A New Approach to Threshold Voltage Measurements of Transistors

ABSTRACTWe present a new approach to engineer the band structure of carbon nanotube field-effect transistors via selected area chemical gating. By exposing the center part or the contacts of the nanotube devices to oxidizing or reducing gases, a good control over the threshold voltage and subthreshold swing has been achieved. Our experiments reveal that NO2 shifts the threshold voltage higher while NH3 shifts it lower for both center-exposed and contact-exposed devices. However, modulations to the subthreshold swing are in opposite directions for center-exposed and contact-exposed devices: NO2 lowers the subthreshold swing of the contact-exposed devices, but increases that of the center-exposed devices; In contrast, NH3 reduces the subthreshold swing of the center-exposed devices, but increases that of the contact-exposed devices. A model has been developed based on Langmuir isotherm, and the experimental results can be well explained.

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A new approach to extract the threshold voltage of MOSFETs

IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices ◽

10.1109/16.622610 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 44 (9) ◽

pp. 1523-1528 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

A. Ortiz-Conde ◽

E.D. Gouveia Fernandes ◽

J. Liou ◽

M. Rofiqul Hassan ◽

F.J. Garcia-Sanchez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Threshold Voltage ◽

New Approach

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A Weibull distribution-based new approach to represent hot carrier degradation in threshold voltage of MOS transistors

Solid-State Electronics ◽

10.1016/j.sse.2003.07.001 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 48 (2) ◽

pp. 217-223 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Ayten Kuntman ◽

Arda Ardalı ◽

Hakan Kuntman ◽

Firat Kaçar

Keyword(s):

Weibull Distribution ◽

Threshold Voltage ◽

Mos Transistors ◽

New Approach ◽

Hot Carrier ◽

Hot Carrier Degradation

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Analyses of TID Induced Back Channel Threshold Voltage Shift of NMOS/SOI

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.403-408.2243 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 403-408 ◽

pp. 2243-2246

Author(s):

Wei He ◽

Zheng Xuan Zhang

Keyword(s):

Finite Element ◽

Charge Density ◽

Threshold Voltage ◽

Threshold Voltage Shift ◽

New Approach ◽

Voltage Shift ◽

Buried Oxide ◽

Element Simulation ◽

Radiation Induced ◽

Nmos Transistors

A new approach to model the total ionizing dose (TID) induced back channel threshold voltage shift in SOI NMOS transistors was presented. Using a 2D finite element simulation, the trapped charge density in the buried oxide of SOI NMOS resulting from irradiating was analyzed. The model derives from the Radiation-Induced parasitic MOSFET created at the back of the buried oxide . A comparison of the theoretical and experimental results have been obtained for different radiation doses.The agreement between experimental and simulated curves is excellent.

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Modeling, Simulation, and Analysis of Novel Threshold Voltage Definition for Nano-MOSFET

Journal of Nanotechnology ◽

10.1155/2017/4678571 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Yashu Swami ◽

Sanjeev Rai

Keyword(s):

Threshold Voltage ◽

Extraction Method ◽

Extraction Methods ◽

Operating Conditions ◽

Short Channel Effects ◽

Short Channel ◽

New Approach ◽

Channel Effects ◽

Real Value ◽

Technology Nodes

Threshold voltage (VTH) is the indispensable vital parameter in MOSFET designing, modeling, and operation. Diverse expounds and extraction methods exist to model the on-off transition characteristics of the device. The governing gauge for efficient threshold voltage definition and extraction method can be itemized as clarity, simplicity, precision, and stability throughout the operating conditions and technology node. The outcomes of extraction methods diverge from the exact values due to various short-channel effects (SCEs) and nonidealities present in the device. A new approach to define and extract the real value of VTH of MOSFET is proposed in the manuscript. The subsequent novel enhanced SCE-independent VTH extraction method named “hybrid extrapolation VTH extraction method” (HEEM) is elaborated, modeled, and compared with few prevalent MOSFET threshold voltage extraction methods for validation of the results. All the results are verified by extensive 2D TCAD simulation and confirmed analytically at various technology nodes.

