desember 2013 - Mei 2014)

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (9) ◽  
pp. 772
Author(s):  
Wildan Aditya Nugraha ◽  
Leo Herlambang
Keyword(s):  
Stock Return ◽  
Hypothesis Test ◽  
Investment Decision ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Monday Effect ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Event Date ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Observation Period

Monday effect is an information used by investors to adjudge their investment decision in accordance with some conditions. The condition is able to make changes into stock supply and demand. The change of stock supply and demand generate fluctuating stock return. The purpose of this research is to analyze the reaction of sharia capital market over the Monday effect depicted by the difference of stock return before and after Monday.This research uses event study approach, applied to JII listed issuers in December 2013 – May 2014. The 5-days observation period was used in this research which is consist of t-2 (2 days before Monday), t-0 (event date), t+2 (2 days after Monday). The hypothesis test was ran through paired sample t-test.In accordance with the statistic test result using significant rate (α) 5%, the probability of this research was 0,001 depicting the difference of stock return before and after Monday.

ANALISIS USAHA PENGOLAHAN KERUPUK IKAN GABUS (Channa Striata Bloch) PESERTA PROGRAM PEMBERDAYAAN KONSULTAN KEUANGAN MITRA BANK (KKMB) DI KALIMANTAN SELATAN (STUDI PEMBERDAYAAN KKMB DI KOTA BANJARMASIN)

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Muhammad Aini ◽  
Idiannor Mahyudin ◽  
Emmy Sri Mahreda
Keyword(s):  
Regression Coefficient ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Marketing Channels ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Market Opportunities ◽  
Channa Striata ◽  
Test Level ◽  
Empowerment Program

This research aimed to analyze the technology performance of the snakehead crackers processing business in Banjarmasin City after participating in KKMB empowerment program; to compare the incomes of the snakehead crackers processors in Banjarmasin City before and after participating in KKMB empowerment program; to analyze the factors affecting the incomes of the snakehead crackers processors in Banjarmasin City after participating in KKMB empowerment program; to analyze the market opportunities of the snakehead crackers processed by program participants; and to identify the marketing channels of the snakehead crackers processed by program participants.            This research was carried out in Banjarmasin City, South Kalimantan, with the objects of the snakehead crackers processors participating in KKMB empowerment program. The data that was collected was the data that directly originated from results of observation in the location of the research, and the other supporting data, was related to the object of the research.            Results of the research showed that the technology performance of the snakehead crackers processing business had grown well in Banjarmasin City after participating in KKMB empowerment program, characterised by the increasing quantity and quality of production. Incomes of the snakehead crackers processors in Banjarmasin City after participating in program had increased, showed by the incomes increasing an average of 189.79% from before participating in program. Income of the snakehead crackers processors in Banjarmasin City was significantly affected by the processed fish volume, the amount of the loan capital and business scale, which the regression coefficient of the each variable was positive and valid on test level of 99%. The average difference between the supply and demand of 4,65 tons/year indicated that the snakehead crackers marketing in Banjarmasin City still had a large market opportunity to keep organised. The marketing channels of the snakehead crackers processed by program participants in Banjarmasin City were consist of three pattern of the marketing channels, i.e. producers to consumers directly, producers through the collectors the retailers, and producers through the retailers before distributed to consumers.

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