High density and ultra small cell size of Contact ReRAM (CR-RAM) in 90nm CMOS logic technology and circuits

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Heng Tseng ◽  
Chia-En Huang ◽  
C. -H. Kuo ◽  
Y. -D. Chih ◽  
Chrong Jung Lin
Keyword(s):  
Cell Size ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
High Density ◽  
Small Cell Size

Morphologies of Low-Density Cellular Materials

MRS Bulletin ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 21-23
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Scale ◽  
Cell Size ◽  
Cellular Materials ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Foam Structure ◽  
Standard Nomenclature ◽  
Small Cell Size ◽  
Simple Models

This section will provide a background for understanding and visualizing the microstructures observed in LDMMs. The word microcellular means small cell size, or more generally (because most low-density materials are not composed of easily recognizable “cells”) some measure of the spatial scale of the foam structure. The concept, measurement, and significance of cell size is intrinsically connected to the morphology, as are certain properties (e.g., stiffness). These matters are covered in later sections. As a background, this article describes some of the structural morphologies of low-density foams, not all of them available as LDMMs (i.e., simultaneously low-density and microcellular.) Interested readers are encouraged to also examine References 1 and 2 because a detailed discussion would take us too far afield. Instead, we shall indicate how most low-density morphologies may be considered in terms of a few simple models of morphological types encountered and how they arise. Often these are seen most cleanly in large-celled foams. Note that these are simplifications—there is no standard nomenclature.

Prediction of neoadjuvant chemotherapeutic efficacy by CTC and cfDNA in patients with locally advanced breast cancer.

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 551-551
Author(s):  
Ge Ma ◽  
Jingyi Wang ◽  
Xiaoan Liu ◽  
Tiansong Xia ◽  
Shui Wang
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Advanced Breast Cancer ◽  
Cell Size ◽  
Locally Advanced Breast Cancer ◽  
Locally Advanced ◽  
Roc Curves ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Advanced Breast ◽  
Dna Integrity ◽  
Small Cell Size

551 Background: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCT) is the standard treatment for patients with locally advanced breast cancer (LABC). Liquid biopsy, including circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and cell free DNA (cfDNA) represent an important paradigm shift in precision medicine. The aim of this study was to estimate the value of CTCs and cfDNA in efficacy prediction of the response to NCT in patients with LABC. Methods: Patients with LABC received EC4-T4 regimen NCT. CTCs and cfDNA obtained at time of biopsy, after first course of NCT and after the last course of NCT. All patients were divided into two groups according to pathological reactivity. A novel SE-iFISH strategy, improved for detection of CTCs, was applied. CTCs(CD45-/CD31-) with different cytogenetic abnormality of aneuploid chromosome 8 and small cell size CTCs (≤5 mm of WBCs) were analyzed separately in LABC patients subjected to NCT for the first time. Plasma DNA biomarkers ALU 111 and ALU 260 elements were evaluated using qRT-PCR. DNA integrity was calculated relative to the breast cancer cell line MCF-7. Clinical significance of diverse subtypes of CTCs and cfDNA was systematically investigated. Results: A total of 45 patients was enrolled in this study. According to the therapy response, 6/45 patients had high response (High-R) and 39/45 patients had low response (Low-R). There were no significant differences in CTC number and small cell size CTC number between High-R and Low-R groups in all three detections. However, the CTC number kept stable in the High-R group, but increased continually during NCT in Low-R group. In 45 patients, the percentage of CTCs with trisomy 8, which were related to cancer metastasis, incresed in the Low-R group at the third dectection. The concentration of cfDNA in all three detections did not indicate outcome of NCT. However, concentration of ALU 111 increased in Low-R patients during NCT. In High-R patients, no significant increase was observed. A CTC and cfDNA panel were constructed to discriminate High-R patients from Low-R patients. The areas under the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves of the pannel for the three times were 0.803, 0.859 and 0.667, respectively. DNA integrity index(CFDI) was significantly higher in High-R group than Low-R after first course of NCT. The areas under the ROC curves of the CFDI for the three times were 0.675, 0.863 and 0.697, respectively. Conclusions: The trend of cfDNA concentration changed resembled to the number of CTCs, small cell size CTCs and triploid CTCs during NCT, and could predict tumor response to ongoing treatment.

scholarly journals Small Cell Size Circulating Aneuploid Cells as a Biomarker of Prognosis in Resectable Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Hong ◽  
Jiahui Si ◽  
Jie Zhang ◽  
Ying Xiong ◽  
Jianzhi Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Small Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Cell Size ◽  
Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Large Cell ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Chromosome 8 ◽  
Small Cell Lung ◽  
Post Surgery ◽  
Small Cell Size

ObjectiveThe size distribution of circulating aneuploid cells (CACs) and its clinical significance were investigated in resectable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).Patients and MethodsA total of 50 patients with resectable NSCLC were enrolled in this study. Blood samples (50 pre-surgery and 35 post-surgery) were collected and used for the detection of CAC chromosome 8 heteroploidy through the subtraction enrichment and immunostaining fluorescence in situ hybridization (SE-iFISH) method.ResultsLess than 20% small cell size and more than 80% large cell size CACs were detected. Karyotypes, including triploid, tetraploid, and multiploid, had varying distributions. The triploid subtype accounted for the majority of small cell size CACs, whereas the multiploid subtype accounted for the majority of large cell size CACs. We found that total small cell size and triploid small cell size CACs, but not large cell size CACs, derived from pre-surgery samples, were associated with shorter disease-free survival. Moreover, total small cell size and triploid small cell size CACs were associated with higher TNM stage and recurrence. Nevertheless, the variation between pre- and post-surgery CACs was not related to survival among patients with resectable NSCLC.ConclusionsPre-surgery small cell size CACs, especially the triploid subtype, could be regarded as a potential prognostic biomarker for patients with resectable NSCLC.