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The O–C diagrams of minor planets − a new approach to modelling the rotation

International Astronomical Union Colloquium ◽

10.1017/s0252921100031407 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 173 ◽

pp. 185-188

Author(s):

Gy. Szabó ◽

K. Sárneczky ◽

L.L. Kiss

Keyword(s):

Error Analysis ◽

Time Dependence ◽

Theoretical Work ◽

Minor Planet ◽

Minor Planets ◽

New Approach ◽

Preliminary Results ◽

Ccd Observations

AbstractA widely used tool in studying quasi-monoperiodic processes is the O–C diagram. This paper deals with the application of this diagram in minor planet studies. The main difference between our approach and the classical O–C diagram is that we transform the epoch (=time) dependence into the geocentric longitude domain. We outline a rotation modelling using this modified O–C and illustrate the abilities with detailed error analysis. The primary assumption, that the monotonity and the shape of this diagram is (almost) independent of the geometry of the asteroids is discussed and tested. The monotonity enables an unambiguous distinction between the prograde and retrograde rotation, thus the four-fold (or in some cases the two-fold) ambiguities can be avoided. This turned out to be the main advantage of the O–C examination. As an extension to the theoretical work, we present some preliminary results on 1727 Mette based on new CCD observations.

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A New Approach to the Demonstration of Oxidase-Localization Using Tannic Acid Or Catechin

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100073933 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 31 ◽

pp. 698-699

Author(s):

V. Mizuhira ◽

Y. Futaesaku

Keyword(s):

Cross Section ◽

Tannic Acid ◽

Elastic Fiber ◽

The Other ◽

New Approach ◽

Tissue Block ◽

Active Reaction ◽

The Cross

Previously we reported that tannic acid is a very effective fixative for proteins including polypeptides. Especially, in the cross section of microtubules, thirteen submits in A-tubule and eleven in B-tubule could be observed very clearly. An elastic fiber could be demonstrated very clearly, as an electron opaque, homogeneous fiber. However, tannic acid did not penetrate into the deep portion of the tissue-block. So we tried Catechin. This shows almost the same chemical natures as that of proteins, as tannic acid. Moreover, we thought that catechin should have two active-reaction sites, one is phenol,and the other is catechole. Catechole site should react with osmium, to make Os- black. Phenol-site should react with peroxidase existing perhydroxide.

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Processing Immunoperoxidase Labeled Cell Monolayers and Cryostat Sesctions For Electron Microscopy

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100120266 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 43 ◽

pp. 714-715

Author(s):

K. Chien ◽

R. Van de Velde ◽

I.P. Shintaku ◽

A.F. Sassoon

Keyword(s):

Cell Monolayer ◽

Cell Types ◽

Surface Antigens ◽

Immunoperoxidase Method ◽

Reaction Step ◽

Hot Plate ◽

Air Drying ◽

New Approach ◽

Cell Monolayers ◽

Glass Slides

Immunoelectron microscopy of neoplastic lymphoma cells is valuable for precise localization of surface antigens and identification of cell types. We have developed a new approach in which the immunohistochemical staining can be evaluated prior to embedding for EM and desired area subsequently selected for ultrathin sectioning.A freshly prepared lymphoma cell suspension is spun onto polylysine hydrobromide- coated glass slides by cytocentrifugation and immediately fixed without air drying in polylysine paraformaldehyde (PLP) fixative. After rinsing in PBS, slides are stained by a 3-step immunoperoxidase method. Cell monolayer is then fixed in buffered 3% glutaraldehyde prior to DAB reaction. After the DAB reaction step, wet monolayers can be examined under LM for presence of brown reaction product and selected monolayers then processed by routine methods for EM and embedded with the Chien Re-embedding Mold. After the polymerization, the epoxy blocks are easily separated from the glass slides by heatingon a 100°C hot plate for 20 seconds.

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