Research on Poverty Reduction Performances in Rural China -- Based on an Empirical Analysis of Different Project Models

Poverty alleviation is a hallmark of post-revolution Chinese policymaking. Since 1978, the Communist Party of China (CPC) has implemented successive waves of poverty alleviation policies whose effects have become the focus of an ever-increasing body of academic literature. This paper reviews this diverse but limited literature that evaluates the impact of the CPC’s poverty reduction programs through four major channels, namely fiscal investment programs, social safety nets, rural governance on the village-, county- and provincial level, and the relocation of rural populations from destitute regions. This paper aims to synthesize results and evaluate whether and how the abovementioned poverty alleviation programs have had distinct positive or negative impacts on regional development outcomes. Furthermore, I highlight contradictions in empirical findings to motivate the discussion about contextual importance when designing and implementing future poverty alleviation programs. Finally, I suggest that an exhaustive and critical appraisal of the empirical strategies used in this literature would further the development and application of more accurate and informative methodologies.

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CREDIT CO-OPERATIVES AND THEIR ROLE IN POVERTY REDUCTION IN RURAL CHINA

Journal of Asian Rural Studies ◽

10.20956/jars.v1i2.1181 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 97

Author(s):

Li Zhao

Keyword(s):

Financial Institutions ◽

Financial Services ◽

Poverty Reduction ◽

Social Connectedness ◽

Rural China ◽

Modern China ◽

Primary Data ◽

Field Investigations ◽

Local Embeddedness ◽

New Type

Financial constraints may contribute to poverty traps. In the underdeveloped capital markets of rural China, many poor farmers in disadvantaged areas are financially constrained and denied access to formal financial services. A few attempts have been made to reform rural credit co-operatives but with limited impact. Recently, the development of rural mutual co-operatives, as one of new-type rural financial institutions, has gained increasing attention among scholars. While scholars predict that it would be difficult for true co-operative financial institutions to establish themselves and develop in China, this study discusses the conditions for the development of rural mutual co-operatives and identifies their institutional advantages in poverty outreach and financial sustainability. The analysis of the study is largely based on the primary data collected from field investigations and case studies. The study reveals that these organizations have played a significant role in promoting financial inclusion and become a sustainable driver for poverty reduction. This observation is in contrast to the widely-believed prediction that it is hardly probable for true credit co-operatives to establish themselves in modern China due to excessive government intervention and China’s peculiar political culture and social context. The findings also suggest two conditions be necessary to achieve their potential, namely, the co-operation between credit co-operatives and agricultural co-operatives, and local embeddedness with good social connectedness.

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Tourism, Institutions, and Poverty Alleviation: Empirical Evidence from China

Journal of Travel Research ◽

10.1177/0047287520947792 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 004728752094779

Author(s):

Lei Zhao

Keyword(s):

Method Of Moments ◽

Poverty Reduction ◽

Rural China ◽

Generalized Method Of Moments ◽

Tourism Development ◽

Institutional Setting ◽

Absolute Poverty ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Long Run

While tourism can be advocated as a means for poverty reduction, the inconclusive issue of poverty in developing countries has harbored doubts about the efficacy of tourism development in its reduction. This study empirically examines whether institutions influence how tourism development affects poverty. We apply the system generalized method of moments technique to estimate our empirical model. By using panel data for 29 Chinese provinces over the period 1999 to 2014, we empirically reveal that tourism and institutions have significant and negative effects not only on the absolute poverty but also on the relative poverty as measured by the Foster–Greer–Thorbecke (FGT) poverty indices in both the short and long run albeit at varying magnitudes of effect and levels of significance. In addition, institutional quality positively moderates the tourism–poverty nexus, thereby suggesting that the pro-poor effect of tourism development decreases as the quality of institutions improves in the thin institutional setting of rural China.

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An Overview of Agriculture Development Programs for Poverty Reduction in Rural Areas

Handbook of Research on Disruptive Innovation and Digital Transformation in Asia - Advances in Business Strategy and Competitive Advantage ◽

10.4018/978-1-7998-6477-6.ch014 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 255-269

Author(s):

Muhamad Rusliyadi ◽

Wang Libin

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

Poverty Alleviation ◽

Poverty Reduction ◽

Agricultural Development ◽

Agricultural Sector ◽

Rural China ◽

Strategy Development ◽

Development Programs ◽

Level Of Evidence ◽

Integrated Rural Development

The purpose of this chapter is to provide an overview description of important differences in agricultural development China and Indonesia in poverty reduction efforts in rural areas and some strategy. This chapter hopes to provide an objective picture of the development from agricultural sector level of evidence both Indonesia and China. China and Indonesia are agriculture-based countries with a program of integrated rural development as a whole to be a target of poverty reduction programs. Several farm programs related to poverty alleviation have been launched and had a good impact or significance, especially in China that is able to reduce extreme poverty from 30% in 1978 to less than 3% in 2008. Certainly many lessons can be obtained from this success, especially the concept and strategy development in rural China to be a reference of other states in its development model, especially for poverty alleviation programs.

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POVERTY REDUCTION IN CHINA AND INDIA: A COMPARATIVE STUDY

The Singapore Economic Review ◽

10.1142/s0217590820440026 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 65 (supp01) ◽

pp. 95-115

Author(s):

TONGJIN ZHANG ◽

YUAN ZHANG ◽

GUANGHUA WAN ◽

HAITAO WU

Keyword(s):

Comparative Study ◽

Development Strategy ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Poverty Reduction ◽

Rural China ◽

Agricultural Labor ◽

China And India ◽

Employment Generation ◽

The Comparative Study ◽

Better Than

This paper attempts to explain why China performed better than India in reducing poverty. As two of the most populous countries in the world, China and India have both experienced fast economic growth and high inequality in the past four decades. Conversely, China adopted a more export-oriented development strategy, resulting in faster industrialization or urbanization and deeper globalization, than India. Consequently, to conduct the comparative study, we first decompose poverty changes into a growth and an inequality components, assessing the relative importance of growth versus distributional changes on poverty in China and India. Then, Chinese data are used to estimate the impacts of industrialization, urbanization and globalization on poverty reduction in rural China. The major conclusion of this comparative study is that developing countries must prioritize employment generation in secondary and tertiary industries through industrialization and globalization in order to absorb surplus agricultural labor, helping reduce poverty in the rural areas.

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