A structured approach to lead-free IC assembly transitioning

Abstract:A system using structured reporting of findings was developed for the preparation of medical reports and for clinical documentation purposes in upper abdominal sonography, and evaluated in the course of routine use. The evaluation focussed on the following parameters: completeness and correctness of the entered data, the proportion of free text, the validity and objectivity of the documentation, user acceptance, and time required. The completeness in the case of two clinically relevant parameters could be compared with an already existing database containing freely dictated reports. The results confirmed the hypothesis that, for the description of results of a technical examination, structured data reporting is a viable alternative to free-text dictation. For the application evaluated, there is even evidence of the superiority of a structured approach. The system can be put to use in related areas of application.

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Lead-Free in Louisville

Civil Engineering Magazine Archive ◽

10.1061/ciegag.0001542 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 90 (10) ◽

pp. 68-73

Author(s):

Kelley Dearing Smith ◽

Daniel Tegene ◽

Denise Aaron ◽

Emily Fritz

Keyword(s):

Lead Free

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Scientific methodological approaches to the developmentof strategy of sustainable development of territorial communities

Problems of Innovation and Investment Development ◽

10.33813/2224-1213.20.2019.7 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 71-80

Author(s):

Olexander Martynyuk ◽

Inna Studennikova ◽

Volodymyr Hromozdov ◽

Victor Maliarevsky

Keyword(s):

Sustainable Development ◽

Comparative Analysis ◽

Empirical Research ◽

Working Group ◽

Swot Analysis ◽

Expert Evaluation ◽

Analysis Methods ◽

Methodological Approaches ◽

Structured Approach ◽

Developing Strategies

The purpose of the article is to propose methodological assistance to the selfgovernment system in developing strategies for sustainable development of territorialcommunities. Methodology. The research used the works of foreign and domesticspecialists involved in the development of sustainable development strategies.Authors applied methods of scientific comparative analysis, general scientificmethods of theoretical, empirical research and a method of expert evaluation. Scientificnovelty includes clear well-structured approach to identification of what is neededto develop a strategy of territorial communities’ development, important tasks fora working group, SWOT analysis methods, what should be analysed to achievestrategic goals and consistency of organizational details. Conclusions. Complianceto the proposed scientific methodological approaches to the development of thestrategies of territorial communities’ sustainable development enables the communityto obtain a strategic algorithm for its sustainable development.

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Red Emission Properties for (Bi$lt;inf$gt;0.5$lt;/inf$gt;Na$lt;inf$gt;0.5$lt;/inf$gt;)TiO$lt;inf$gt;3$lt;/inf$gt;:Sm$lt;sup$gt;3+$lt;/sup$gt; Lead-free Piezoelectrics

Journal of Inorganic Materials ◽

10.15541/jim20130599 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 29 (8) ◽

pp. 851

Author(s):

SUN Hai-Qin ◽

ZHANG Tao ◽

ZHANG Qi-Wei ◽

ZHANG Yin

Keyword(s):

Lead Free ◽

Red Emission ◽

Emission Properties

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Effect of aluminum content on structure, transport and mechanical properties of Sn-Zn eutectic lead free solder alloy rapidly solidified from melt.

JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN PHYSICS ◽

10.24297/jap.v10i1.1343 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 2641-2648

Author(s):

Rizk Mostafa Shalaby ◽

Mohamed Munther ◽

Abu-Bakr Al-Bidawi ◽

Mustafa Kamal

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Melting Point ◽

Lead Free ◽

Al Alloy ◽

Lead Free Solder ◽

Pronounced Increase ◽

Mass Unit ◽

Size Refinement ◽

Free Solder ◽

Lead Free Solders

The greatest advantage of Sn-Zn eutectic is its low melting point (198 oC) which is close to the melting point. of Sn-Pb eutectic solder (183 oC), as well as its low price per mass unit compared with Sn-Ag and Sn-Ag-Cu solders. In this paper, the effect of 0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, and 5.0 wt. % Al as ternary additions on melting temperature, microstructure, microhardness and mechanical properties of the Sn-9Zn lead-free solders were investigated. It is shown that the alloying additions of Al at 4 wt. % to the Sn-Zn binary system lead to lower of the melting point to 195.72 ËšC.Â From x-ray diffraction analysis, an aluminium phase, designated Î±-Al is detected for 4 and 5 wt. % Al compositions. The formation of an aluminium phase causes a pronounced increase in the electrical resistivity and microhardness. The ternary Sn-9Zn-2 wt.%Al exhibits micro hardness superior to Sn-9Zn binary alloy. The better Vickers hardness and melting points of the ternary alloy is attributed to solid solution effect, grain size refinement and precipitation of Al and Zn in the Sn matrix.Â The Sn-9%Zn-4%Al alloy is a lead-free solder designed for possible drop-in replacement of Pb-Sn solders.Â Â