scholarly journals Prognostic value of the common tumour-infiltrating lymphocyte subtypes for patients with non-small cell lung cancer: A meta-analysis

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. e0242173
Author(s):  
Benchao Chen ◽  
Heng Li ◽  
Chao Liu ◽  
Xudong Xiang ◽  
Shuting Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
Prognostic Value ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Progression Free Survival ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
High Density ◽  
Small Cell Lung ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Tumour Nest ◽  
Disease Specific

Background Many previous studies have revealed that tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are significantly associated with prognosis in various tumours. However, this finding remains controversial in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We performed this meta-analysis systematically to evaluate the prognostic value of TILs in NSCLC. Methods The references were collected by searching the PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science databases. The pooled hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were summarized using random or fixed effects models to evaluate the association between TILs and NSCLC survival outcomes. Results A total of 45 interrelated studies were eligible that included 11,448 patients. Pooled analysis showed that a high density of TILs indicated a better overall survival (HR = 0.80, 0.70–0.89) and progression-free survival (HR = 0.73, 0.61–0.85) for patients with NSCLC; a high density of CD3+ TILs in the tumour nest indicated a better overall survival (HR = 0.84, 0.69–0.99) and disease-specific survival (HR = 0.57, 0.34–0.80); a high density of CD4+ TILs in the tumor nest indicated a favourable overall survival (HR = 0.86, 0.76–0.96); a high density of CD8+ TILs indicated a favourable overall survival (HR = 0.995, 0.99–1.0), progression-free survival (HR = 0.52, 0.34–0.71), disease-free survival (HR = 0.64, 0.43–0.85), relapse/recurrence-free survival (HR = 0.42, 0.18–0.67) and disease-specific survival (HR = 0.56, 0.35–0.78); and a high density of CD20+ TILs in the tumour nest indicated a favourable overall survival (HR = 0.65, 0.36–0.94). However, a high density of Foxp3+ TILs in the tumour stroma indicated a worse relapse/recurrence-free survival (HR = 1.90, 1.05–2.76) in NSCLC. Conclusions Our meta-analysis confirmed that high densities of TILs, CD3+TILs, CD4+TILs, CD8+TILs and CD20+TILs in the tumour nest are favourable prognostic biomarkers for patients with NSCLC, and Foxp3+TILs in the tumour stroma are a poor prognostic biomarker.

scholarly journals Analysis of the type material of Gomphosphenia tackei (Bacillariophyceae) and comparison to epizoic diatom populations on freshwater snails

2021 ◽  
Vol 154 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-263
Author(s):  
Mateusz Rybak ◽  
Łukasz Peszek ◽  
Anita Poradowska
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Lymnaea Stagnalis ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Type Material ◽  
Freshwater Snails ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Small Cell Size ◽  
Type Population ◽  
Scanning Electron

Background and aims – Hustedt (1942) originally described Gomphosphenia tackei from Germany under the name Gomphonema tackei. Because of the small cell size and the lack of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images from the type material, it is often confused with other species from this genus, especially with G. stoermeri. The aim of this paper was to present detailed morphological characteristics of G. tackei based on the analysis of the type material and of several epizoic populations from Central Europe. Material and methods – The material in this study was collected from the shells of the freshwater snails Lymnaea stagnalis, Planorbarius corneus, and Planorbis planorbis. Additionally, for an unambiguous species identification, the type material for Gomphosphenia tackei was analyzed using light and scanning electron microscopes.Key results – The presence of Gomphosphenia tackei was confirmed in the studied material. The largest population (up to 19%) was recorded on the shell surfaces of living snails, whereas on empty shells, the diatom did not seem to be present or only in very low numbers. Valves are typically clavate with rounded apices. Valves are frequently observed in girdle view, often joint together in pairs. The valves in the studied populations had a valve length of 7–29 µm, a valve width of 3–4 µm, and a stria density of 25–29 striae in 10 µm. In the type population, valve length ranged from 7.5 to 27 µm with a valve width of 3.0–4.0 µm and a stria density of 23–29 striae per 10 µm. Striae were composed of 2–4 elongated to rounded areolae per stria. At the apices, the striae were composed of one single areola. The cells were attached to the substratum by their footpole.Conclusion – Published illustrations of Gomphosphenia tackei do not always correctly represent this species. Individual cells are attached to the substratum by secreted mucilage, probably via their areolae or girdle band pores located on the footpole.

Impact Strength of High Density Solid-State Microcellular Polycarbonate Foams

2000 ◽  
Vol 123 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Barlow ◽  
Vipin Kumar ◽  
Brian Flinn ◽  
Rajendra K. Bordia ◽  
John Weller
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Cell Size ◽  
High Density ◽  
Gas Content ◽  
Impact Behavior ◽  
Strong Function ◽  
Impact Tests ◽  
Izod Impact ◽  
The Impact

The effect of density (relative densities 0.33 to 0.90) on the impact behavior of microcellular polycarbonate (PC) was investigated. Cell size and foaming gas content were also considered. Flexed-beam Izod impact tests were conducted and the impact strength of these foams appears to be a strong function of both density and cell size. The impact strength was observed to improve over the unprocessed polycarbonate’s impact strength for foams with relative densities of 60 percent and above. In terms of cell size, the impact strength increased with increasing cell size at a given density.

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