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Shear Strength and Dsc Analysis of High-Temperature Solders

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials ◽

10.2478/amm-2013-0031 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 58 (2) ◽

pp. 529-533 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

R. Koleňák ◽

M. Martinkovič ◽

M. Koleňáková

Keyword(s):

Shear Strength ◽

High Temperature ◽

Lead Free ◽

Dsc Analysis ◽

Ultrasonic Activation ◽

Metallic Substrates ◽

Cu Substrate ◽

Lead Free Solders

The work is devoted to the study of shear strength of soldered joints fabricated by use of high-temperature solders of types Bi-11Ag, Au-20Sn, Sn-5Sb, Zn-4Al, Pb-5Sn, and Pb-10Sn. The shear strength was determined on metallic substrates made of Cu, Ni, and Ag. The strength of joints fabricated by use of flux and that of joints fabricated by use of ultrasonic activation without flux was compared. The obtained results have shown that in case of soldering by use of ultrasound (UT), higher shear strength of soldered joints was achieved with most solders. The highest shear strength by use of UT was achieved with an Au-20Sn joint fabricated on copper, namely up to 195 MPa. The lowest average values were achieved with Pb-based solders (Pb-5Sn and Pb-10Sn). The shear strength values of these solders used on Cu substrate varied from 24 to 27 MPa. DSC analysis was performed to determine the melting interval of lead-free solders.

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Applying personalized medicine to adult severe asthma

Allergy and Asthma Proceedings ◽

10.2500/aap.2021.42.200100 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 42 (1) ◽

pp. e8-e16 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Angelica Tiotiu

Keyword(s):

Personalized Medicine ◽

Severe Asthma ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Target Therapy ◽

Asthma Management ◽

Future Research ◽

Biologic Therapies ◽

Eosinophilic Asthma ◽

Definition Of ◽

Structured Approach

Background: Severe asthma is a heterogeneous disease that consists of various phenotypes driven by different pathways. Associated with significant morbidity, an important negative impact on the quality of life of patients, and increased health care costs, severe asthma represents a challenge for the clinician. With the introduction of various antibodies that target type 2 inflammation (T2) pathways, severe asthma therapy is gradually moving to a personalized medicine approach. Objective: The purpose of this review was to emphasize the important role of personalized medicine in adult severe asthma management. Methods: An extensive research was conducted in medical literature data bases by applying terms such as “severe asthma” associated with “structured approach,” “comorbidities,” “biomarkers,” “phenotypes/endotypes,” and “biologic therapies.” Results: The management of severe asthma starts with a structured approach to confirm the diagnosis, assess the adherence to medications and identify confounding factors and comorbidities. The definition of phenotypes or endotypes (phenotypes defined by mechanisms and identified through biomarkers) is an important step toward the use of personalized medicine in asthma. Severe allergic and nonallergic eosinophilic asthma are two defined T2 phenotypes for which there are efficacious targeted biologic therapies currently available. Non-T2 phenotype remains to be characterized, and less efficient target therapy exists. Conclusion: Despite important progress in applying personalized medicine to severe asthma, especially in T2 inflammatory phenotypes, future research is needed to find valid biomarkers predictive for the response to available biologic therapies to develop more effective therapies in non-T2 phenotype.

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Lead-Free Metal Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals for Photocatalysis in Water

10.26434/chemrxiv.9794270 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Subhajit Bhattacharjee ◽

Sonu Pratap Chaudhary ◽

Sayan Bhattacharyya

Keyword(s):

Charge Carrier ◽

Wide Spectrum ◽

Real Life ◽

Metal Halide ◽

Lead Free ◽

Water Medium ◽

Type I ◽

Type Ii ◽

Perovskite Layer ◽

Halide Perovskites

Metal halide perovskites with high absorption coefficient, direct generation of free charge carriers, excellent ambipolar charge carrier transport properties, point-defect tolerance, compositional versatility and solution processability are potentially transforming the photovoltaics and optoelectronics industries. However their limited ambient stability, particularly those of iodide perovskites, obscures their use as photocatalysts especially in aqueous medium. In an unprecedented approach we have exploited the photo-absorption property of the less toxic lead-free Cs3Bi2X9 (X = Br, I) nanocrystals (NCs) to catalyse the degradation of water pollutant organic dye, methylene blue (MB) in presence of visible light at room temperature. After providing a proof-of-concept with bromide perovskites in isopropanol, the perovskites are employed as photocatalysts in water medium by designing perovskite/Ag2S and perovskite/TiO2 composite systems, with Type I (or quasi Type II) and Type II alignments, respectively. Ag2S and TiO2 coatings decelerate penetration of water into the perovskite layer while facilitating charge carrier extraction. With a minimal NC loading, Cs3Bi2I9/Ag2S degrades ~90% MB within an hour. Our approach has the potential to unravel the photocatalytic properties of metal halide perovskites for a wide spectrum of real-life applications.

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